Castelnau, 1855 : 68
Günther, 1864 : 335
Howes, 1982 : 38
Géry & Mahnert, 1992 : 817
B. orthotaenia
B. lundii
Rizzo & Godinho, 2003 : 119
Pompeu & Godinho, 2003a : 170
Pompeu & Godinho 2003b : 185
Godinho, 2003 : 277
Bazzoli, 2003 : 292
Godinho et al. , 2003 : 352
Godinho & Pompeu, 2003 : 366
Alves & Pompeu, 2005 : 593
Pompeu & Godinho, 2006 : 430
Gonçalves et al. , 2006 : 513
Silva et al. , 2006 : 835
Günther, 1880 : 13
Brycon lundii Lütken
Steindachner, 1917 : 38
Amaral Campos, 1950 : 141
Howes, 1982 : 33
Britski et al. , 1988 : 49
Menin & Minura, 1993 : 340
Sato & Godinho, 1999 : 410
Margarido & Galetti Jr., 1999 : 357
Godinho, 2003 : 205
Magalhães, 1931 : 160
Schubart, 1943 : 111
Godoy, 1975 : 288
Brycon hilarii
Brycon carpophagus
Howes, 1982 : 17
B. orthotaenia
Géry & Mahnert, 1992 : 816
A revision of the cis-andean species of the genus Brycon Müller & Troschel (Characiformes: Characidae)
Lima, Flávio C. T.
Zootaxa
2017
4222
1
1
189
NH86
Gunther, 1864
Gunther
1864
[151,571,1545,1571]
Actinopterygii
Bryconidae
Brycon
Animalia
Characiformes
81
82
Chordata
species
orthotaenia
Chalceus carpophagus(not Valenciennes): Castelnau, 1855: 68, pl. 34, fig. 3 (description; “ Riode Sabara de la province de Minas Geraës”).
Brycon orthotaenia Günther, 1864: 335(type locality: “River Cipo”); Howes, 1982: 38–41 (redescription of holotype; literature compilation); Géry & Mahnert, 1992: 817(possible synonym between B. orthotaeniaand B. lundii); Rizzo & Godinho, 2003: 119, 122 (egg surface structure); Pompeu & Godinho, 2003a: 170, 171 (occurrence, lagoons at middle rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais); Pompeu & Godinho 2003b: 185, 187–188 (diet, lagoons at middle rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais); Sato et al., 2003: 231, 237, 240, 242–246, 248–252 (fecundity, egg and larvae characteristics; rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais); Sato, Fenerich-Verani & Godinho, 2003: 277–278, 284–287 (reproduction in captivity); Bazzoli, 2003: 292, 300 (reproduction; rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais); Godinho et al., 2003: 352–353, 355 (fisheries; rio São Francisco, Pirapora, Minas Gerais); Godinho & Pompeu, 2003: 366–367 (occurrence in small tributaries, rio Paracatu basin, Minas Gerais); Alves & Pompeu, 2003: 183 (Rio das Velhas basin, Minas Gerais); Alves & Pompeu, 2005: 593–594 (idem); Pompeu & Godinho, 2006: 430(lagoons at middle rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais); Gonçalves et al., 2006: 513–522 (reproduction, gametogenesis; Rio São Francisco, Pirapora); Silva et al., 2006: 835, 837, 838 (Juramento reservoir, rio São Francisco basin, Minas Gerais); Sanches et al., 2012: 177–185 (Rio São Francisco, Três Marias, Minas Gerais: population structure analysed through microsatellite loci) [not Günther, 1880: 13]. Brycon lundiiLütken(ex Reinhardt) 1874: 135–136 (Type locality: “flumine Rio d. Velhas”). Lütken, 1875: 223–226, fig. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio das Velhas; redescription); Steindachner, 1917: 38–40 (Barra, rio São Francisco, Bahia); Amaral Campos, 1950: 141(rio São Francisco); Howes, 1982: 33(literature compilation; discussion); Britski et al., 1988: 49, 98, fig. 43 (common name, short description; Três Marias reservoir, Minas Gerais); Menin & Minura, 1993: 340, 344, 349, 351, 354, 357, 360–361, figs. 5, 10, 12, 20–21 (Três Marias reservoir; digestive tract anatomy); Sato & Godinho, 1999: 410(Rio São Francisco basin); Margarido & Galetti Jr., 1999: 357–358 (caryotype); Sato & Godinho, 2003: 205, 208, 210, 216, 222, 224, 225 (Rio São Francisco basin; biology, importance to fisheries). [not Magalhães, 1931: 160–162, fig. 86; Schubart, 1943: 111; 1962: 27; Godoy, 1975: 288–307, figs. 45–50]. Brycon hilarii(not Valenciennes): Braga, 1982: 175–180 (common name; Cabrobó and Jatinã, rio São Francisco, Pernambuco). Brycon carpophagus(not Valenciennes): Howes, 1982: 17(Castelnau’s specimen; as a possible specimen of B. orthotaenia); Géry & Mahnert, 1992: 816–817 (idem).
Diagnosis. Brycon orthotaeniacan be distinguished from all remaining cis-andean Bryconspecies, except for B. orbignyanus, B. hilarii, B. whitei, and B. polylepis, by possessing a caudal peduncle blotch extending as a stripe to the distal portion of caudal-fin rays (caudal peduncle blotch, when present, limited to the caudal peducle or extending only into centralmost caudal-fin rays; Fig. 5). It can be distinguished from Brycon hilariiand B. whiteiprimarily by possessing lower scale counts (49–58, modally 52 lateral line scales, vs. 67–82, modally 74 in B. hilariiand 66–76, modally 70 in B. whitei; 9–12, modally 10 scales between lateral line and dorsal-fin basis, vs. 12–17, modally 15 in B. hilariiand 12–13, modally 13, in B. whitei; 18–21, modally 19 circumpeduncular scales, vs. 20–28, modally 26, in B. hilarii, and 19–24, modally 21, in B. whitei). Brycon orthotaeniacan be further distinguished from B. whiteiby lacking a midlateral dark stripe (vs. midlateral dark stripe present). Brycon orthotaeniacan be distinguished from B. orbignyanusby possessing a aproximately rounded, obtuse head profile (versus pointed in the latter species; compare Fig. 6F and H), by possessing a relatively broad and short dentigerous premaxilary surface (vs. a narrow and elongated dentigerous surface of the premaxillary), by possessing a lower number of teeth in the second, inner premaxilary row (not counting the teeth of the second row situated between the first and third rows) (3–5, modally 5, versus 5–9, modally 6, in B. orbignyanus), and by possessing the anteriormost four dentary teeth considerably larger than the remaining teeth (vs. dentary teeth decreasing gradualy in size in B. orbignyanus).
Description.Morphometric data are presented in Table 14. Middle-sized species, largest examined specimen 392.8 mmSL. Body moderately slender to moderately high. Largest body height slightly ahead of dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal body profile slightly convex from upper lip margin to vertical through anterior naris, slightly concave from latter point to basis of supraoccipital process, moderately to pronoucedly convex from latter point to dorsal-fin origin, straight along dorsal-fin basis, and straight to slightly convex from dorsal-fin basis to adipose-fin origin. Dorsal profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Ventral profile slightly to moderately convex from lower lip to pelvic-fin insertion, straight to slightly convex from this point to anal-fin origin and approximately straight along anal-fin base. Ventral profile of caudal peduncle slightly concave. Head profile obtuse, mouth terminal. Jaws isognathous to slightly anisognathous, premaxillary projecting slightly relative to dentary, leaving outer row of premaxillary teeth and in some specimens a portion of second series exposed when mouth is closed. Maxillary moderately long, extending posteriorly to anterior margin to anterior third of pupil. Adipose eyelid well developed. Premaxillary teeth in three rows; teeth of third row largest. Eight (6), 9 (23), 10 (15), 11 (11), 12 (5), or 13 (1) tricuspidate, relatively small teeth in outer series. Three (2), 4 (26), 5 (31), or 6(1) tri- to pentacuspidate teeth in second, inner premaxillary row, plus 2 (20), 3 (49), or 4 (5) tricuspidate teeth between the first and third rows. Two teeth in third premaxillary row, medial teeth largest, symphyseal teeth smaller, slightly tilted towards each other, penta- to hexacuspidate. Maxillary margins approximately parallel, straight in profile. Ten to 22 maxillary teeth, slightly smaller than teeth of first premaxillary row, anterior teeth tricuspidate, posterior teeth unicuspidate. Dentary with 6 (2), 7 (4), 8 (21), 9 (19), 10 (6), 11 (3), or 12 (1) teeth in main series. Anterior four dentary teeth assymetrical, considerably larger and bulkier than remaining teeth, penta- to hexacuspidate, each with central cusp distinctly larger than remaining cusps. Remaining dentary teeth progressivelly smaller, penta- to unicuspidate. Inner (lingual) series consisting of a small, single unicuspid symphyseal tooth, situated immediately posterior to symphyseal dentary teeth of main series, plus row of 10–17 small, unicuspidate teeth, originating on lingual crest of dentary replacement trench at the level of sixth to seventh main series dentary teeth. TABLE 14.Morphometric data of Brycon orthotaenia(A: paralectotype of Chalceus carpophagus, MNHN A.8615). Mean and range does not include paralectotype of Chalceus carpophagus(which is a stuffed specimen). A n Range Mean Standard length (SL) 314.1 66 83.5–324.8 - Percentages of standard length Depth at dorsal-fin origin 30.2 57 29.9–37.2 33.3 Snout to dorsal-fin origin 49.1 66 43.3–53.9 49.9 Dorsal-fin base length 11.0 66 9.3–12.6 11.3 Posterior terminus of dorsal fin to adipose fin 26.6 66 22.5–29.7 26.0 Posterior terminus of dorsal fin to hypural joint 41.6 66 35.5–43.9 39.0 Snout to pelvic-fin insertion 46.0 58 42.3–48.5 45.4 Snout to anal-fin origin 67.7 66 61.3–70.2 65.9 Anal-fin base length 25.1 66 23.0–28.4 25.5 Caudal peduncle length 15.0 66 11.9–17.8 15.7 Dorsal-fin height - 64 12.5–22.9 19.9 Pectoral-fin length - 65 14.5–21.7 18.9 Pelvic-fin length 14.3 62 15.3–21.7 16.9 Caudal peduncle depth 10.3 66 9.0–15.3 10.7 Head length 21.8 66 20.3–28.6 23.4 Percentages of head length Head height 1.03 66 82.2–97.6 88.5 Snout length 31.6 66 26.4–34.1 30.2 Upper jaw length 45.8 66 40.4–52.2 46.1 Horizontal eye diameter 23.1 66 22.2–37.4 27.5 Post-orbital length 49.6 66 41.4–50.3 46.4 Least interorbital width 46.1 66 35.4–46.3 41.7 Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete, from supracleithrum to caudal-fin base. Forty-nine (3), 50 (2), 51 (7), 52 (11), 53 (13), 54 (8), 55 (8), 56 (9), 57 (5), or 58 (1) scales in lateral line series. Laterosensory tube simple in specimens smaller than 100 mmSL, ramified in specimens larger than 100 mmSL. Tubules ramification increasing in complexity along ontogeny, specimens between 100–150 mmSL with tubules with two or three branches, four to seven branches in specimens between 150–250 mmSL, and with more than 10 branches and developing a dendritic pattern of ramification, with tubules overlapping each other in larger (> 300 mmSL) specimens. Horizontal scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 9 (1), 10 (33), 11 (30), or 12 (2). Horizontal scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin 5 (28), 6 (37), or 7 (1). Circumpeduncular scales 18 (10), 19 (44), 20 (9), or 21 (1). Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9. Dorsal fin origin slightly ahead middle of SL. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind neural spine of 13th (1), 14 th (1), or 15th (1) vertebra. Anal-fin rays iii (not including first, small unbranched ray only visible in the cs specimen), 22 (1), 23 (1), 24 (8), 25 (16), 26 (21), 27 (16), 28 (4), or 29 (1). First anal-fin pterygiophore inserting behind haemal spine of 25th (1) or 26th (1) vertebra. Anal-fin rays decreasing only slightly in size towards anal-fin end. Anal fin displaying several (c. 8–15 per fin-ray main branch) small hooks on last unbranched and posterior main branch of branched rays 1–12, associated with dense, gelatinous tissue in 8 specimens(MZUSP 39278, 6, 220.2– 247.7 mmSL; MZUSP 17018, 1, 206.8 mmSL; MZUSP 2007, 1, 193.1 mmSL). Asingle hook per ray segment. Sheath of scales covering basis of anal-fin rays composed of four scale rows, lower scale row formed by 25–28 rectangular scales. Pectoral-fin rays i, 11 (2), 12 (25), 13 (40), or 14 (2). Pelvicfin rays i, 7. Main caudal-fin rays 10/9. Caudal fin slightly forked, distal margin slightly concave. Centralcaudalfin rays with a small, pointed middle projection extending beyond primary margin of fin. Laterosensory tube extending over interradial membrane between upper and lower caudal-fin lobes to the distal portion of fin at the middle caudal-fin projection. Laterosensory tube on caudal fin with dorsally and ventrally oriented side branches across its length. Four branchiostegal rays, three on anterior ceratohyal and one on posterior ceratohyal. First branchial arch with 14 (2), 15 (1), 16 (12), 17 (14), 18 (6), or 19 (1) lower, 1 at angle, and 15 (1), 16 (6), 17 (14), 18 (12), or 19 (4) upper gill rakers. Vertebrae 46 (4). Supraneurals 10 (4). FIGURE 49. Brycon orthotaenia, BMNH 1861.6.16, 71, 330 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, “River Cipo”. © The Natural History Museum, London FIGURE 50. Brycon orthotaenia, MZUSP 39728, 319.3 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco. Coloration in alcohol.Top of head, snout, supraorbital, and sixth infraorbital gray to light-brown. Dorsal portion of body light-brown to dark-brown, with silvery hue in specimens retaining guanine. Second, third, fourth, and fifth infraorbitals, and opercle silvery. Dentary, maxillary, gular area and lower portion of body clear in relatively recently collected specimens, light brown in specimens stored for some years in alcohol. Lateral portion of body silvery in relatively recently collected specimens, light brown, with a silvery hue, in specimens that were stored for a long period in formalin/alcohol. Humeral blotch present, conspicuous, approximately rounded in shape, situated immediately above lateral line, its anterior margin at level of second, extending longitudinally to posterior margin of fourth to fifth, lateral line scales, and vertically one and half scales high. Dark, wavy longitudinal stripes formed by dark pigment concentrated on upper and lower scale margins extending along trunk. Stripes more discernible dorsally. Caudal peduncle with broad median stripe, originating 4–6 scales from hypural joint and continuing posteriorly over 4 central principal caudal-fin rays to caudal-fin distal margin. Remaining caudal-fin rays, and remaining fins, clear. FIGURE 51. Brycon orthotaenia, MNRJ 15856, 138.5 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco. Color in life.Description based on the examination of several living specimens collected at the middle rio São Francisco at São Romão, one of which preserved (MZUSP 94993), and on a picture of one unpreserved specimen, fished at the Três Marias dam. Lateral body surfaces, infraorbital and opercular bones silvery. Dorsum and adiposefin light grey, with a greenish tinge. Anal, pelvic, and pectoral-fins pinkish. Caudal fin pinkish to deep red, basis of caudal fin yellowish. Sexual dimorphism.Eight examined specimens (MZUSP 39278, 6, 220.2– 247.7 mmSL; MZUSP 17018, 1, 206.8 mmSL; MZUSP 2007, 1, 193.1 mmSL) presenting numerous small hooks present on first unbranched and posterior branch of branched anal-fin rays. Two of these specimens were dissected and proved to be males. Female specimens identified through dissection or through presence of ripe eggs at the urogenital opening (MZUSP 39728, 2, 190.3– 245.8 mmSL) lack fin hooks. Common names.“Matrinchã” ( Günther, 1864: 335, como “matrinxim”; Lütken, 1875: 223; 2001: 138); “ piabanha” ( Castelnau, 1855: 68, as “piabana”). Quoting Reinhardt, in Lütken, 2001: 138, footnote 1, “this species is incorrectly called “ Piabanha”, a name which actually belongs to another fish species that does not occur at the Riodas Velhas” (our translation). Although “ piabanha” is a common name widely employed for several Bryconspecies, the common name currently in use by fishermen for B. orthotaeniain the rio São Francisco basin is generally “matrinchã”.
Distribution.Endemic from the rio São Francisco basin, eastern Brazil( Fig. 52). There is a purported record for the species from the rio Poti, a tributary of the rio Paranaíba basin in northeastern Brazil(MCZ 21268). These two specimens were collected by Orestes St. John, a member of the Thayer Expedition, in December 1865. There are no other records for the species for the rio Parnaíba and in fact, so far no Bryconspecies has been reported from this river basin (see the item Biogeography, below). Since Orestes St. John also collected at the rio São Francisco basin ( Higuchi, 1996), we consider that this specimens were probably mislabelled and that they were actually collected at the rio São Francisco basin.
Remarks. Günther (1864: 335)described Brycon orthotaeniabased on a single specimen, collected at the “River Cipo” in Brazil. The description is quite short, with no figures appended. Lütken (1874: 135–136) described Brycon lundiifrom the rio das Velhas. In this description (attributed to Reinhardt), he notices that B. lundiimight be actually a synonym of B. orthotaenia, both nominal species differing only in lateral-line scale counts (slightly higher in B. lundii) and in the absence of the inner dentary pair of symphyseal teeth in the holotype of B. orthotaenia. A little later, Lütken (1875: 225; 2001: 114) discussed in more detail the possible synonym between both nominal species, noticing that the distinct scale counts were probably a result of different count methods employed by him and Günther, and that the inner dentary teeth might have been simply lost in the holotype of Brycon orthotaenia. However, these remarks were overlooked by subsequent authors working with specimens from the rio São Francisco basin, which generally prefered to use Lütken’s name ( Steindachner, 1917; Amaral Campos, 1950; Britski et al., 1984). Brycon orthotaeniawas relegated as a synonym of B. orbignyanusby Berg (1895: 124), based on the erroneous assumption that the type locality of B. orthotaeniawas at the La Plata basin. This synonym was reproduced in latter compilations on the genus (e.g., Fowler, 1950). Howes (1982: 33, 38–40)reexamined the holotype of Brycon orthotaenia, plus additional material of both B. orthotaeniaand B. orbignyanus, and argued that B. orthotaeniawas not a synonym of B. orbignyanus, but instead a valid species and very probably a senior synonym of B. lundii, a point of view also supported by Géry & Mahnert (1992: 817). Howes (1982: 39)incorrectly remarked that the “River Cipo” is a tributary of the rio Itapicurú (an independent coastal river system in northern Bahia state, northeastern Brazil). However, the rio Cipó is actually a well-known tributary of the rio das Velhas (a tributary of the rio São Francisco) at Minas Gerais state, a region in fact visited by the collector of the holotype of Brycon orthotaenia, Cumberland(Lütken, 1875: 134, 225; 2001: 29, 114), and, oddly, the very same river basin from where the type-material of B. lundiiwas collected. FIGURE 52.Map of eastern Brazil, showing known localities of Brycon orthotaenia(red dots). Although neither the holotypeof Brycon orthotaenia(BMNH 1861.5.16.71) nor the syntypesof Brycon lundii(ZMUC 227, ZMUC 228-229, ZMUC 232; though Lütken, 1875: 225; 2001: 112, mentioned that he had a single specimen of this species) were directly examined in the present study, there is no doubt that, as earlier advanced by Lima(2003: 177–178)that both nominal species are synonymous. The examination of a photograph of the holotypeof Brycon orthotaenia, the good description of B. lundiiprovided by Lütken (1875, 2001), and a wealthy of specimens from the entire rio São Francisco examined in the present study allow us to conclude that the differences between Günther’s and Lütken’s description are in fact ascribable to different lateral-line scale count methods and loss of the inner symphyseal dentary teeth in the holotypeof B. orthotaenia. Valenciennes (1850: 252–253)described Chalceus carpophagabased on three syntypes, one of which said to be collected at “l’Amazone” by Castelnau. Castelnau (1855: 68), when referring to this specimen, mentioned that it was actually collected at the “rio de Sabara de la province de Minas Geraës”. The “rio de Sabara” is the rio das Velhas, thus this specimen was actually collected at the same river basin where the type specimens of Brycon orthotaeniaand B. lundiiwere collected. Lütken (1875: 225–226; 2001: 114–115) considered Castelnau’s (1855) Chalceus carpophagusas probably distinct from Brycon orthotaeniaand B. lundii. Howes (1982: 17)considered that Castelnau’s syntype of Chalceus carpophaguswas not conspecific with the remaining two syntypes but instead was probably a specimen of B. orthotaenia. Géry & Mahnert (1992: 816)selected as lectotype of Chalceus carpophagusthe syntype from the Essequibo River, and consequently the syntype collected by Castelnau at the rio das Velhas (MNHN A.8615) became a paralectotype. Géry & Mahnert (1992: 816–817)compared the data of this specimen with the data of the type material of both Brycon orthotaeniaand B. lundiiand agreed with Howes (1982)in considering it as probably a specimen of B. orthotaenia. The examination of this paralectotype allowed us to confirm that it is in fact a specimen of Brycon orthotaenia. Ecological notes.At the rio São Francisco basin, Brycon orthotaeniais sometimes found syntopically with the its congener B. nattereri, but contrary to this species it favors larger, low-gradient rivers. It is also commonly found in floodplain lakes ( Pompeu & Godinho, 2003a; Pompeu & Godinho, 2006). As other Bryconspecies, B. orthotaeniais recorded to be an omnivore, with a tendency towards herbivory. Lütken (1875: 224; 2001: 114) reported that Reinhardt found vegetal matter and seeds in two stomach contents. Pompeu & Godinho (2003b)examined 30 stomachs of Brycon orthotaeniaspecimens collected in marginal lagoons of the rio São Francisco and found it to be composed mainly of macrophytes and filamentous algae, with smaller amounts of aquatic insects, seeds and fruits. As most of its congeners, Brycon orthotaeniais a highly-fecund, total-spawner migratory fish (Sato et al., 2003), with a mean total fecundity of 400.000 eggs (Sato, Fenerich-Verani & Godinho, 2003). The breeding season is recorded in the rio São Francisco at Pirapora to be between October and January, with smallest recorded sizes of first maturity reported as being 32.0 cm TL for males and 40.5 cmTL for females (Gonçalves et al., 2003). Females are reported to grow larger than males and a maximum weigth of 7 kgis recorded for the species (Sato & Godinho, 2003). An analysis of microsatellites loci in populations of B. orthotaeniafrom below Três Marias dam by Sanches et al.(2012) indicated the presence of two distinct populations, which might indicate distinct sites of communal reproduction (“piracema”) for migratory schools of each population within a relatively small stretch of the rio São Francisco basin.
Conservation. Brycon orthotaeniais an important target of subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries in the rio São Francisco basin (Sato & Godinho, 2003). It was the third more captured species, and the fifth most important fish species in biomass in the fisheries of the rapids of Pirapora during 1999 ( Godinho et al., 2003). Though reported to be declining in the last decades (e.g., Sato & Godinho, 2003), it is still a common and widespread species in the undammed portion of the rio São Francisco river, i.e., between the Três Marias and Sobradinho reservoirs.
Materialexamined. Typematerial. BMNH1861.6.16.71, 330 mmSL: “ River Cipo” [= Rio Cipó, trib. Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, c. 18°41’S, 43°59’W]; Cumberland, no date (photographs only). Holotypeof Brycon orthotaeniaGünther. MNHNA.8615 ( 1, 314.1 mmSL): " Rio de Sabarade la province de Minas Geraës" (= Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio das Velhasat Sabará, 19°53'S, 43°48'W); F. Castelnau. Paralectotype of Chalceus carpophagusValenciennes(designated by Géry & Mahnert, 1992: 816). Non types. Brazil, rio São Franciscobasin. Minas Gerais: MZUSP18950(5, 173.8–248.0 mm SL): Três Mariasreservoir, rio São Francisco, c. 18°22’S, 45°17’W; CODEVASF, 1978. MZUSP 95402 (35, 3 sc, 90.5–230.8 mmSL): Três Marias, CODEVASF fish hatchery; O.T. Oyakawa et al., 4 Oct 2007. MZUSP95166(2, 153.0– 153.8 mmSL): Três Marias, rio São Francisco, immediately downstream Três Mariasreservoir, c. 18°10’S, 45°14’W; Y. Sato, 23 March 2007. MCP14119 (5, 175.8– 219.4 mmSL): Três Marias, rio São Francisco, between Três Marias and Pirapora; Y. Sato, Nov 1987. MZUSP1619( 1, 102.2 mmCP): Pirapora, rio São Francisco, 17°21’S, 44°57’W; E. Garbe, 1903. MNRJ47676( 1, 392.8 mmSL): Pirapora, rio São Francisco, 17°21’S, 44°57’W; G.S. Myers, P. Miranda-Ribeiro& A.L. Carvalho, Oct 1942. MZUSP73836(1, 275.0 mm SL): Lassance, rio das Velhasat the ferry, 17°54’45’’S, 44°34’20’’W; C.B.M. Alves& P.S. Pompeu, 17 Jun 1999. MCZ21268 ( 1, 167.2 mmSL): Riodas Velhas (precise locality unknown); O. St. John, 1865. MZUSP89514(1 skel., 181.6 mmSL): Pirapora, rio São Francisco, between Buritizeiro and Pirapora; A. Akama et al., 28 Aug 2004. MZUSP39728(19, 181.2– 319.3 mmSL): rio São Franciscoand tributaries, immediately below Pirapora, c. 17°4’S, 44°57’W; Y. Sato et al., Nov 1987– Aug 1988. MZUSP39693( 1, 230.7 mmSL), rio São Francisco, Pontal do Abaeté, c. 17°4’S, 44°57’W; Y. Sato et al., 22 Jul 1988. MZUSP94993( 1, 141.2 mmSL): São Romão, rio São Francisco, near Ribanceira village, 16°28’26’’S, 45°6’16’’W; F.C.T. Lima& M. Ribeiro, 23–25 Jun 2007. MNRJ18130(1, 323.0 mm SL): Palmital, rio Preto, trib. rio Paracatu, below Cachoeira de Queimados, Fazenda Mata, 16°12’35’’S, 47°13’54’’W; C. A. Figueiredo & D.F. Moraes Jr., 8 Jan 1998. MZUSP17018( 1, 206.8 mmSL): Buritis, ribeirão Confins(trib. rio Urucuia), 15°38’S, 46°22’W; P.E. Vanzolini, Oct 1964. ANSP171719( 1, 162.9 mmSL): RioEmpoeirado (lagoon) on road bewtween Pedra de Mariaand Januária, 15°33’56’’S, 44°24’6’’W; S. A. Schaefer et al., 13 Jul 1993. MNRJ15834(2, 188.2– 189.7 mmSL): Itacarambi, rio São Francisco, c. 15°6’S, 44°5’W; D.F. Moraes Jr.& J.C. Oliveira, 17 Aug 1990. MZUSP 42074 ( 1, 120.7 mmSL); MNRJ15866( 1, 122.2 mmSL): Manga, lagoon at Mocambinho, rio São Francisco, c. 15°4’S, 44°1’W; J.C. Oliveira& O.T. Oyakawa, 17–22 Jul 1990. MNRJ16065( 1, 139.9 mmSL): Manga, lagoa do Sossego, Mocambinho, c. 15°4’S, 44°1’W; D.F. Moraes Jr.& J.C. Oliveira, 23 Aug 1990. MNRJ14226(4, 104.0– 116.6 mmSL): Manga, rio Mocambinho, at mouth at the rio São Francisco, c. 15°4’S, 44°1’W; D.F. Moraes Jr.& J.C. Oliveira, 17 Aug 1990. MNRJ16345(2, 100.6– 105.1 mmSL): Manga, riacho Mocambinho, trib. rio São Francisco, Mocambinho, c. 15°4’S, 44°1’W; J.C. Oliveira et al., 6 Apr 1990. MNRJ16352( 1, 111.7 mmSL): Manga, lagoa de Mocambinho, rio São Franciscoright margin, c. 15°4’S, 44°1’W; J.C. Oliveira, 6 March 1990. MNRJ15856( 1, 138.5 mmSL), Manga, rio São Franciscoat ilha do Caju, below Mocambinho, c. 15°2’S, 44°0’W; D.F. Moraes Jr.& J.C. Oliveira, 21 Aug 1990. MNRJ15870( 1, 156.1 mmSL): Manga, lagoa do Cajueiro( rio São Francisco, right margin), below Mocambinho, c. 15°2’S, 44°0’W; D.F. Moraes Jr.& L.C. Alvarenga, Sept 1990. MNRJ16191( 1, 160.6 mmSL): Manga, lagoa do Caju, rio São Franciscoright margin, 4 kmbelow Mocambinho, c. 15°2’S, 44°0’W; D.F. Moraes& J.C. Oliveira, 23 Aug 1990. LISDEBE uncat. (1, 210.0 mm SL): Manga, rio Verde, trib. rio São Francisco, 5 kmfrom Gado Bravo, c. 14°44’S, 43°49’W; G.B. Santos, 7 April 1986. MNRJ16193(2, 127.7– 134.1 mmSL): rio Verde Grande, 5 kmfrom its mouth at the rio São Francisco, Minas Gerais/ Bahiaborder, c. 14°36’S, 43°52’W; D.F. Moraes& J.C. Oliveira, 23 Aug 1990.
Bahia: ZUEC9189(1, 168.0 mm SL): Carinhanha, rio Carinhanha(marginal lagoon), 14° 20’46’’S, 43°47’26’’W; G.N. Salvador& E. Estevam, 6 Oct 2014. MCP16676 ( 1, 157.1 mmSL): Bom Jesus da Lapa, riacho Santana, 31 kmS from Bom Jesus da Lapa, road to Malhada, 13°31’13’’S, 43°21’28’’W; R.E. Reis et al., 18 Jul 1993. UFPB2956(3 of 8, 1 cs, 89.0– 108.4 mmSL): riacho Pedra Branca, trib. rio Corrente, 31 kmE from Santa Maria da Vitória, c. 13°18’S, 43°51’W; G. G. Filho& R.S. Rosa, 6 April 1994. MZUSP94656( 1, 151.5 mmSL): Santa Maria da Vitória, rio Correnteat Santa Maria da Vitória, 13°24’S, 44°11’W; O.T. Oyakawa et al., 6 May 2007. MZUSP28796( 1, 154.1 mmSL): rio das Fêmeas, near Barreiras, c. 12°28’S, 45°13’W; M. A. Cestarolli & J. Camargo, 2–6 May 1985. MZUSP28771( 1, 140.8 mmSL): rio Desidério, São Desidério, 12°21’S, 44°58’W; M. A. Cestarolli & J. Camargo, 2–6 May 1985. MZUSP70220(4, 1 skel., 252.8–320.0 mm SL): Bahia, Barra, fish market, c. 11°6' S, 43°9’ W; O.T. Oyakawa et al., 10 April 2001. MZUSP98750(1, 92.2 mmSL): Barra, rio Grande, praia Cabeça de Touro, 11°6’8’’S, 43°9’26’’W; O.T. Oyakawa et al., 10 Apr 2001. NMW62941 (2, 248.0– 249.0 mm SL): rio São Francisco, Barra, 11°5’S, 43°8’W; F. Steindachner et al.(Austrian Expedition), March 1903. UMMZ216373( 1, 106.7 mmSL): Barra, rio São Francisco, 11°5’S, 43°8’W; J.R. Bailey, 8 Apr 1942. MZUSP18558( 1, 192.4 mmSL): Marcos, Remanso, Sobradinhoreservoir, c. 9°38’S, 42°4’W; S. F. Santos, 20 Jul 1975. MZUSP18666(2, 303.3– 324.8 mmSL): rio São Francisco, downstream Sobradinhoreservoir, c. 9°26’S, 40°47’W; J. Dias, 27 Sept 1976. MZUSP 2007 (13, 1 cs, 132.3–225.0 mm SL); CAS11822 (1, 243.0 mm SL): rio São Francisco, between Juazeiro and Barra; E. Garbe, 1908. FMNH56814(2, 182.0–212.0 mm SL): Juazeiro, rio São Francisco, 9°24’S, 40°30’W; J.D. Haseman, 28 Nov 1907. UMMZ216349(1, 85.3 mmSL): Juazeiro, small oxbow ponds on E (downstream edge of town), c. 9°24’S, 40°30’W; J.R. Bailey& J.M. de Oliveira, 18 Apr 1942. Pernambuco: UMMZ147396(2, 142.1– 148.7 mmSL): Santa Maria da Boa Vista, “ Lake Aripos”, c. 8°48’S, 39°49’W; R.S. Menezes, c. 1945. MZUSP3797(3, 83.5–135.1 mmSL): rio São Francisco(precise locality unknow); A. P. Marques, 1941. Localityuncertain (see Distribution): Piauí: MCZ21268 (2, 152.3– 167.2 mmSL): “ rio Puty, Therezina” ( rio Poti, tributary of rio Parnaíbaat Teresina, 5°5’S, 42°49’W); O. St. John, Dec 1865.
1425222284
BMNH
Material & Rio das Velhas
Brazil
-18.683332
River Cipo
1274
-43.983334
Rio Cipo
87
88
BMNH 1861.6
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222286
MNHN
Rio de Sabara & de Minas Geraes & das Velhas
Brazil
-19.883333
Cumberland
1270
-43.8
Sabara
87
88
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222281
MZUSP
Brazil
rio Sao Francisco
-18.366667
rio Sao Francisco
1275
-45.283333
Tres Marias
87
88
MZUSP 18950
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222298
2007-03-23
MZUSP
Y. Sato
Brazil
Tres Marias
88
89
-18.166666
Tres Marias
1276
-45.233334
rio Sao Francisco
87
88
MZUSP 95166
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222313
1987-11
MCP
Tres Marias & Y. Sato
Brazil
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222310
MZUSP
E. Garbe
Brazil
-17.35
rio Sao Francisco
1279
-44.95
Pirapora
88
89
MZUSP 1619
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222302
1942-10
MNRJ
G. S. Myers & P. Miranda-Ribeiro
Brazil
-17.35
rio Sao Francisco
1279
-44.95
Pirapora
88
89
MNRJ 47676
1
A
holotype
1425222311
1999-06-17
MZUSP
das Velhas & C. B. M. Alves & P. S. Pompeu
Brazil
-17.9125
Lassance
21
-44.57222
88
89
MZUSP 73836
1
A
holotype
1425222306
MCZ
O. St. John
Brazil
St. John
88
89
1
Rio
holotype
1425222291
2004-08-28
MZUSP
Pirapora
Brazil
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
MZUSP 89514
1
A
holotype
1425222317
1987-11
MZUSP
Y. Sato
Brazil
-17.066668
Pirapora
1279
-44.95
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
MZUSP 39728
1
A
holotype
1425222301
1988-07-22
MZUSP
Y. Sato
Brazil
-17.066668
Pontal do Abaete
1279
-44.95
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
MZUSP 39693
1
A
holotype
1425222320
MZUSP
F. L. Castelnau
Brazil
Sao Romao
-16.47389
Ribanceira village
21
-45.104443
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
MZUSP 94993
1
A
holotype
1425222299
2007-06-23
2007-06-25
2007-06-23
MNRJ
M. Ribeiro & Cachoeira de Queimados
Brazil
Palmital
-16.209723
rio Paracatu
21
-47.231667
rio Preto
88
89
MNRJ 18130
1
Lima
holotype
1425222318
[494,1021,583,608]
1998-01-08
D. F. Moraes Jr.
Brazil
A
88
89
1
A
holotype
1425222309
1964-10
MZUSP
P. E. Vanzolini
Brazil
Buritis
-15.633333
rio Urucuia
1284
-46.366665
Confins
88
89
MZUSP 17018
1
A
holotype
1425222314
ANSP
Pedra de Maria
Brazil
-15.565556
Rio
21
-44.40167
88
89
ANSP 171719
1
Rio
holotype
1425222322
1993-07-13
Brazil
A
88
89
1
A
holotype
1425222312
1990-08-17
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes Jr. & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
-15.1
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.083332
Itacarambi
88
89
MNRJ 15834
1
A
holotype
1425222321
1990-07-17
1990-07-22
1990-07-17
MNRJ
J. C. Oliveira & O. T. Oyakawa
Brazil
Manga
-15.066667
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.016666
Mocambinho
88
89
MNRJ 15866
1
A
holotype
1425222303
1990-08-23
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes Jr. & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
Manga
-15.066667
Mocambinho
1286
-44.016666
Sossego
88
89
MNRJ 16065
1
A
holotype
1425222300
1990-08-17
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes Jr. & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
Manga
-15.066667
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.016666
rio Mocambinho
88
89
MNRJ 14226
1
A
holotype
1425222307
1990-04-06
MNRJ
J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
Manga
-15.066667
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.016666
Mocambinho
88
89
MNRJ 16345
1
A
holotype
1425222315
1990-03-06
MNRJ
de Mocambinho & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
-15.066667
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.016666
Manga
88
89
MNRJ 16352
1
A
holotype
1425222319
1990-08-21
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes Jr. & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
Manga
-15.033334
ilha do Caju
1286
-44.0
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
MNRJ 15856
1
A
holotype
1425222308
1990-09
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes Jr. & L. C. Alvarenga
Brazil
Manga
-15.033334
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.0
Cajueiro
88
89
MNRJ 15870
1
A
holotype
1425222304
1990-08-23
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
Manga
-15.033334
rio Sao Francisco
1286
-44.0
Caju
88
89
MNRJ 16191
1
A
holotype
1425222305
1986-04-07
G. B. Santos
Brazil
Manga
-14.733334
rio Sao Francisco
1287
-43.816666
rio Verde
88
89
1
A
holotype
1425222324
1990-08-23
MNRJ
D. F. Moraes & J. C. Oliveira
Brazil
-14.6
rio Sao Francisco
1287
-43.866665
rio Verde Grande
88
89
MNRJ 16193
1
Minas Gerais
holotype
1425222338
2014-10-06
ZUEC
E. Estevam
El Salvador
-14.34611
rio Carinhanha
21
-43.790554
Carinhanha
88
89
ZUEC 9189
1
Bahia
1425222335
MCP
Bom Jesus da Lapa
El Salvador
Bom Jesus da Lapa
-13.520278
Bom Jesus da Lapa
21
-43.357777
Santana
88
89
1
Bahia
1425222328
1993-07-18
UFPB
R. E. Reis & Santa Maria da Vitoria
El Salvador
Pedra Branca
-13.3
Santa Maria da Vitoria
1291
-43.85
rio Corrente
88
89
UFPB 2956
1
Bahia
1425222334
1994-04-06
MZUSP
G. G. Filho & R. S. Rosa & Santa Maria da Vitoria
El Salvador
Santa Maria da Vitoria
-13.4
Santa Maria da Vitoria
1291
-44.183334
rio Corrente
88
89
MZUSP 94656
1
Bahia
1425222327
2007-05-06
MZUSP
O. T. Oyakawa & das Femeas
El Salvador
-12.466666
Barreiras
1293
-45.216667
88
89
MZUSP 28796
1
Bahia
1425222316
1985-05-02
1985-05-06
1985-05-02
MZUSP
J. Camargo
El Salvador
-12.35
Sao Desiderio
1293
-44.966667
rio Desiderio
88
89
MZUSP 28771
1
A
1425222346
[151,670,1591,1616]
1985-05-02
1985-05-06
1985-05-02
J. Camargo
El Salvador
A
88
89
1
A
1425222326
2001-04-10
MZUSP
O. T. Oyakawa
El Salvador
-11.1
Barra
1296
-43.15
88
89
MZUSP 70220
1
Bahia
1425222343
2001-04-10
MZUSP
Cabeca de Touro & O. T. Oyakawa
El Salvador
-11.102222
Cabeca de Touro
21
-43.157223
Barra
88
89
MZUSP 98750
1
rio Grande
1425222323
NMW
El Salvador
-11.083333
Barra
1296
-43.133335
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
1
rio Grande
1425222342
1903-03
UMMZ
F. Steindachner
El Salvador
-11.083333
rio Sao Francisco
1296
-43.133335
Barra
88
89
UMMZ 216373
1
rio Grande
1425222336
1942-04-08
MZUSP
J. R. Bailey
El Salvador
Marcos
-9.633333
Sobradinho
1299
-42.066666
Remanso
88
89
MZUSP 18558
1
rio Grande
1425222339
1975-07-20
MZUSP
S. F. Santos
El Salvador
-9.433333
Sobradinho
1299
-40.783333
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
MZUSP 18666
1
rio Grande
1425222345
CAS
E. Garbe
El Salvador
rio Sao Francisco
88
89
1
rio Grande
1425222337
1907-11-28
FMNH
J. D. Haseman
El Salvador
-9.4
rio Sao Francisco
1300
-40.5
Juazeiro
88
89
FMNH 56814
1
rio Grande
1425222347
1942-04-18
UMMZ
J. R. Bailey & J. M. de Oliveira
El Salvador
-9.4
Juazeiro
1300
-40.5
88
89
UMMZ 216349
1
rio Grande
1425222329
UMMZ
Santa Maria da Boa Vista
89
90
-8.8
Lake Aripos
1300
-39.816666
Santa Maria da Boa Vista
88
89
UMMZ 147396
1
Pernambuco
1425222325
MZUSP
R. S. Menezes
rio Sao Francisco
89
90
MZUSP 3797
1
A
1425222333
1865-12
MCZ
O. St. John
Locality
-5.0833335
rio Puty
1305
-42.816666
Distribution
89
90
1
Piaui