Meurgey, 2006b : 369 P. ailsa P. ailsa P. capillaris Garrison et al. (2010 : 379 Protoneura ailsa nec Donnelly, 1961 Protoneura spec. nov A synopsis of the Neotropical genus Protoneura (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) Ellenrieder, Natalia Von Garrison, Rosser W. Zootaxa 2017 2017-12-01 4361 1 1 76 4N6G8 Meurgey, 2006 Meurgey 2006 [151,596,151,178] Insecta Protoneuridae Protoneura Animalia Odonata 33 34 Arthropoda species romanae     Protoneura romanae  Meurgey, 2006b: 369–373, Figs. 1–6(description of ♂ and ♀ from Guadeloupe, illustrations of ♂ caudal appendages, ♀ mesostigmal plates and S8–10, diagnosis from  P. ailsa);— Donnelly (2007: 14; Montserrat);— Meurgey & Faucheux (2009: 269–271, Figs. 1–5; analysis and SEM photographs of sensillae on male caudal appendages);— Meurgey (2010: 153–157, Figs. 1–10; description of last stadium larva, illustrations of habitus, prementum, labial palp, gonapophyses, and caudal lamellae, diagnosis from larvae of  P. ailsaand  P. capillaris, notes on habitat and behavior);—  Garrison et al.(2010: 379);— Meurgey & Picard (2011: 227, 228, 232–235; color photos, characterization, habitat, biology, distribution);— Meurgey & Poiron (2012: 310; Guadeloupe);— Meurgey (2013: 302, 306, 328; distribution).   Protoneura ailsa nec Donnelly, 1961— Meurgey & Williamson (2002: 161; Guadeloupe);—Meurgey et al.(2006: 32; Guadeloupe). Misidentifications.   Protoneura spec. nov.— Meurgey (2006a: 16; French West Indies).    Primary types. Holotype ♂. Guadeloupe, Basse-Terre, Rivière Salee, Source Sulfureuse de Sofaïa,  1 ii 2006, F. Meurgeyleg. [ MNHN].    Specimensexamined. 7 ♂ 3 ♀:  GUADELOUPE, Grande-Terre: 1 ♂ 1 ♀,   paratypes, Petit Canal, Beautiran ( 16°22'28'' N, 61°29'22'' W,  12 ii 2006, R. Bouanchaudleg. [RWG]; Basse-Terre: 2 ♂ 2 ♀,  paratypes, Rivière Salée, Source Sulfureuse de Sofaïa( 16°16'19'' N, 61°32'58'' W,  330 m), 1 ii 2006, F. Meurgey leg. [RWG]; 2 ♂, same data but J.J. Daigleleg. [RWG]; 2 ♂, same data but  2 ii 2006, F.C. Sibleyleg. [ FSCA].  Characterization.Male: Epicranium, thorax and abdomen brownish-black with metallic green to copper reflections; pale colors orange to yellow ( Fig. 16). Pronotum anterior lobe pale, sometimes with anterior margin dark; posterior lobe dark with lateral corners pale. Mesepisternum entirely dark lacking pale middorsal and antehumeral stripes; remainder of pterothorax pale. Leg yellow, with tip of femur narrowly dark brown, sometimes with two diffuse brownish rings subbasally and subapically on femur and tibia; tibial spurs shorter than twice intervening spaces. Genital ligula lacking lateral lobes and with a slightly concave distal margin, with laterodistal corners projected ventrally ( Fig. 86). Cercus shorter than S10 length, longer than half paraproct length and longer than wide, with a depression on external surface, dorsal margin sinuous and ventral margin slightly concave in lateral view ( Fig. 112a), with a pointed ventrobasal tooth and two dorsal teeth, a long apical one on distal margin and a shorter subapical one at midlength, visible in dorsal and mediodorsal views ( Figs. 112b, c). Paraproct longer than S10 length, approximately cylindrical ( Fig. 112). TL 37.2–41.6; Hw 17.5–19.5. Female: As male but pronotum anterior lobe with anterior margin dark, and posterior lobe pale with only posterior margin dark; pale lateral area of S9 extended dorsally medially to about 2/3 of segment height ( Fig. 40). Middle lobe of pronotum dark dorsally, lacking pronounced lateral depressions; posterior lobe entire, smoothly convex and directed dorsally. Mesostigmal plate approximately triangular with medial margin upright and with a central concavity; mesanepisterum forming two adjacent cylindrical tubercles lying parallel to each other between posteromedial sides of mesostigmal plates ( Fig. 62). TL 35.5–36; Hw 19.5–20.   Diagnosis.  Protoneura romanaeshares general color pattern, genital ligula and male appendage morphology and mesostigmal plate morphology with  P. ailsa, and it is diagnosed under that species.  Habitat and biology.Small montane rainforest streams at elevations from 150 to 1,000 m, where males were observed patrolling low over shaded pools away from the main current itself, and shaded flooded forest with bloodwood (  Pterocarpus officinalis) at the edge of the Port-Louis mangrove swamp at sea level in Grande-Terre ( Meurgey 2006b). Meurgey (2010)described the last larval stadium, and provided detailed notes on the behavior of the species. Males patrol a 2–3 mlong territory facing the stream bank. Mating takes place in flight until the tandem pair reaches a suitable oviposition site. The tandem pair skirts the banks, never more than 15 cmabove the water, stopping on dead floating debris such as fallen branches, leaves, or flower petals. Oviposition begins as soon as the female chooses a site. Male always remains in tandem, beating wings constantly. Eggs are laid in floating dead leaves or small branches, and oviposition can take more than 30 minutes. The larvae live in calm areas of fastflowing montane rivers and streams under overhanging rain-forest vegetation, with at least one abrupt bank colonized by spike moss (  Selaginellasp.) or ferns. In these typesof habitats, water depth exceeds one meter, and the substrate consists of dead leaves and rocks. Larvae are found clinging on lianas or other plant roots, sometimes on the undersides of leaves. Emergence takes place during the day, between 10 am and 4 pm. The larvae climb out on rocks, plants or roots, always in the shadiest part of the support, and the maximum emergence height observed was 5 cmfrom water level. Tenerals stay for about one hour beside their exuviae, and then rapidly fly into the canopy ( Meurgey 2010). Meurgey & Faucheux (2009)studied the sensilla on the paraprocts of  P. romanaeand determined that there are two typesof aporous mechanoreceptive sensilla present, sensilla chaetica and sensilla filiformia.   Distribution.  Montserratand  Guadeloupe( Fig. 120). 1703062483 2006-02-01 MNHN F. Meurgey Guadeloupe Source Sulfureuse de Sofaia Basse-Terre Riviere Salee 33 34 1 1 holotype 1703062489 [199,932,673,698] Specimens Guadeloupe Grande-Terre 33 34 10 3 7 GUADELOUPE 1703062498 2006-02-12 R. Bouanchaud Guadeloupe Source Sulfureuse de Sofaia 330 16.271944 Basse-Terre 21 -61.549442 Riviere Salee 33 34 4 2 2 GUADELOUPE paratype 1703062513 [151,626,781,806] 2006-02-12 J. J. Daigle Guadeloupe Source Sulfureuse de Sofaia 330 16.271944 Basse-Terre 21 -61.549442 Riviere Salee 33 34 2 2 GUADELOUPE paratype 1703062484 [638,1184,781,806] 2006-02-02 FSCA F. C. Sibley Guadeloupe Source Sulfureuse de Sofaia 330 16.271944 Basse-Terre 21 -61.549442 Riviere Salee 33 34 1 GUADELOUPE paratype