Hidden diversity in deep-water bandfishes: review of Owstonia with descriptions of twenty-one new species (Teleostei: Cepolidae: Owstoniinae) Smith-Vaniz, William F. Johnson, David Zootaxa 2016 4187 1 1 103 [151,384,1365,1391] Actinopterygii Cepolidae Owstonia Animalia Perciformes 39 40 Chordata species contodon sp. nov.     Holotype. PNM15193 (ex  USNM438011), 165 mmSL, female, Philippines, IloiloProv., Panay Island, found in IloiloCity "super" fish market, exact locality and depth of capture unknown (vendor stated that he received the shipment containing these fresh fish from Palawan); Exped.  Philippines2015 FDASurvey, PHIL-2015‒15; tissue voucher number PHI-401;  23 Jul. 2015; J. T. Williams, K. Carpenter, M. Mendiola, M.  Floresand D. Carpenter.    Paratypes. 7 specimens, 146‒303 mmSL, all from the Philippines:  MNHN 2002–2971(1, 146), Philippines,  Leyte Island, 11°42'3.6"N, 121°45'10.8"E, beam trawl in  205–214 m, Exped. MUSORSTOM 3, sta. 143,  Jun. 1985;  USNM438013(1, 162), same collection data as holotype; USNM 437757 (1, 303), USNM 437759 (1, 260), USNM 437761 (1, 240), USNM 437766 (1, 262), USNM 437775 (1, 193), same collection data as holotype except PHIL- 2015‒07, 17 Jul. 2015.   Diagnosis.A species of  Owstoniawith LL pattern type1; dorsal-fin spines IV, 21‒23; anal-fin spines II, 16; oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 47‒53; preopercle lower limb margin with about 8−11 spines; dark premaxillary stripe.   Description.(When counts vary, those of the paratypesare given in parentheses.) A species of  Owstoniawith LL pattern type1, consisting of a simple lateral line that originates from posttemporal sensory canal near anterodorsal margin of gill opening, curves upward and backward then continues posteriorly just below dorsal-fin base to soft rays 21 (20−23). Dorsal fin IV, 23; anal fin II, 16; pectoral fin 20 (20−21); gill rakers 17 (16-18) +33 (32−35) = 50 (48−53). Vertebrae: precaudal 11, caudal 18, total 29; anal-fin pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 3. Oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series about 47/51 (48−53); nape scaly and cheek scale rows 4−5. Preopercle lower limb margin with about 8−11 spines ( Fig. 8A). Pattern of papillae in slight depression behind tip of premaxillary ascending processes not clearly discernible, although small papillae can be seen in some specimens. Teeth in outer row of each premaxilla 27/30 (29−33), no inner teeth. Teeth in lateral row of each dentary teeth 20/23 (18−25) including a few at anterior end that continue behind symphyseal teeth; symphyseal teeth 4−6, relatively short and peg-like, and with 2−4 inner teeth anteriorly. Pelvic fin long, depressed fin extending to anal-fin soft rays 4‒7, except to behind last ray in largest 303 mmSL (male). Caudal fin lanceolate. Caudal fin 1.4‒2.1 times in SL; head 3.7‒5.4 times in SL; body depth at anal-fin origin 4.2‒5.1 times in SL.   FIGURE 29.  Owstonia contodon, USNM 437757, male, 303 mm SL, Philippines, Palawan. Photograph by Jeffrey T. Williams.   FIGURE 30.  Owstonia contodon, holotype, NPM 15193, female, 165 mm SL, Philippines, Palawan. Photograph by Jeffrey T. Williams. Color pattern in alcohol: Adults with dorsal fin uniformly pale; membrane connecting maxilla and premaxilla with prominent black stripe extending to near anterior end of premaxilla, and inner membrane covering posterior part of dentary also black. In fresh specimens, upper part of head and body reddish orange becoming grayish purple to white below; dorsal, anal and caudal fins orange-red; pectoral fin pink to orange- red and pelvic fins pink or gray with elongate outermost ray paler; iris reddish orange. Proportions of 165 mmSL holotypeare given first, followed by those of 7 paratypes, 145–303 mmSL (in parentheses), as percentages of SL: predorsal length 30.0 (18.5−25.8); preanal length 46.0 (23.6−52.0); dorsal-fin base 60.9 (66.7−71.0); anal-fin base 39.1 (36.3−41.6); pelvic-fin length 39.0, in 6 presumed females 145−262 mmSL (34.9‒46.0) and in 1 male 303 mmSL (84.8); caudal-fin length 66.1 (46.6−71.0); body depth at anal-fin origin 23.9 (19.4−23.6); head length 25.8 (18.7−26.8); upper jaw length 12.2 (9.8−12.4); upper jaw depth 5.7 (4.4−6.2); orbit diameter 9.3 (6.6−10.3). As percentages of head length: upper jaw length 47.2 (46.2−52.7); orbit diameter 36.2 (34.9−38.5).  Comparisons.The following three species with LL pattern type1 have and the same number of dorsal- and anal-fin spines as those of  O. contodonbut differ (with characters for  O. contodongiven in parentheses) as follows: all three have fewer oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series, 27‒38 (vs. 47−53);  Owstonia hastatafurther differs in having anal fin II, 14 (vs. II, 16) and more precaudal vertebrae and pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 13 and 5 respectively (vs. 11 and 3);  O. sibogaehas cheek scale rows 3 (vs. 4−5) and a shorter premaxillay stripe, extending only about 2/3 length of premaxilla (vs. long premaxillary stripe, extending entire length of premaxilla);  O. elongatausually has anal-fin spines I (exceptionally II, see Table 4) (vs. II), cheek scale rows 3 (vs. 4) and more precaudal vertebrae and pterygiophores anterior to 1st haemal spine 16 and 8 respectively (vs. 11 and 3).   Etymology.The specific epithet is a combination of the Greek kontos(short) and odon(tooth), in reference to the peg-like symphyseal dentary teeth ( Fig. 10A).   Distribution.( Fig. 23) Known only from the Philippines. Collected from Leyte Island, where trawled in 205– 214 m; holotypeand other paratypesreportedly caught off Negros Oriental. Photographs seen by us of other specimens (not retained) taken by Abner Bucol at Dumaguete fish market were reportedly collected from the local area. 1416599789 PNM, USNM Philippines Exped Panay Island 39 40 USNM 438011 1 Iloilo holotype 1416599794 2015-07-23 FDA J. T. Williams & K. Carpenter & M. Mendiola Philippines Philippines 39 40 1 holotype 1416599807 [1131,1406,1577,1602] D. Carpenter. Indonesia Flores 39 40 1 holotype 1416599797 [199,1291,1613,1638] MNHN Philippines Philippines 39 40 MNHN 2002-2971 7 paratype 1416599790 1985-06 USNM Iceland 209 11.701 Leyte 1 121.753 39 40 USNM 438013 1 Leyte holotype