New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands Sim-Smith, Carina Hickman, Cleveland Kelly, Michelle Zootaxa 2021 2021-08-02 5012 1 1 71 8NFLS Sim-Smith & Hickman & Kelly, 2021 Sim-Smith & Hickman & Kelly 2021 [151,331,1410,1437] Demospongiae Geodiidae Penares Animalia Tetractinellida 35 36 Porifera species angeli sp. nov.  ( Fig. 16)   Material examined.   Holotype—MCCDRS9410, Maria Elena Islet, Pinzón Island, 0.592° S, 90.684° W,  13 m,  20 Jan 2003.    Typelocality. Maria Elena Islet, Pinzón Island.  Habitat and distribution.Only known from typelocality, growing in a rock crevice;  13 m.   Description.Massive, lobose sponge, with a single, large oscule, 5–8 mmin diameter, on the apex of each lobe. The surface is smooth, almost fleshy. Colour in life dark grey-brown on top fading to white at the base (the colour of the underlying choanosome), colour in ethanol medium brown fading to tan at the base ( Fig. 16A–B). Texture firm, compressible.  Skeleton.The cortex is approximately 500 µm thick and comprises a dense crust of microrhabds and microxeas that are lying in no particular orientation. A thin, dense layer of microrhabds exists on the surface of the sponge. Regular pores pierce the cortex. Orthotriaenes are arranged perpendicular to the surface with their cladome at the base of the cortex ( Fig. 16C). Oxyasters, microxeas, and microrhabds are abundantly scattered throughout the choanosome ( Fig. 16D).  Spicules. Megascleres—oxeas, moderately long and stout, often curved; 1808 (1240–2672) × 31 (19–44) µm (n = 20). Orthotrianes are moderately long with a curved cladome; rhabdome length 1270 (926–1668) µm, protoclad length, 283 (226–367) µm, cladome width, 530 (389–640) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 16E). Microscleres—oxyasters, small with several long, slender acanthose rays; 14 (6–26) µm in diameter (n = 20) ( Fig. 16H). Microxeas are curved and centrotylote, 135 (101–191) × 7 (4–10) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 16F). Microrhabds are centrotylote and lightly acanthose; 48 (29–88) × 4 (2–5) µm (n = 20) ( Fig. 16G).   Etymology.Named after Angel Chiriboga for his invaluable assistance with the collection and photography of the sponges.   Remarks.Four species of  Penareshave been previously described from the Galápagos Islands:  P. saccharis( De Laubenfels, 1930),  P. scabiosus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Van Soest 1997,  P. foliaformis Wilson, 1904, and  P. apicospinatus Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Van Soest 1997. The first three species possess dichotriaenes whereas  P. angeli  sp. nov.possesses orthotriaenes.  Penares apicospinatushas two size classes of oxyasters and oxeas that are much longer (2496 (1426–3130) µm; measurements from Desqueyroux-Faúndez & Van Soest 1997) than those of  P. angeli  sp. nov. 2003-01-20 13 -0.592 Maria Elena Islet 78 -90.684 Pinzon Island 35 36 1 holotype [199,728,1590,1617] Maria Elena Islet Pinzon Island 35 36 1 holotype