Ficus tubulosa (Moraceae), a new Amazonian species and the re-establishment of Ficus trachelosyce
Pelissari, Gisela
Neto, Sergio Romaniuc
Phytotaxa
2014
2014-05-26
170
3
207
212
6HZMJ
Pelissari & Romaniuc
Pelissari & Romaniuc
2014
[136,564,229,256]
Magnoliopsida
Moraceae
Ficus
Plantae
Rosales
1
208
Tracheophyta
species
tubulosa
sp. nov.
Type:— BRASIL. Acre: Senador Guiomard, Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, BR 364, Km 35, 10°04’ S, 67°37’ W, 17 April 2010, H . Medeiros et al. 391( holotype SP!, isotype NY, UFACPZ, RB!).
Diagnosis:— Folia elliptica, glabra, apicibus acuminati. Receptacula pedunculata, obovata, ostiolum elevatum, tubiforme.
Description:—Tree to 12 (–35) m tall or hemi-epiphytic. Leafy twigs 3–5 mmthick, glabrous; periderm persistent. Lamina (sub)coriaceous, elliptic, 6–14 x 3–6 cm, base acute to cuneate, apex acuminate; both surfaces glabrous; midrib reaching the apex of the lamina; lateral veins brochidodromous, 8–11 pairs, the first pair of lateral veins diverging from the midrib at an 45–50° angle, with one glandular spot at the base of the midrib beneath; tertiary venation reticulate; petiole 2–3.5 cmlong, ca. 1 mmthick, glabrous, the epidermis persistent; stipules 3–7 mmlong, glabrous or sparsely and minutely puberulous, caducous. Figs axillary, in pairs, greenish; peduncle 0.4–1 cmlong; epibracts 1–1.5 mmlong, persistent, the apex rounded to obtuse; receptacle rounded to obovate, 5–7 mmin diameter when dry, glabrous, yellowish to greenish, reddish at maturity, maculate, whitish to brownish spots; ostiole tubular, straight, 2–4 mmlong, 1–2 mmin diameter, deeply crateriform. Staminate flowers with pedicels absent to very short, with a triangular basal bract ca. 1 mmlong; perianth ca. 1 mmlong, glabrous, with 3 basally connate tepals; stamens 1, the anthers ca. 1 mmlong. Long pistillate flowers with pedicels 1–1.5 mmlong; tepals 3, basally connate, 1–1.5 mmlong, glabrous; style 0.5 mmlong, lateral, the stigma simple, plumose; interfloral bracts up to 0.5 mm, triangular, glabrous. Short pistillate flowers sessile or subsessile, 0.5–1 mmlong. Figure 1.
Distribution and Habitat:—North of Amazonas, Acre to West-central Peruand also from West to Northwest of Bolivia, at elevations between 185–450maltitude in disturbed areas or in forests nearby watercourses. Vernacular Name:—Apuí (BRA), renaco blanco (PER).
Etymology:—The epithet refers to the tubular format of the ostiole. Additional specimens examined:— BOLIVIA. Depto La Paz: Provincia Abel Iturralde, Parque Nacionaly Area Natural de Manejointegrado Madidi, Laguna Chalalán, entrando 45 min sobre orilla izquierda de río Tuichi, 14°26’S, 67°55’W, 450 m, 25 April 1997, N. Y . Paniagua Zambrana1242( BG!, LPB). Provincia Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi, laguna Chalalán, bosque amazônico preandino inundable, 14°25’30’’S, 67°55’16’’W, 300 m, 26 September 2006, A. A . Murakami.et al. 3150( BG!, BOLV, LPB, MA, MO, USZ). Depto Pando: Provincia Nicolás Suarez, Cementeriogeneral de Cobija, 15 September 2005, G . Torrico1899( BG!, UAP). BRAZIL. Acre: Plácido de Castro, margem esquerda do Rio Abunã, 13 May 2001, L. G . Lohmann& E. C. de Oliveira491( BG!). Xapurí, Seringal Cachoeira, BR 317, ramal Cachoeira, 16kmao longo do ramal, 10°55’49’’ S, 68°13’54’’W, 03 May 2010, H . Medeiroset al. 638( RB, SP!). Amazonas: Itu, Rio Acre, 04 November 1923, J. G . Kuhlmann756( INPA!, RB!). Maraã, Rio Jupurá, 01 November 1982, I. L . Amaralet al. 276( INPA!). PERU. Depto. San Martín: Província Mariscal Caceres, Distrito de Campanilla, margen izquierda del río Huallaga, 12 August 1970, J . Schunke4241( IAN!).
Discussion:— Ficus pertusacomplex proposed by Berg (1981)is characterized by species with maculate figs with the ostiole sunken in the receptacle and leaves varying from small to medium-sized. Berg (2007)separates this complex in informal entities: ‘pertusa-form’, ‘subtriplinervia-form’, ‘padifolia-form’, ‘arpazusa-form’, ‘broadwayiform’ and ‘trachelosyce-form’, the latter with small to large figs of which the apex is protracted up to 1 cmlong, distributed from Central America to north-western South America. F. tubulosais also included in F. pertusacomplex, but it is morphologically closest to F. trachelosyce, differing from the latter one by its obovate syconium with tubular ostiole ( Fig. 2, Tab. 1). TABLE 1.Main characters distinguishing Ficus tubulosafrom F. pertusa, and F. trachelosyce. Character/Species F. tubulosa F. pertusa F. trachelosyce Angle of divergence between the middle lateral veins and the midrib 45–50° 40–50° 65–70° Format of the syconium obovate globose globose Diameter of the syconium 5–7 mm up to 6 mm 10–12 mm Length of peduncle 4–10 mm up to 3 mm 2–3 mm Format of the ostiole tubular umbilicate infundibuliform Length of the ostiole 2–4 mm up to 1.5 mm 2–2.5 mm The entire Ficus pertusacomplex occurs from southern Mexicothrough Central America to Jamaicaand in South America to western Ecuador, the Guianas, eastern Brazil, and Paraguay. Ficus pertusaoccurs in all these areas, in evergreen to deciduous forest, at altitudes up to 2000 m, whereas Ficus trachelosyceoccurs from Colombiato Costa Ricaup to 400 mand F. tubulosafrom north of Amazonas, Acre to west-central Peruand also from west to northwest of Bolivia, in woodland, Igapó forest and river banks, in altitudes up to 450 m( Fig. 3). Re-establishment of Ficus trachelosyce:— Ficus trachelosyceDugandwas informally treated by Berg (1981)as Ficus pertusaL. ‘trachelosyce-form’. During the Flora of Venezuela, Berg (2000)officially treated this species as synonym of F. pertusa. However, the characteristics identified by the author and the analyzes of both typematerials enabled us to re-establish F. trachelosyceas distinct species from F. pertusa. The main characteristics that distinguish them are related to the structure of the inflorescence: F. pertusahas globose syconium with umbilicate ostiole, while F. trachelosycehas globose syconium with infundibuliform ostiole. For these characteristics we re-establish F. trachelosyceas a valid species.
[218,971,305,327]
BR
Brazil
Fazenda Experimental Catuaba
Senador Guiomard
1
208
BR 364
1
Acre
[983,1448,305,327]
2010-04-17
H
Brazil
-10.066667
1298
-67.61667
1
208
1
Acre
[189,797,341,363]
SP, NY, UFACPZ, RB
Brazil
1
208
1
Acre
holotype
1997-04-25
N, Y
Bolivia
Depto
450
-14.433333
Parque Nacional
1288
-67.916664
Provincia Abel Iturralde
2
209
1
La Paz
2006-09-26
BG, LPB, A
Provincia Franz Tamayo & Parque Nacional Madidi & Chalalan
Bolivia
300
-14.425
Paniagua Zambrana
21
-67.92111
2
209
1
2005-09-15
BG, BOLV, LPB, MA, MO, USZ, G
Depto & Provincia Nicolas Suarez & Cementerio & de Cobija
Bolivia
Murakami.
2
209
1
Pando
[845,1139,950,976]
BG, UAP
Bolivia
Torrico
2
209
1
2001-05-13
L, G
Brazil
Rio Abuna
Placido de Castro
2
209
1
Acre
[810,996,986,1013]
E, C
Brazil
Lohmann
2
209
1
BG
de Oliveira & Xapuri & Seringal Cachoeira
Brazil
2
209
BR 317
1
[361,1337,1022,1049]
2010-05-03
H
Brazil
-10.930278
Cachoeira
21
-68.23167
2
209
1
1923-11-04
RB, SP, J, G
Amazonas & Itu & Rio
Brazil
Medeiros
2
209
1
Acre
1982-11-01
INPA, RB, I, L
Brazil
Kuhlmann
Rio Jupura
Maraa
2
209
1
[507,809,1094,1120]
INPA
Brazil
Amaral
2
209
1
1970-08-12
J
Peru
Depto.
Distrito de Campanilla
Provincia Mariscal Caceres
2
209
1
San Martin
[1019,1263,1130,1156]
IAN
Peru
Schunke
2
209
1