Akamboja gen. nov., a new genus of railroad-worm beetle endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest, with five new species (Coleoptera: Phengodidae, Mastinocerinae)
Roza, André Silva
Quintino, Hingrid Yara Souza
Mermudes, José Ricardo Miras
Silveira, Luiz Felipe Lima Da
Zootaxa
2017
4306
4
501
523
Roza & Quintino & Mermudes & Silveira, 2017
Roza & Quintino & Mermudes & Silveira
2017
[151,399,692,718]
Insecta
Phengodidae
Akamboja
Animalia
Coleoptera
4
505
Arthropoda
species
minimum
sp. nov.
Etymology. minimumis an adjective, and means small in Latin. It is a reference to the small size of the species compared to the others of the genus. Name in apposition.
Diagnosis.Eyes occupying two thirds of head width, in lateral view ( Fig. 4). Apical maxillary palpomere 3.5x longer than subapical ( Fig. 4). Vertex occupying? of head in dorsal view ( Fig. 5). Elytron reaching the anterior margin of the third abdominal segment ( Fig. 1).
Description, male. Measurements(n=31): Total length: 3.3–3.8 mm(aver. 3.6 mm). Head length: 0.5–0.6 mm(aver. 0.5 mm). Head width: 0.5–0.7 mm(aver. 0.6 mm). Pronotum length: 0.4–0.6 mm(aver. 0.5 mm). Pronotum maximum length: 0.4–0.6 (aver. 0.5 mm). Elytron length: 1.1–1.3 mm(aver. 1.2 mm). Elytron maximum width: 0.3–0.4 mm(aver. 0.3 mm). Elytral spot length: 0.2 mm. Morphology: Eyes occupying two thirds of head width, in lateral view ( Fig. 4). Vertex occupying? of head in dorsal view ( Fig. 5). Apical maxillary palpomere 3.5x longer than subapical ( Fig. 4). Head wider than long. Elytron 3.5 to 4xlonger than wide ( Fig. 1), reaching the anterior margin of the third abdominal segment, apical spot occupying the apical sixth of the elytron ( Fig. 1). Coloration.Body overall light brown. Pronotum dark to light brown. Elytron almost black to light brown, apex pale yellow, sometimes light brown. Wing venation black to light brown. Immatures and females.Unknown
Biology and distribution. Akamboja minimun sp. nov.seems to occur only during spring and summer. It inhabits low altitudinal areas of Teresópolis, on the Serra dos Órgãos, in the Serra do Mar mountain range, from 250 to 860 m. It is found on lower montane forest and partially the montane forest.
Remarks.This species resembles Akamboja monteirorum sp. nov., but can be distinguished by its shorter size and elytron (the elytron of Akamboja minimum sp. nov.reaches the anterior margin of the second abdominal segment, while in Akamboja monteirorum sp. nov.it reaches the posterior margin of the third), bigger vertex (smaller in Akamboja monteirorum sp. nov.)and its occurrence in low altitude (high altitude occurrence in Akamboja monteirorum sp. nov.). Akamboja minimum sp. nov.occurs in lower montane forest (below 800 m) and partially on the montane forest (beginning in 600 m), while Akamboja monteirorum sp. nov.occurs only in montane forest (from 1280 mto 1442 m).
Typematerial. Holotype(male): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro. Teresópolis. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos.PVE Pt.4A, 22° 28’ 36.1” S, 42° 59’ 31.3” W, 563m, XII.2014, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ) Paratypes(all males): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro. Teresópolis. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. PVE Pt. 2A, 22° 31’ 0” S, 43° 0’ 23.6” W, 252m, 3 males, XII.2014, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); PVE Pt. 2B, 22° 30’ 2.1” S, 43° 0’ 22.2” W, 248m, 4 males, XII.2014, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); PVE Pt. 3A, 22° 29’ 40.8” S, 42° 59’ 53.9” W, 360m, 1 male, XII.2014, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); PVE Pt. 4A, 22° 28’ 36.1” S, 42° 59’ 31.3” W, 563m, 10 males, XII.2014, R. FIGURES 1–6. Akamboja minimum sp. nov.1habitus, dorsal. 2habitus, lateral. 3antenna, lateral. 4head and pronotum, lateral. 5head and pronotum, dorsal. 6head, ventral. FIGURES 7–8. Akamboja minimum sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. 7head, frontal. 8clypeus and mandibles, frontal. FIGURES 9–10. Akamboja minimum sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. 9maxillary palpi, last palpomere. 10antenna, two last segments. FIGURES 11–12. Akamboja minimum sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. 11head, ventral. 12tentorial pit, close. FIGURES 13–16. Akamboja minimum sp. nov.13meso and metathorax, lateral. 14meso and metathorax, ventral. 15elytron, dorsal. 16hind wing, dorsal. FIGURES 17–18. Akamboja minimum sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. 17protarsus, first tarsomere, comb, ventral. 18protarsus, first tarsomere, comb, ventral, close. FIGURES 19–20. Akamboja minimum sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. 19protarsus, claw, ventral. 20tooth of claw, close. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); idem, 2 males, III.2015, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); PVE Pt.4B, 22° 28’ 35.1” S, 42° 59’ 29” W, 544m, 1 male, III.2015, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ); PVE Pt.5A, 22° 28’ 38.3” S, 42° 59’ 45.6” W, 699m, 2 males, XII. 2014, R. Monteirocol. ( MZSP); PVE Pt.5B, 22° 28’ 37.6” S, 42° 59’ 45.5” W, 691m, 5 males, XII.2014, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ); idem, 2 males (MZSP); PVE Pt.6B, 22° 28’ 11” S, 43° 0’ 5.3” W, 868m, 1 male, XII.2014, R. Monteirocol. (dissected) ( DZRJ). Rio de Janeiro. Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Malaise 2, 22°57.269’S, 43°17.923’W, 814m, 3 males, Silveira, Mermudes& Clarcksoncol ( DZRJ). Akamboja cleidae sp. nov.Roza, Quintino, Mermudes & Silveira ( Figs 23–26and 42)
Etymology.The name is in honor of the biologist Cleide Costa, a great researcher who largely contributed to the knowledge of bioluminescent beetles, including phengodids. Singular genitive, feminine.
Diagnosis.Eyes occupying half head width, in lateral view ( Fig. 25). Last maxillary palpomere 4.5x longer than the previous one ( Fig. 25).
Description, male. Measurements(n=23): Total length: 4.2–4.8 mm(aver. 4.5 mm). Head length: 0.6–0.7 mm(aver. 0.65 mm). Head width: 0.6–0.7 mm(aver. 0.6 mm). Pronotum length: 0.5–0.6 mm(aver. 0.6 mm). Pronotum maximum length: 0.5–0.6 (aver. 0.6 mm). Elytron length: 1.5–1.9 mm(aver. 1.7 mm). Elytron maximum width: 0.3–0.4 mm(aver. 0.4 mm). Elytral spot length: 0.2–0.3 mm(aver. 0.25 mm). Morphology:Eyes occupying half head width, in lateral view ( Fig. 25). Vertex occupying? of head in dorsal view ( Fig. 26). Last maxillary palpomere 4.5x longer than the previous one ( Fig. 25). Elytron 4– 5xlonger than wide, reaching the second or third abdominal segment, elytral apical spot occupying the sixth to seventh part of the elytron ( Fig. 23). FIGURES 21–22. Akamboja minimum sp. nov., Scanning electron micrographs. 21aedeagus, frontal. 22aedeagus, tip, dorsolateral. Coloration.Body overall light brown. Pronotum dark to light brown. Elytron almost black to light brown, apex pale yellow, sometimes light brown. Wing venation black to light brown. Immatures and females.Unknown
Biology and distribution. Akamboja cleidae sp. nov.seems to occur only during spring and summer, except for one specimen collected during autumn. It inhabits high altitudinal areas of Teresópolis, on the Serra dos Órgãos, São José do Barreiro, on the Serra da Bocaina, Paranapiacaba, on the Serra de Paranapiacaba (all part of the Serra do Mar mountain range) and Itatiaia, on the Itatiaia massif on Serra da Mantiqueira mountain range, from 950 to 1850 m. It is found on montane forest, high montane forest and ombrophilous dense forest.
Remarks.This species occurs on both the Serra do Mar and the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain ranges, always on higher altitudes than both Akamboja minimum sp. nov.and Akamboja monteirorum sp. nov.(species that resemble Akamboja cleidae sp. nov.), on montane and high montane forest. It presents significant differences between the specimens in each region. The specimens of Itatiaia and Bocainahave larger body and longer elytron, about 1.2x the size of specimens from the Teresópolis’ sampling. In Teresópolis the species seems to occur from 900mto 1400mof altitude. At Itatiaia and Bocainait occurs on higher altitudes, beginning from 1400 and reaching almost 1900m. In addition, the populations have a disjunct distribution, isolated by an unsuitable environmental matrix consisting of lowland forests, whereas the populations herein recognized occur in montane forests. Wiens and Graham (2005)suggested that such distribution should be taken as an evidence of allopatric speciation and phylogenetic niche conservatism of climatic ranges. However, evidence was not enough to recognize populations as two or three different species. Future studies should address the question of species identity and delimitation. It is also noteworthy that one specimen of Akamboja cleidae sp. nov.has the branches of the antennomere IX of the left antenna separated, while the right one is fused. We interpret this as an atavic malformation.
Typematerial. Holotype(male): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro.Teresópolis. Parque Nacional da Serrados Órgãos.PVE Pt.10B, 22° 26’ 51” S, 43° 0’ 46.4” W, 1444 m, 1 male, XII.2014, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ). Paratypes(all males): BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro.Teresópolis. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos. PENSA RIOPt.2, 22° 25’ 59,6” S, 44° 37’ 39,7” W, 1280 m, 2 males, 29.V.2013, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); idem, 1 male, 26.X.2013, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ); PENSA RIOPt.3, 22° 26’ 55,6” S, 43° 0’ 44,3” W, 1250m, 1 male, 31.VIII.2013, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ); PVE Pt.7A, 22° 27’ 29.1” S, 42° 59’ 11.4” W, 957m, 1 male, XII.2014, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); PVE Pt.9B, 22° 26’ 57.8” S, 43° 0’ 13.7” W, 1236 m, 2 males, XII.2014, R. Monteirocol. ( MZSP); Itatiaia. Parque Nacional de Itatiaia. PENSA RIOPt. 3, 22°25’42.6’’ S, 44°37’42,2’’ W, 1442 m, 2 males, 7.VII.2013, Monteiro e Macedo col. (MZSP); idem, 1 male, 16.I.2014, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); PENSA RIOPt.5, 22° 25’ 01,0” S, 44° 38’ 32,9” W, 1846 m, 6 males, 9.VIII.2013, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); idem, 1 male, 12.X.2013, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); idem, 2 males, 26.XII.2013, R. Monteiro col. (DZRJ); idem, 2 males, 12. II.2015, R. Monteirocol. ( DZRJ); São Paulo.São José do Barreiro. Parque Nacional da Serrada Bocaina. Cachoeira do Lajeado, 22° 42’ 48,9” S, 44° 37’ 17,6” W, 1557 m, 1 male, 10–13.XII.2011, J. Nessimian& A. Oliveiracol. ( DZRJ); Paranapiacaba. Rebio Alto da Serra Paranapiacaba. 23°46’38,4’’S, 46°18’45,3’’W, Malaise, 1 male, 13VIII–19.IX.2009, Lamas, Nihei e Eq.col ( DZRJ); Idem, 1 male (MZSP).
1586208317
[199,913,1772,1797]
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
4
505
2
Rio de Janeiro
holotype
1586208302
2014-12
DZRJ
Teresopolis. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgaos. & Pt. & R. Monteiro
Brazil
563
-22.476694
Rio de Janeiro
1
-42.992027
4
505
1
Rio de Janeiro
paratype
1586208299
2015-03
DZRJ
R. Monteiro
544
-22.476418
Pt.
14
-42.99139
11
512
1
1
1586208300
2014-12
MZSP
R. Monteiro
699
-22.477306
Pt.
1
-42.996
11
512
2
2
1586208308
2014-12
DZRJ
R. Monteiro
691
-22.477112
Pt.
1
-42.99597
11
512
5
5
1586208320
2014-12
DZRJ
R. Monteiro
868
-22.469723
Pt.
15
-43.001472
11
512
1
1
1586208315
DZRJ
Silveira & Mermudes & Clarckson
814
-22.954483
Rio de Janeiro
1
-43.298717
11
512
3
3
Rio de Janeiro
1586208316
2014-12
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro. Teresopolis. Parque Nacional da Serra
1444
-22.447498
Pt.
15
-43.01289
Orgaos.
13
514
1
1
Rio de Janeiro
holotype
1586208310
DZRJ
R. Monteiro
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
13
514
1
Rio de Janeiro
paratype
1586208321
2013-05-29
PENSA, RIO
Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgaos.
Brazil
1280
-22.433222
RIO Pt.
1
-44.627693
13
514
2
2
Rio de Janeiro
paratype
1586208309
2013-08-31
DZRJ, PENSA, RIO
R. Monteiro
Brazil
1250
-22.448776
RIO Pt.
1
-43.012306
13
514
1
1
Rio de Janeiro
paratype
1586208305
[311,1436,2009,2034]
2014-12
DZRJ
R. Monteiro
Brazil
957
-22.458084
Pt.
1
-42.9865
13
514
1
1
Rio de Janeiro
paratype
1586208313
2014-12
MZSP
R. Monteiro
1236
-22.449389
Pt.
1
-43.003807
14
515
2
2
1586208304
[257,843,188,213]
PENSA, RIO
Itatiaia. Parque Nacional de Itatiaia.
RIO Pt
14
515
1
1586208307
[1235,1414,223,248]
PENSA, RIO
RIO Pt
14
515
1
1586208303
2015-02-12
DZRJ
R. Monteiro
Sao Paulo. Sao Jose do Barreiro. Parque Nacional da Serra
14
515
2
2
Sao Paulo
1586208323
2011-12-10
2011-12-13
2011-12-10
DZRJ
J. Nessimian & A. Oliveira
1557
-22.713585
Cachoeira do Lajeado
1
-44.621555
14
515
1
1
Sao Paulo
1586208319
2009-08-13
2009-09-19
2009-08-13
DZRJ
Malaise & Eq.
-23.777332
Paranapiacaba. Rebio Alto da Serra Paranapiacaba.
1
-46.312584
14
515
1
1
Sao Paulo