Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales) Rio, Cédric Del Stull, Gregory W. Franceschi, Dario De European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-05-14 645 1 130 E. Mey. ex Arn. Arn. [586,1002,1641,1668] Magnoliopsida Icacinaceae Apodytes Plantae Icacinales 108 109 Tracheophyta species dimidiata    Material examined  Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description   MADAGASCAR• 1997;  R. Ranaivojaonaet al.114; P[ MNHN-P-P05279728].  Other material   MADAGASCAR• 1992;  S.T. Malcomberet al. 1212; P[ MNHN-P-P00379386]• 1933;  H. Perrier de la Bâthie19254; P[ MNHN-P-P00440680]• 2009;  M.Y. Ammann, M.C. Madiomanana& A.J. Tahinarivo MYA495; P[ MNHN-P-P05279690].   KENYA• 2000;  G. Simon, L. Festo& G. Massawe527; P[ MNHN-P-P04499342].    Description FRUIT. Black when dry, laterally compressed and elongate dorsally. Ventrally truncate, with a fleshy appendage (red but black in dry condition) attached at the truncate part. Epicarp glabrous, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca 80–100 µmthick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length ca 6 mm, width ca 10 mm, thickness ca 3 mm. ENDOCARP. Brown, bilaterally symmetrical, unilocular, single-seeded, globose-truncate in lateral view, length ca 5.5 mm, width ca 7.6 mm. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with rounded diffuse and thin ridges, with ca 10 lateral ridges. Vasculature of the endocarp free; primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall 177–266 µmthick (excluding ridges). A sclerotic mass, ca 1.3 mmthick, is developed from the wall in the truncate part of the endocarp. Endocarp wall with sclerotic cells, with two cell layers: outermost layer with 4–7 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells 29–86 µmin length; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 13.0– 16.5 µmin width, lining the locule surface, forming ripples (the cells have a triangular shape).    Remarks The sclerotic mass in the truncate part could be a mechanical reinforcement due to the connection of this part with the fleshy appendage. 2620302488 [189,1128,1826,1854] P R. Ranaivojaona Madagascar MADAGASCAR 108 109 MNHN-P-P05279728 1 2620302357 [189,1118,1928,1956] P S. T. Malcomber Madagascar MADAGASCAR 108 109 MNHN-P-P00379386 1 2620302326 P H. Perrier de la Bathie 108 109 MNHN-P-P00440680 1 2620302356 P M. Y. Ammann & M. C. Madiomanana & A. J. Tahinarivo 108 109 MYA495, MNHN-P-P05279690 1 2620302368 [189,1158,267,294] P G. Simon & L. Festo & G. Massawe Kenya KENYA 109 110 MNHN-P-P04499342 1