Senecio amphibolus Koch (1851: 361) Senecio longiradiatus Trautvetter Fischer, Meyer & Trautvetter (1865: 37) Senecio ovatifolius Boissier (1875: 406) Senecio orientalis var. glacialis Freyn & Sintenis turcica, Szandschak Gümüschkhane, Karagvelldagh Systematics of Senecio section Crociseris (Compositae, Senecioneae) Calvo, Joel Álvarez, Inés Aedo, Carlos Phytotaxa 2015 2015-05-29 211 1 448 450 4WLGP Meyer (1849: 34) Meyer 34 1849 [192,641,1303,1328] Magnoliopsida Asteraceae Senecio Plantae Asterales 60 Tracheophyta species kolenatianus      Senecio amphibolus Koch (1851: 361). TYPE: “Orientes”, K.H.E. Koch s.n.(not found).    Senecio longiradiatusTrautvetterin  Fischer, Meyer & Trautvetter (1865: 37). TYPE:  Georgia, Racha, Rionquellen, [ 42º50'N 43º23'E], 22 Aug/  3 Sep 1864,  G .  F.   Raddes.n.( lectotype, designated here, LE!).     Senecio ovatifolius  Boissier (1875: 406). TYPE: Jardins de Valeyres, ex Armenia( Turkey),  June 1862, T. Kotschy s.n.( lectotype, designated here, G-162745!).   Senecio orientalisvar. glacialisFreyn & Sintenisin Freyn (1895: 352). TYPE:  Turkey, Gümüşhane, Armenia turcica, Szandschak Gümüschkhane, Karagvelldagh, [ 40º22'N 39º06'E],  31 July 1894,  P .   Sintenis7212( lectotype, designated here, Z-65110!; isolectotypes, B-10-0325082!, W-3869 image!, WU!).    Senecio orientalisvar. unifloraWilldenow, nom. inval., in sched.( McNeill et al.2012, ICN Art. 32.1) (B-W-15799-02 image!).   Senecio subcorymbosusRuprecht, nom. nud., in sched.( McNeill et al.2012, ICN Art. 38.1) (LE!). Perennial herb. Rhizome 1.4–4.8 cmlong, 0.4–1.1 cmin diam., ± horizontal, with swelled fastigiate roots. Stem 20–78 cm, erect, leaved, corrugated, solid, not ramificated, glabrescent, sometimes slightly arachnoid towards the SYSTEMATICS OF  SENECIOSECTION CROCISERIS  Phytotaxa211 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press • 61lower part, base without remnants of old leaves or tufts of hairs, sometimes violet coloured. Basal leaves 4.7–12.5 cmlong, 1.2–2.9 cmwide, ± persistent, sometimes withering early, ovate to oblanceolate (ratio basal leaf width / basal leaf length = 0.10–0.60), obtuse, attenuate to cuneate, with a petiole 2–13.5 cmlong, dentate (teeth 2 mmdeep), sometimes subentire, glabrescent to covered with scattered trichomes, sometimes weakly arachnoid through the petiole and midrib (trichomes 0.1–0.2 mmlong), concolorous. Cauline leaves6–20; middle cauline leaves 5.7–14.9 cmlong, 1.1–5.5 cmwide, alternate, ovate to lanceolate, sometimes oblanceolate (ratio middle leaf width / middle leaf length = 0.09–0.54), obtuse to acute, cuneate-rounded to abruptly attenuated into a petiole up to 4.3 cmlong, sometimes sessile to semi-amplexicaul, dentate (teeth 0.8–1.9 mmdeep), rarely subentire, glabrescent to covered with scattered trichomes (trichomes 0.1–0.3 mmlong), tertiary venation usually slightly conspicuous; upper cauline leaves 1.4–10 cmlong, 0.2–2.4 cmwide, ovate to lanceolate (ratio upper leaf width / upper leaf length = 0.07–0.54), acute, sessile to amplexicaul, slightly dentate (teeth 0.4–0.6 mmdeep) to entire, glabrescent to covered with scattered trichomes. Synflorescence 3.5–38.5 cmlong, corymbose, with linear-lanceolate bracts. Capitula(1–)3–6(–15), 27.5–43.5 mmin diam.; involucre 10.7–16.9 mmin diam., 7–12 mmlong, cupuliform; involucral bracts(17–)20–21(–25), 6.7–10.1 mmlong, 1–2 mmwide, with scarious margin 0.2–0.6 mmwide, ensiform, attenuate, 0–2-keeled, apex with a black spot, glabrescent; supplementary bracts(6–)8–10(–16), 4–8.6 mmlong, 0.5–1.1 mmwide, subulate, without scarious margin, a half to almost as long as involucral bracts, with scattered trichomes on the margin, usually weakly arachnoid near the top (trichomes 0.1–0.2 mmlong), not imbricated. Ligulate florets11–17, 12.1–24.3 mmlong, yellow; tubular florets 6.1–10.1 mmlong, 0.7–1.6 mmin diam., yellow. Achenes 3.9–4.9 mmlong, 0.8–1.2 mmwide, subcylindrical (ratio achene width / achene length = 0.19–0.30), shorter than pappus (ratio achene length / pappus length = 0.52–0.64), with 10–13 ribs, with scattered intercostal trichomes 0.1–0.3 mmlong over the upper half to glabrous; pappus 5.9–9.3 mmlong, whitish. Chromosome number: n=20 ( Afzelius 1951: 68, sub  S. amphibolus). Figure 22.   Distribution and habitat: — Georgia, Russia, Turkey; subalpine and alpine damp meadows, screes, bushwoods of  Rhododendron caucasicum Pallas (1784: 46, tab. XXXI), woods of  Abies,  Picea,  Fagus, on granitic and calcareous soils; elevations of 1200–3050 m( Figure 23).  Phenology: —Flowering from June to September.   Etymology: — Senecio kolenatianusis named in honor of Friedrich August Rudolf Kolenati (1812–1864), Bohemian zoologist and botanist who travelled in Russiaduring 1842–1845.   Discussion: — Senecio kolenatianusis characterized by usually displaying broadly lanceolate cauline leaves, the upper ones sometimes amplexicaul, with ± conspicuous tertiary veins. The achenes often have some trichomes on the upper part, but specimens with glabrous achenes are also found. It presents a high variability regarding the capitula number and cauline leaf width. However, its abruptly attenuated lower cauline leaves that do not decrease strongly up the stem, and its slightly conspicuous tertiary venation are useful characters to discriminate from the similar species:  S. pseudoorientalis,  S. lagascanus, and  S. castagneanus.The differences between  S. pseudoorientalisare commented under that species. With regard to  Senecio lagascanusfrom southwestern Europe, the lower stem indumentum is a useful character to distinguish them: ± patent long multicellular trichomes in  S. lagascanusvs. glabrescent to slightly arachnoid ones in  S. kolenatianus. It differs from  S. castagneanusfrom western Anatoliain its less pubescent achenes.   Senecio ovatifoliuswas described by Boissier on the basis of material cultivated in the Jardins de Valeyres ( Switzerland) from seeds collected by Kotschy in Turkey( Armeniaon the label). Following Boissier, Matthews (1975: 160)included it as an endemic element from Rize(northeastern Turkey). These specimens fit perfectly with the diagnostic characters of  S. kolenatianus, although they certainly show broader leaves than the typical form has, probably because of the cultivation conditions.  Selected specimens examined.  GEORGIA.  Abkhazia: Sochiokrug, mount Chkho, 43º27’N, 40º41’E,  28 July 1912,  G .   Woronow9069( LE).   Adjara: West Transcaucasia, Adjara, Kobuletirayon, Kintrish riverbasin, west slope of mount Chanchakh, 41º45’N, 42º3’E,  28 July 1948,  V .  B.  Soczava& V.  F.   Semenovs.n.( LE).   Ayaria: Khulo district, village of Beshumi, 41º36’N, 42º33’E,  7 July 2003, D. E .   Athaet al. 3977( MO, NY).   Guria: distr. Chokhatauri, montes Meskhetskikhrebet, in declivibus montis Grdzeli-vake, 41º49’N, 42º17’E,  22 July 1979,  V .  Vašák& G.   Esvandzhias.n.( BR, G, M).   Imereti: Adzhar-Imereti Range, Abastuman-Zekari, 41º49’N, 42º53’E,  12 Aug 1914,  E .  I.   Kikodses.n.( LE).   Mtskheta-Mtianeti: in alpe Kasbek, 42º35’N, 44º32’E,  Aug 1881,  A .  H.  Brotherus& V.  F.   Brotherus492( H).   Racha-Lechjumi: distr. Ratscha, Glola, 42º42’N, 43º38’E,  27 Aug 1965,  R .  62• Phytotaxa211 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press CALVO ET AL.  Gagnidze &   I. Mikeladzes.n.( K, LE, MA).  Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti: Megrelia, upper Megrelia, along the road from Labardeto Svaneti mountainpass, 42º45’N, 42º30’E,   L. Kemularia-Natadze,  S. Kuthatheladze&   A. Schchians.n.( MA).  Samtskhe-Javakheti: Kartli district, Borjomi district, Bakuriani, environs Tskhratskaro, 41º41’N, 43º31’E,  4 Aug 2004,   R. Gagnidze1035( MA).  Shida Kartli: South Ossetia, Khodzinskayagully, Khodze-feten, 42º32’N, 44º14’E,  8 Aug 1929,   E. Busch&   N. Buschs.n.( LE, K). RUSSIA.  Adygea: West Caucasus, Caucasian State Nature Reservation, source of the Teplyak river, 43º52’N, 40º9’E,  24 July 1929,   A. I. Leskov& A.   P. Rusaleevs.n.( LE).  Dagestan: Caucasusorient. Dagestaniaaustralis, ad Djulti Tschai, confluvium Samuri, 41º58’N, 47º0’E,  18 July 1860, F.   J. Ruprecht131c( H, LE).  Kabardia-Balkaria: Caucasus, prov. Terekm. Elbrus, ad Donguzorun, 43º13’N, 42º29’E,  18 July 1896,   T. Alexeenko12483( LE).  Karachay-Circasia: The Caucasus, Kuban province, Teberda, springs by Klukhorpass, 43º15’N, 41º51’E,  13 July 1905, D.   I. Litvinov553( LE).  Krasnodar: West Caucasus, Caucasian State Nature Reservation, source of the Chelepsa river, 43º45’N, 40º25’E,  2 Aug 1930, A.   I. Leskov259( LE).  North Ossetia-Alania: Caucasus, distr. Alagiret Radscha, m. Mammillonsupra Kalaki, 42º39’N, 43º49’E,  7 Sep 1861, F.   J. Ruprecht130( G, LE). TURKEY.  Artvin: vallée de Djimil( Lazistan), 40º40’N, 39º40’E,  July 1866,   B. Balansa1474( FI, LE, Z, ZT).  Bayburt: Haldizan Dagi,  Nof Baiburt, 40º30’N, 40º24’E,  27 July 1934,   E. K. Balls& W.   B. Gourlay1870( K).  Erzurum: Yusufeli-Tortumroad, 10 km  N. of Tortum Gavurabove and  Wof Kizilkilise( Guzelyayla) 35 km  N. of Erzurum, 40º13’N, 41º26’E,  12 July 1967,   J. M. Watson, Albury& M.   J. Cheese3219( K).  Giresun: Balabandaglari( Kilinc Tepe) above Tamdere, 40º30’N, 38º19’E,  7 Aug 1952, P.   H. Davis20580( M).  Gümüşhane: c. 4 km. del puerto de Kostandagi, vertiente  S, 40º31’N, 39º45’E,  25 June 2001,   A. Herreroet al. 1585( MA).  Rize: 8 km. antes do Porto Ovit Dagi Geçidi, vertente  N, 40º39’N, 40º43’E,  29 June 2001,   S. Nisaet al. 917( MA, O). 1844-08-13 F Georgia 42.7 Kasbek 1148 44.516666 60 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti [344,365,1340,1363] 1844-08-13 A Georgia true 42.7 Kasbek 1148 44.516666 60 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti LE, TU Georgia Kolenati 60 2 Mtskheta-Mtianeti lectotype 1864-09-03 G Georgia Aug 42.833332 Racha 1147 43.383335 Rion 60 1 [540,557,1540,1562] 1864-09-03 F Georgia Aug true 42.833332 Racha 1147 43.383335 Rion 60 1 [566,1013,1540,1562] LE Georgia Radde 60 1 lectotype [360,583,1601,1623] 1862-06 TYPE, T de Valeyres Armenia Jardins de Valeyres 60 1 lectotype 1894-07-31 P Turkey 40.366665 Gumushane 1163 39.1 60 1 Gumushane WU Turkey Sintenis 60 2 Gumushane lectotype 1912-07-28 G Georgia 43.45 mount Chkho 1143 40.683334 Sochi 61 1 Abkhazia [256,496,1772,1797] LE Georgia Woronow 61 1 Abkhazia 1948-07-28 V Georgia West Transcaucasia 41.75 Kobuleti 1154 42.05 Adjara 61 1 Ajaria [847,866,1809,1832] 1948-07-28 B Georgia West Transcaucasia true 41.75 Kobuleti 1154 42.05 Adjara 61 1 Ajaria [876,1020,1808,1832] V Georgia Soczava 61 1 Ajaria [1023,1041,1809,1832] F Georgia true Soczava 61 1 Ajaria [1051,1260,1807,1832] LE Georgia Semenov 61 1 Ajaria 2003-07-07 E Georgia 41.6 Beshumi 1155 42.55 Khulo district 61 1 Ajaria [942,1272,1844,1869] MO, NY Georgia Atha 61 1 Ajaria 1979-07-22 V Georgia Chokhatauri 41.816666 Grdzeli-vake 1153 42.283333 Meskhetski 61 1 Guria [151,272,1916,1941] G Georgia Vasak 61 1 Guria [282,593,1916,1941] BR, G, M Georgia Esvandzhia 61 1 Guria 1914-08-12 E Georgia 41.816666 Abastuman-Zekari 1153 42.883335 Adzhar-Imereti Range 61 1 Imereti [311,324,1953,1976] 1914-08-12 I Georgia true 41.816666 Abastuman-Zekari 1153 42.883335 Adzhar-Imereti Range 61 1 Imereti [338,553,1952,1977] LE Georgia Kikodse 61 1 Imereti [565,1403,1952,1977] 1881-08 A Georgia 42.583332 Kasbek 1149 44.533333 61 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti [1406,1432,1952,1975] 1881-08 H Georgia true 42.583332 Kasbek 1149 44.533333 61 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti [151,317,1988,2013] V Georgia Brotherus 61 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti [320,338,1989,2012] F Georgia true Brotherus 61 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti [348,560,1988,2013] H Georgia Brotherus 61 1 Mtskheta-Mtianeti [572,1433,1988,2013] 1965-08-27 R Georgia 42.7 Glola 1148 43.633335 Ratscha 61 1 Racha-Lechjumi I, K, LE, MA Labarde Mikeladze 42.75 upper Megrelia 1147 42.5 Megrelia 62 1 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti [815,1068,188,213] L Kemularia-Natadze 62 1 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti [1078,1268,188,213] S Kuthatheladze 62 1 Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti 2004-08-04 A, MA Schchian 41.683334 Borjomi district 1155 43.516666 Kartli district 62 1 Samtskhe-Javakheti 1929-08-08 R, MA Gagnidze 42.533333 Khodzinskaya 1149 44.233334 South Ossetia 62 1 Shida Kartli [516,617,295,320] E Busch 62 1 Shida Kartli 1929-07-24 N, LE, K Russia Busch 43.866665 Caucasian State Nature Reservation 1140 40.15 West Caucasus 62 1 Adygeya [1121,1245,332,357] A, I Leskov Russia 62 1 Adygeya 1860-07-18 P, LE Samuri Russia Rusaleev 41.966667 Dagestania 1153 47.0 Caucasus 62 1 Dagestan 1896-07-18 J, H, LE Donguzorun Russia Ruprecht 43.216667 Terek 1145 42.483334 Caucasus 62 1 Kabardino-Balkariya 1905-07-13 T, LE Russia Alexeenko 43.25 Kuban province 1145 41.85 The Caucasus 62 1 Karachay-Circasia 1930-08-02 I, LE Russia Litvinov 43.75 Caucasian State Nature Reservation 1141 40.416668 West Caucasus 62 1 Krasnodar 1861-09-07 I, LE Kalaki Russia Leskov 42.65 Alagir 1148 43.816666 Caucasus 62 1 North Ossetia 1866-07 J, G, LE de Djimil Turkey 40.666668 Lazistan 1161 39.666668 Ruprecht 62 1 Artvin 1934-07-27 B, FI, LE, Z, ZT, N Turkey 40.5 Haldizan Dagi 1162 40.4 Balansa 62 1 Bayburt [280,399,655,680] E, K Balls Turkey 62 1 Bayburt [469,1194,655,680] B, K Yusufeli-Tortum Turkey Gourlay 62 1 Erzurum N, W Guzelyayla Turkey W of Kizilkilise 62 1 Erzurum [714,1273,692,717] 1967-07-12 N Turkey 40.216667 Erzurum 1164 41.433334 62 1 Erzurum J, M Watson & Albury Turkey 62 1 Erzurum 1952-08-07 J, K Turkey Cheese 40.5 Kilinc Tepe 1162 38.316666 Balabandaglari 62 1 Giresun [244,1152,764,789] H, M de Kostandagi Turkey Davis 62 1 Gumushane 2001-06-25 S Turkey 40.516666 1162 39.75 62 1 Gumushane [288,1285,799,824] A, MA Porto Ovit Dagi Gecidi Turkey Herrero 62 1 Rize 2001-06-29 N Turkey 40.65 1161 40.716667 62 1 Rize [419,718,836,861] S, MA, O Turkey Nisa 62 1 Rize