Galaxias olidus G. olidus Günther, 1866 Koehn, 1987: 3 Galaxias sp. 2 Davies et al. , 2008: 338 Gilligan et al. , 2010: 7 Galaxias sp. 3 Kuiter, 2013: 44 Fifteen from one: a revision of the Galaxias olidus Günther, 1866 complex (Teleostei, Galaxiidae) in south-eastern Australia recognises three previously described taxa and describes 12 new species Raadik, Tarmo A. Zootaxa 2014 2014-12-18 3898 1 1 198 Raadik, 2014 Raadik 2014 [151,363,1869,1895] Actinopterygii Galaxiidae Galaxias Animalia Osmeriformes 36 37 Chordata species arcanus sp. nov.   Tables 4to 9, 12 to 14; Figs. 8to 11     Galaxias olidus(non  G. olidus Günther, 1866)—  Koehn, 1987: 3; Morison & Anderson, 1991( partim); Lintermans, 1998: sites 36 and 47 ( partim) and 57; Raadik et al., 2001: 115, 116–117 ( partim), 122 ( partim), 123, 124 ( partim), 125, 126 ( partim); Koehn, 2002( partim); Pollino et al., 2004( partim); Lintermans, 2007: 44( partim).    Galaxias sp.nov.–Raadik, 2001: 785, top image p. 786.     Galaxiassp. 2— Sowersby, 2007;  Davies et al., 2008: 338;  Gilligan et al., 2010: 7, Lieschke et al.,2013a,b.    Galaxiassp. 3—  Kuiter, 2013: 44. Conforms to the allozymically defined and morphologically diagnosed taxon ‘RF’ of Adams et al.(2014), and ‘riffle’ of Raadik (2011).  Material Examined.    Holotype.NMV A.30568-3, 86.3 mmLCF ( 74.9 mmSL), female, Wheelers Creek, just upstream of bridge on  Wheelers CreekLogging Roadand junction with Zulu Creek, upstream of O’Hagens Campsite, south of Staceys Bridge, Victoria, 36° 32' 23”S 147° 49' 44”E, T.A. Raadikand J. Lyon,  1 April 2008.    Paratypes. NSW:AMS I.32711-002 (4), 50.3–71.2 mmLCF ( 44.7–62.6 mmSL), Murray River, off Murray RiverRoad, just upstream from junction with Corryong Creek, upstream from Tintaldra, 36° 05' 23”S 147° 59' 00”E, M. Lintermans,  12 March 1992; NMV A.30464-1 (1) 81.7 mmLCF ( 74.5 mmSL), Murray River,  50 mupstream from The Poplarscampsite at end of Limestone CreekTrack, Alpine National Park, 36° 46' 42”S 148° 06' 25”E, T.A. Raadikand V. Caracher,  22 March 2005.  VIC:AMS I.44935-001 (3), 60.3–63.4 mmLCF ( 52.1–55.5 mmSL), NMV A.30393-5 (12), 56.3–77.3 mmLCF (50.0– 68.2 mmSL), Corryong Creek, at bridge on Briggs Gap Road, north-west of Corryong, 36° 10' 28”S 147° 51' 52”E, T.A. Raadik,  18 March 2002; NMV A.30420-1 (18), 55.3–77.7 mmLCF ( 48.3–67.7 mmSL), Corryong Creek, same location as NMV A.30393-5, T.A. Raadik,  11 September 2002; NMV A.30463-2 (3), 54.2–85.0 mm LCF ( 47.4–75.3 mmSL), Snowy Creek, behind hotel, Mitta Mitta township, 36° 32' 09”S 147° 22' 40”E, T.A. Raadik,  19 March 2002; AMS I.44923-001 (2), 62.3–66.3 mmLCF ( 54.2–58.4 mmSL) and NMV A.30568-1 (5), 60.3–79.8 mmLCF (52.5–70.0 mm SL), collected with holotype; AMS I.44933-001 (2), 69.7–71.9 mmLCF ( 61.6–62.8 mmSL), NMV A.30453-2 (6), 67.8–72.5 mmLCF (59.0– 63.8 mmSL) and SAMA F.12142 (2), 64.8–67.5 mmLCF ( 56.7–59.7 mmSL), Kiewa River, east branch, at bridge on East Kiewa Road, north of Mount Beauty, 36° 43' 29”S 147° 10' 46”E, T.A. Raadik,  20 March 2002; AMS I.44934-001 (3), 58.5–63.8 mmLCF ( 51.1–55.4 mmSL), and NMV A.30462-2 (12), 57.1–65.4 mmLCF (50.0– 57.6 mmSL), Ovens River, off end of track in Braithwaite Plantation, downstream of Porepunkah, 36° 40' 54”S 146° 52' 46”E, T.A. Raadik,  21 March 2002; NMV A.30456-2 (5), 58.3–64.6 mmLCF ( 50.4–56.3 mmSL), Ovens River, at Nimmo Bridge on Buffalo River Road, Myrtleford, 36° 34' 09”S 146° 42' 57”E, T.A. Raadik,  26 June 2002; NMV A.30457-2 (4), 59.9–80.3 mmLCF ( 51.6–71.3 mmSL), Acheron River, at bridge on Glendale Lane, between Taggertyand Buxton, 37° 21' 10”S 145° 42' 25”E, T.A. Raadikand B. Cant,  22 May 2001; NMV A.30466-2 (5), 58.9–70.8 mmLCF (51.0– 61.7 mmSL), Little River, off Maroondah Highwayat Taggerty, 37° 19' 26”S 145° 42' 46”E, T.A. Raadikand B. Cant,  25 May 2001; NMV A.30467-2 (4), 59.4–74.6 mmLCF ( 51.7–66.6 mmSL), Little River, at bridge on Cathedral Lane, south-east of Taggerty, 37° 20' 05”S 145° 44' 28”E, T.A. Raadikand B. Cant,  23 May 2001.   Non-type material. NSW:AMS I.32711-006 (6), 41.0– 45.3 mmLCF ( 36.1–39.8 mmSL), Murray River, collected with AMS I.32711-002; NMV A.30440-1 (4), 46.6–71.6 mmLCF ( 41.2–63.7 mmSL), Murray River, Clarke Lagoon Reserve, downstream from Tintaldra, 36° 01' 29”S 147° 54' 49”E, TAR,  18 March 2002.  VIC:NMNZ P.045755 (3), 55.8–59.0 mm LCF ( 49.6–52.1 mmSL), NMV A.30393-4 (37), 36.7–56.3 mmLCF ( 32.1–48.6 mmSL) and SAMA F.12143 (3), 54.3–56.4 mmLCF (48.0– 49.9 mmSL), Corryong Creek, collected with NMV A.30393-5; NMV A.30420-3 (4), 53.2–57.0 mm LCF ( 45.9–50.1 mmSL) and TMAG D.3833 to 5 (3), 57.2–59.5 mmLCF ( 49.2–52.3 mmSL), Corryong Creek, same location as NMV A.30393-5, TAR,  11 September 2002; NMV A.30430-1 (10), 49.5–67.3 mmLCF ( 43.2–58.7 mmSL), Mitta Mitta River, caravan park of Omeo Highway, Mitta Mitta, 36° 32' 12”S 147° 22' 08”E, TAR,  21 June 1992; NMV A.30474-1 (4), 54.5–71.3 mmLCF (48.5–62.0 mm SL), Nariel Creek, Stacey Bridge on Benambra/ Corryong Road, A.F. Baxterand S. Vallis,  7 March 1978; NMV A.30439-1 (4), 67.2–83.3 mmLCF ( 58.7–73.7 mmSL), Simpsons Creek, Grapolite Gully Track, east of Carmody’s Road, 36° 23' 48”S 147° 47' 04”E, J. Lieschke,  30 March 2005; NMV A.30463-1 (7), 40.5–53.4 mmLCF (35.5–46.0 mm SL), Snowy Creekcollected with NMV A.30463-2; NMV A.30446-1 (3), 50.2–63.9 mmLCF ( 44.2–55.6 mmSL), Snowy Creek, off Omeo Highway, 6.6 kmupstream from junction with Mitta Mitta River, south-east of Mitta Mitta, 36° 33' 52”S 147° 24' 30”E, D.J. Harrington,  19 May 1992; NMV A.30422-1 (1), 67.7 mmLCF (59.0 mm SL), Snowy Creek, Lightning Creektrack, south-east of Mitta Mitta, 36° 40' 55”S 147° 26' 38”E, TAR,  20 October 1997; NMV A.30458-1 (5), 50.6–63.8 mmLCF ( 43.9–55.5 mmSL), Snowy Creek, same location as NMV A.30422-1, TAR,  19 March 2002; NMV A.30529-1 (1), 56.3 mmLCF (49.0 mm SL), Snowy Creek, west branch, West Branch Track, south-west of Granite Flat, 36° 36' 42”S 147° 22' 38”E, D. Stoessel,  12 March 2008; NMV A.30568-2 (13), 40.2–59.3 mmLCF (35.0– 51.6 mmSL), Wheelers Creek, collected with holotype; NMV A.30426-1 (2), 52.4–78.7 mmSL (46.1–67.0 mm SL), Zulu Creek, Zulu CreekTrack, 36° 32' 25”S 147° 49' 44”E, JPO,  21 May 1997; NMV A.30451-1 (3), 60.9–62.4 mmLCF ( 53.6–54.6 mmSL), Kiewa River, east branch, East Kiewa( Damm's) Road, north of Mount Beauty, 36° 43' 28”S 147° 10' 46”E, JPO,  24 February 1998; NMV A.30450-1 (3), 48.2–60.8 mmLCF ( 42.3–53.2 mmSL), Kiewa River, Ang’stobacco farm, off Damm’s Road, north of Mount Beauty, 36° 42' 52”S 147° 09' 29”E, JPO,  25 February 1998; NMV unregistered (4), 63.7–74.4 mmLCF (56.0– 66.2 mmSL), Kiewa River, same location as NMV A.30450-1, P.S. Fairbrotherand W. Koster,  6 March 2007; NMV A.30453-1 (30), 39.9–59.2 mmLCF ( 34.8–51.6 mmSL), Kiewa Rivereast branch, collected with NMV A.30453-2; NMV A.8933 (5), 70.9–78.8 mmLCF ( 63.7–69.8 mmSL), Buckland River, east branch, off Buckland RiverRoad, 36° 52' 31”S 146° 52' 19”E, A.F. Baxterand S. Vallis,  27 March 1990; NMV A.30537-1 (6), 37.8–68.5 mmLCF ( 33.6–60.3 mmSL), Buckland River, track off Buckland RiverRoad, upstream from Buckland, 36° 50' 23”S 146° 51' 09”E, R.J. Strongman,  16 January 1996; NMV A.30425-1 (2), 55.0–59.0 mm LCF ( 48.5–52.2 mmSL), Buffalo River, at junction with Dandongadale River, 36° 47' 42”S 146° 39' 53”E, D.J. Harrington,  31 March 1992; NMV A.30434-1 (7), 56.4–75.5 mmLCF ( 49.7–67.5 mmSL), German Creek, off Tawonga Gap Road, east from Germantown, 36° 43' 47”S 147° 02' 56”E, A.F. Baxterand S. Vallis,  8 February 1994; NMV A.30449-1 (1), 51.0 mm LCF ( 43.5 mmSL), King River, Burnt Track, Pineapple Flat, north-east from Mt. Stirling, 37° 03' 58”S 146° 29' 54”E, JPO,  18 April 1997; NMV A.30421-1 (2), 70.3–77.9 mmLCF ( 61.4–68.1 mmSL), King River, Speculation Road, west of Mt. Speculation, Alpine National Park, 37° 06' 12”S 146° 34' 23”E, P. Tinkler,  22 February 2007; NMV A.30469-1 (11), 45.2–63.0 mm LCF (39.6–55.0 mm SL), King River, at old bridge, Cheshunt, 36° 47' 51”S 146° 25' 33”E, TAR,  17 May 2001; NMV A.30462-1 (15), 33.9–56.3 mmLCF ( 29.5–48.9 mmSL), Ovens River, collected with NMV A.30462-2; NMV A.30456-1 (10), 44.8–56.2 mmLCF (38.2–49.0 mm SL), Ovens River, collected with NMV A.30456-2; NMV A.30423-1 (7), 46.5–64.0 mm LCF (40.3–56.0 mm SL), Ovens River, same location as NMV A.30462-2, B. Zampatti,  23 February 2000; NMV A.30454-1 (10), 51.9–70.5 mmLCF ( 45.6–61.3 mmSL), Ovens River, same location as NMV A.30462-2, B. Zampatti,  4 March 2002; NMV A.30424-1 (4), 49.9–70.9 mmLCF (44.0– 62.1 mmSL), Rose River, off Rose RiverRoad upstream of junction with Dandongadale River, 36° 48' 20”S 146° 37' 43”E, D.J. Harrington,  19 March 1992; NMV A.30457-1 (10), 36.6–54.1 mmLCF ( 31.5–47.5 mmSL), Acheron River, collected with NMV A.30457-2; NMV A.8197 (1), 64.8 mmLCF ( 56.9 mmSL), Acheron River, Taggerty, 37° 19' 15”S 145° 42' 41”E, P.S. Lake,  April 1985; NMV A.9246 (1), 52.2 mmLCF ( 45.1 mmSL), and NMV A.8136 (1), 49.8 mmLCF (43.0 mm SL), Acheron River, 4 kmnorth of Taggertyoff Keenes Road, 37° 17' 08”S 145° 43' 04”E, P.S. Lake,  November 1985; NMV A.1040 (2), 64.9–72.7 mmLCF ( 56.6–63.6 mmSL), Acheron River, T.J. Doeg,  17 October 1988; NMV A.30480-1 (15), 62.0– 90.8 mmLCF ( 55.3–80.1 mmSL), Big River, Reefton Logging Road, 37° 31' 16”S 146° 04' 42”E, D.J. Harrington,  28 February 1990; NMV A.30444-1 (3), 55.8–63.2 mmLCF ( 48.9–55.9 mmSL), Black River, River Track, 37° 31' 13”S 146° 18' 38”E, JPO,  9 December 1997; NMV A.30447-2 (3), 73.8–80.2 mmLCF (66.0– 71.5 mmSL), Goulburn River, east of Acheron, 37° 14' 28”S 145° 44' 59”E, R.J. Strongman,  7 May 1996; NMV A.30478-1 (2), 71.3–74.2 mmLCF ( 62.3–65.5 mmSL), and NMV A.30471-1 (4), 50.3–55.5 mmLCF ( 43.9–48.6 mmSL), Howqua River, off Howqua Road, upstream from Howqua, 37° 13' 38”S 146° 12' 35”E, A.F. Baxterand S. Vallis,  18 April 1978; NMV A.30526-1 (6), 70.1–86.9 mmLCF ( 62.6–77.7 mmSL), Howqua River, Tunnel Bend, upstream from Sheepyard Flat, 37° 11' 16”S 146° 22' 12”E, R.J. Strongman,  31 January 1996; NMV A.30433-1 (6), 70.1–86.9 mmLCF ( 62.2–77.7 mmSL), Howqua River, Tobacco Flat, 37° 13' 04”S 146° 18' 24”E, R.J. Strongman,  31 January 1996; NMV A.30532-1 (12), Howqua River, same location as NMV A.30433-1, R.J. Strongman,  16 January 2001; NMV A.14018 (1), 75.8 mmLCF ( 66.9 mmSL), Jamieson River, upstream from Jamieson, 37° 17' 31”S 146° 10' 31”E, R. Gibb,  18 April 1978; NMV A.30535-1 (1), 55.9 mmLCF ( 49.1 mmSL), Jamieson River, south branch, off Silvermine Spur Road, 37° 20' 36”S 146° 22' 21”E, JPO,  16 April 1997; NMV A.30466-1 (5), 35.1–35.4 mmLCF ( 31.1–48.7 mmSL), Little River, collected with NMV A.30466-2; NMV A.30467-1 (3), 32.1–44.6 mmLCF ( 27.9–39.5 mmSL), Little River, collected with NMV A.30467-2; NMV A.30452-1 (1), 59.1 mmLCF ( 51.4 mmSL), Little River, same location as NMV A.30467-2, J. Lieschke,  2 March 1999; NMV A.30648-2 (5), 41.5–53.6 mmLCF ( 36.3–47.2 mmSL), Little River, in reserve, upstream of Maroondah Highway, Taggerty, 37° 19' 27”S 145° 42' 48”E, TAR,  18 December 2001; NMV A.30472-1 (2), 89.2–98.1 mmLCF ( 78.6–87.2 mmSL), Rubicon River, access track, Rubicon, 37° 17' 23”S 145° 49' 34”E, J. Lieschke,  1 March 2000; NMV A.30477-1 (3), 53.9–80.9 mmLCF ( 47.3–71.2 mmSL), Rubicon River, same location as NMV A.30472-1, P. Closeand G. Aland,  March 2001; NMV A.30432-1 (3), 46.7–56.8 mmLCF ( 39.9–48.2 mmSL), Rubicon River, same location as NMV A.30472-1, TAR,  24 May 2001; NMV A.30470-1 (13), 57.9–72.9 mmLCF (51.0–65.0 mm SL), Rubicon River, ‘ Tumbling Waters’picnic area, south of Thornton, 37° 16' 47”S 145° 47' 58”E, R.J. Strongman,  22 February 2002; NMV A.30431-1 (2), 68.0– 89.9 mmLCF ( 60.4–80.4 mmSL), Snobs Creek, Snobs CreekHatchery, 37° 15' 49”S 145° 52' 24”E, J. Douglas,  17 March 1995; NMV A.30539-1 (1), 53.1 mmLCF ( 45.4 mmSL), Snobs Creek, Goulburn Valley Highway, 37° 15' 32”S 145° 52' 24”E, TAR,  29 March 2001; NMV A.30455-1 (2), 44.5–73.3 mmLCF ( 38.5–64.5 mmSL), Steavenson River, downstream from Buxton/ Marysville Road, north of Marysville, 37° 27' 53”S 145° 44' 01”E, TAR,  22 May 2001; NMV A.30436-1 (2), 68.8–79.9 mmLCF ( 60.7–70.9 mmSL), Steavenson River, upstream of Buxton/ Marysville Road, north of Marysville, 37° 28' 56”S 145° 45' 05”E, TAR,  22 May 2001; NMV A.30438-1 (1), 72.0 mm LCF ( 63.9 mmSL), Steavenson River, at Buxton/ Marysville Road, north of Marysville, 37° 27' 55”S 145° 44' 08”E, J. Lieschke,  2 October 2002.  Additional material examined (not measured):see Appendix 5.   Diagnosis.  Galaxias arcanus  sp. nov.is one of the most morphologically distinctive species in the  Galaxias oliduscomplex and differs from all others by a combination of the following characters: shallow body with a straight ventral profile; long and shallow caudal peduncle, the peduncle length greater than the caudal fin length; caudal peduncle flanges poorly developed; a distinctive snout which extends anteriorly from the thick and fleshy upper jaw as a fleshy protrubence, bulbous in lateral profile; nostrils of moderate length, usually not visible from ventral view; subterminal mouth and lower jaw 81.5 (72.9–99.4) % of length of upper jaw; most anterior tip of snout level with about lower 0.3 of eye diameter; head wide and shallow; short PrePel, PecPel and PoHL dimensions; large, ventrally oriented pectoral and pelvic fins (12.1–16.7 and 9.2–13.0 % SL respectively); low mean vertebral count of 51, though range broad (47–55); 0–1 pyloric caecae, short (1.0 % SL) and wide when present; gill rakers of moderate length, thin and sharply pointed; anal fin origin usually under 0.4 distance posteriorly along dorsal fin base; distinctive cryptic colouration; and, lack of black bars along lateral line.   Description.As for the genus and members of the  Galaxias oliduscomplex, except as indicated below, based on 92 specimens, 44.7–75.3 mmSL, and 250 additional, non-type specimens for meristics. See Tables 4to 9 for frequencies of meristic values and Table 13for a summary of meristic variation. Segmented dorsal fin rays 9 (8–10), of these 7 (6–8) branched and 2 (1–3*) unbranched; segmented anal fin rays 11 (10–12), of these 9 (7–9; [8*]) branched and 2 (2–3*) unbranched; caudal fin rays 16 (15–16); segmented pectoral fin rays 14 (13–15*), of these 12 (11–13*) branched and 2 (1–2) unbranched; pelvic fin rays 7, of these 6 branched and one unbranched; gill raker total count (lower limb and upper limb) 13 (11–16), lower arch with 9 (8–11) and 3 (3–5; [4*]) on upper, variation on first gill arch 6+3 (1), 7+3 (2), 8+2 (2), 8+3 (37), 8+4 (11), 8+5 (1), 9+2 (6), 9+3 (81), 9+4 (63*), 9+5 (5), 10+2 (4), 10+3 (34), 10+4 (53), 10+5 (7), 11+3 (4), 11+4 (8), 11+5 (2), 11+6 (1); vertebrae 51 (50–53; holotype52); 0–1* pyloric caecae on stomach. See Table 14for comparative value ranges of morphometric characters. Body slender and elongate, body depth through pectoral fin base 8.1 (6.8–9.7) in SL, slightly laterally compressed and dorsal midline sometimes flattened anteriorly between pelvic and pectoral fin bases, depth through pectoral base 1.1 (1.0–1.2) that through vent, dorsal profile evenly arched from snout to dorsal fin, ventral profile straight from snout to anal fin, generally flat anterior to pelvic fins; belly only slightly deepened in maturing individuals, body tapering back to a long, 6.2 (5.3–12.8) in SL, and shallow, 14.1 (8.6–16.7) in SL, caudal peduncle, the peduncle depth about 2.3 inits length; accessory lateral line present. Head of moderate length, 4.6 (4.2–5.0) in SL, and shorter (0.9) than the PelAn distance, shallow and wide, 2.8 (2.3–3.5) and 1.6 (1.4–1.8) in HL respectively, distinctly wider than deep (depth 1.7 (1.6–1.9) in HW), upper profile of head curved, slightly depressed, ventral straight, lateral profile wedge-shaped; eyes moderate, 5.5 (4.8–6.9) in HL and 2.0– 2.1 inHD, situated high on head at or slightly protruding above dorsal head profile, interorbital flat, of moderate width, 2.6 (2.4–3.0) in HL and 2.1 (2.0–2.3) times ED; cheeks expanded below eyes, eye profiles usually visible laterally from ventral view, less so in larger individuals; snout of moderate length, 3.4 (3.0–4.1) in HL and 1.6 (1.2–2.1) times ED, extending anteriorly from jaw as a fleshy protrubence and distinctly narrow anteriorly from in front of eyes in dorsal view, lateral profile dorsally bulbous and anteriorly rounded to bluntly pointed; post-orbital head length short, 1.9 (1.7–2.2) in HL; nostrils moderately long, not visible anterio-laterally from ventral view; mouth subterminal, moderately long, 2.6 (2.3–3.0) in HL, posterior extent reaching back to under about 0.5 ED and 0.6 (0.4–1.0) ED below ventral margin of eye, appears subterminal due to extended snout, cleft slightly oblique, most anterior tip of upper lip level with about 0.3 of ED above ventral margin of eye, gape of moderate width, 2.6 (2.2–3.1) in HL, width about equal to length of upper jaw and 1.6 (1.5–1.7) in HW. Jaws distinctly subequal, lower 0.8 (0.7–0.9) of UJL, upper jaw strongly expanded into a thick, fleshy lip ( Figs. 8c,d, and 9a,b), thickening extending laterally from premaxilla onto maxilla and broader than snout in anterior view, lower also fleshy but less so, and distinctly wider than deep. Fleshy anterior extension of upper lip increasing anterior extension of snout forward of jaw, no distinct fold separating extent of upper jaw from snout. Pyloric caecae short, usually 1.0 % SL (0.4–2.6 %), wide; gill rakers of moderate length, thin and sharply pointed.   TABLE 13.Summary of meristic variation in  Galaxias arcanus  sp. nov.(T—total; B—branched; L—lower limb; S—single; U—upper limb). Range in 90 % and 100 % of specimens.    Character Mode Mean SD SE Range Range N  90 % 100 %  Dorsal Rays (T) 9 9.1 0.66 0.04 8–10 8–11 322  Dorsal Rays (B) 7 7.2 0.64 0.04 6–8 5–9 322  Dorsal Rays (S) 2 1.9 0.40 0.02 1–2 1–3 322  Anal Rays (T) 11 10.6 0.62 0.03 10–12 8–12 323  Anal Rays (B) 9 8.5 0.65 0.04 7–9 7–10 323  Anal Rays (S) 2 2.1 0.40 0.02 2–3 1–3 323  Caudal Rays 16 15.9 0.30 0.02 15–16 13–17 323  Pectoral Rays (T) 14 14.1 0.81 0.05 13–15 12–16 323  Pectoral Rays (B) 12 12.1 0.86 0.05 11–13 10–13 323  Pectoral Rays (S) 2 2.0 0.28 0.02 1–2 1–3 323  Pelvic Rays (T) 7 7.0 0.14 0.01 7 6–8 323  Pelvic Rays (B) 6 6.0 0.14 0.01 6 5–7 323  Pelvic Rays (S) 1 1.0 0 0 1 1 323  Gill Rakers (T) 13 12.7 1.18 0.07 11–16 8–17 342  Gill Rakers (L) 9 9.2 0.81 0.05 8–11 6–11 342  Gill Rakers (U) 3 3.5 0.66 0.04 3–5 2–6 342  Vertebrae 51 51.2 1.08 0.07 50–53 47–54 245   TABLE 14.Morphometric variation in  Galaxias arcanus  sp. nov.(values are percentages of denominators in ratios, except for LCF and SL).    Holo- Paratypes (N = 88)  Character type Mean Min. Max. S.D.  LCF (mm) 86.3 64.9 50.5 85.0 6.96  SL (mm) 74.9 57.0 44.7 75.3 6.31  SL / LCF 86.8 87.7 86.2 89.5 0.70  BDV / SL 12.6 10.9 9.2 12.9 0.74  BDPec / SL 14.8 12.3 10.3 14.6 0.82  BDPec / BDV 118.3 113.8 102.9 123.4 4.96  LCP / SL 16.4 16.3 12.9 18.9 1.00  DCP / SL 8.4 7.0 6.0 8.0 0.46  DCP / LCP 51.1 43.2 33.9 55.5 4.07  CFFL / SL 15.2 14.0 11.7 16.0 0.91  LCP/CFFL 107.7 116.9 93.6 138.6 10.19 ...... continued on the next page   TABLE 14.(Continued)    Holo- Paratypes (N = 88)  Character type Mean Min. Max. S.D.  PreD / SL 69.8 68.7 65.5 71.7 1.22  PreA / SL 73.2 72.0 69.5 75.1 1.25  PreD / PreA 95.3 95.4 91.7 98.6 1.41  DF–AF / LDB 48.0 43.4 18.3 65.6 9.92  LDB / SL 7.9 8.8 7.0 11.1 0.77  LAB / SL 10.1 10.9 9.5 12.4 0.73  LDB / LAB 77.4 80.5 68.1 96.5 6.05  DL / LDB 166.3 164.4 119.3 204.8 15.34  AL / LAB 151.1 142.4 118.9 160.3 9.67  DL / SL 13.1 14.4 12.5 16.6 0.91  AL / SL 15.3 15.5 13.1 17.6 0.91  DL / AL 85.2 92.7 78.9 107.3 5.32  PecL / SL 14.2 14.4 12.1 16.7 0.94  PelL / SL 10.9 11.8 9.2 13.0 0.67  PelL / PecL 76.4 82.0 66.4 92.5 5.15  PrePel / SL 48.4 47.9 44.3 52.4 1.30  PecPel / SL 27.8 27.2 24.4 32.7 1.27  PelAn / SL 24.8 23.8 21.1 27.3 1.27  PecL / PecPel 51.2 53.0 37.0 63.8 4.54  PelL / PelAn 43.8 49.5 34.6 60.4 4.23  HL / SL 21.8 21.7 20.0 23.7 0.80  HL / PelAn 87.8 91.3 76.9 110.4 7.01  HW / HL 68.5 60.7 54.7 68.9 2.82  HD / HL 40.6 35.5 28.5 43.3 2.85  HW / HD 168.8 171.6 145.4 203.2 10.89  SnL / HL 31.2 29.0 23.9 33.1 2.01  SnL / ED 171.1 161.3 121.7 210.8 19.15  ED / HL 18.2 18.1 14.5 20.9 1.40  ED / HD 44.9 51.3 39.4 66.0 5.39  PoHL / HL 53.6 51.4 45.6 58.2 2.01  IOW / HL 39.0 37.6 32.9 41.7 1.91  ED / IOW 46.8 48.3 37.8 61.5 4.49  UJL / HL 38.1 38.2 26.5 43.8 2.22  LJL / HL 31.1 31.5 26.4 36.2 1.93  GW /HL 42.2 38.6 32.6 45.4 2.83  LJL / UJL 81.5 82.5 72.9 99.4 4.90  LJL / GW 73.6 82.0 66.4 100.0 7.20  GW / HW 61.7 63.5 56.5 74.0 3.74  SnL/UJL 81.9 76.0 61.6 90.2 5.49 Median fins relatively thin and slightly fleshy at bases, paired fins less so, with thickening extending distally over 0.2–0.3 of fin area, extending farther between fin rays, dorsal and anal fin bases of moderate length, dorsal base usually 0.9 inlength of anal base, fins of moderate length, anal fin slightly longer, 2nd or 3rd branched ray usually longest, distal tip rounded but posterior margin of fin distinctively straight or slightly convex; anal fin origin usually under 0.43 (0.18–0.66) distance posteriorly along dorsal fin base. Pelvic fins relatively long, 8.5 (7.7–10.8) in SL, paddle-shaped, usually 0.8 (0.7–1.0) of pectoral fin length inserted at about mid-point of standard length and extending about 0.5 distance to anal fin base; pectoral fin large, long and rounded to paddle-shaped, 6.9 (6.0–8.3) in SL, usually extending just over 0.5 distance to pelvic fin base, low on body with dorsal end of fin base level with posterior extent of mouth, lamina of paired fins oriented ventrally, raised lamellae usually present on ventral surface of rays, usually weakly to moderately developed though occasionally strong. Caudal fin of moderate length, 7.1 (6.2–8.5) in SL, emarginate, distinctly shorter 1.2 (0.9–1.4) than caudal peduncle, vertical width of expanded rays usually greater than body depth through pectoral fin base, flanges low and moderately developed, short, usually extending about 0.6–0.9 distance along caudal peduncle to distal margin of rays of adpressed anal fin, occasionally reaching rays.  Size.Recorded to 98 mmLCF and 6 g; commonly to 60–75 mmLCF.   FIGURE 8.  Galaxias arcanus  sp. nov.holotype, NMV A.30568-3, 86.3 mm LCF, Wheelers Creek, Wheelers Creek Logging Road, south of Stacey’s Bridge, Victoria: A) line drawing; B) image of preserved specimen (T.A. Raadik); and detail of ventral surface of C) head (T.A. Raadik), and D) jaws (R. Plant). Scale bar = 5 mm.  Colour in life.Body overall olive-brown to beige, becoming silvery white on belly, overlain by dark grey, dark brown or almost black, irregularly shaped blotches forming patches or usually coalescing to form irregular shaped bands or marbling, often overlain with shading formed by minute, closely spaced, dark grey spots. Pattern extends over dorsal and lateral surfaces of trunk, caudal peduncle and head, extending onto fin bases and sometimes onto the underside of the head. Head usually darker, with snout and lips often quite dark grey. Trunk with broad, relatively diffuse mid-lateral horizontal band of copper and gold flecks extending from above pectoral fin base onto caudal peduncle; snout and upper lip sometimes with copper and gold flecks, also diffusely scattered over head; sometimes a thin double band of gold flecks mid dorsally, extending from nape to base of dorsal fin and often onto caudal peduncle. Gill cover olive-brown with a small gold patch; fins translucent, yellowish brown, sometimes greyish; iris coppery gold. When stressed, adults can become almost uniformly dark grey to black (see upper image on page 786 inRaadik 2001); occasionally adults may lack dark body pattern. Juvenile colouration distinct from that of adults ( Fig. 9c), with paler and less profuse dark patterning over body and head, little body shading, larger gold patch on gill cover, and trunk pattern absent from latero-ventral region. See below for more detailed comments on body pattern.   FIGURE 9.A–B: Anterior view of the unique snout of  Galaxias arcanus  sp. nov., A) jaws closed and B) jaws open, showing fleshy upper lip; C) juvenile colour pattern and propping; and, D) adult propping on a rock. (T.A. Raadik).  Colour of preserved material.Base colour of head and body pale lemon-yellow, tan or creamy yellow. Dorsal surface of head and trunk usually overall dark brown, dark grey or black, darkest mid-dorsally, on body fading down sides and occasionally on ventro-lateral surface as light duskiness, belly light cream to creamy yellow, lacking duskiness. Bold cryptic patterning of large, irregularly shaped joined blotches interspersed by contrasting light pale cream spots or thin, separated or connected, irregularly-shaped narrow bands, darker on top and fading down sides, extending over entire dorsal and lateral surface of head and body, absent from ventral surface. Dorsal portion of nape, head, snout, and anterior-dorsal portion of upper jaw with dark grey colouration, becoming paler laterally and extending onto lower jaw, below eyes, cheeks and gill covers, ventral surface of head sometimes also dusky and with patches of fine black spots. Duskiness produced by profuse, very fine pale black spotting. Often minute black spotting also inside operculum and on base of gill filaments.   FIGURE 10.A)  Galaxias arcanus  sp. nov., adult, collected from type locality, ~ 85 mm LCF March 2008; B) Wheeler Creek, at type locality, 1 April 2008. Zulu Creek inflow on right; C) typical habitat of  Galaxias arcanus, amongst cobbles in a fastflowing riffle, Steavenson River downstream from Marysville, 22 May 2001. (T.A. Raadik). Colour pattern of juveniles creamy yellow to light tan base colour with dorsal surface and top of head covered with relatively large irregular, discrete or connected dark brown blotches composed of dense fine spots, extending down sides to near ventral surface and onto gill covers and snout, snout cheeks and upper and lower lips with dusky hue. Eye black, pupil translucent pale orange-yellow or brownish yellow. Teeth translucent yellow to pale orange–yellow, tips orange to orange–red; gill rakers creamy white to pale yellow. Fins generally dusky pale yellow, becoming more translucent on posterior margins, fleshy bases of pelvic and pectoral fins cream. Fin rays translucent, external edges of rays highlighted with very fine black lines, first few rays generally darker; duskiness and patches of fine black spots on dorsal, anal and pectoral fin bases. Base of caudal fin usually with narrow, vertical, diffuse and dark to relatively pale grey band.   Etymology.From the Latin  arcanus, meaning cryptic, secret, mysterious, in reference to the cryptic habitat occupied by this species (amongst boulder and cobbles on the stream bed), and its cryptic colouration. Commonly referred to as the ‘Riffle Galaxias’.  Genetics.Allozyme and mtDNA analysis of this species can be found in Adams et al.(2014; taxon code RF). Diagnostic allozyme loci (6–13) between this taxon and the other species in the  Galaxias oliduscomplex are provided in Table 12. Two genetically distinct subpopulations were identified, with fish in the Goulburn River basin differing by one diagnostic allozyme locus from those in the Upper Murray to the Ovens River basins ( Raadik 2011). Morphological variation between these subpopulations was not investigated.   Distribution.See Fig. 11. Restricted to a thin band on the north of the Great Dividing Range in north-eastern Victoria, including the upper Murray River from near its headwaters and extending westward to the Goulburn River system, at an elevation of between 150–880 masl. Not known as yet from the Broken River system but may be present, but restricted in range, to the cooler and faster-flowing upland reaches. Currently not recorded from the Murray River downstream from about Albury, or from tributaries of the upper Murray River in NSW. May be restricted in range to steeper-gradient streams in foothill to upland reaches by specific habitat requirements, such as diverse substrates and fast-flows.  Sympatry.Found with other members of the  Galaxias oliduscomplex, primarily with  G. olidusand  Galaxias. oliros sp. nov, and considered to have been sympatric with  Galaxias fuscusin the Goulburn River system, before alien trout substantially altered distributional patterns. Also found with  Galaxias rostratusat the lower elevations within its range, and with  Galaxias brevipinniswhich has colonised the upper Murray and tributaries.  Habitat.Recorded from cold to relatively cool, clear water in flowing creeks to large rivers (1.0–20.0 m average width), usually in shallow ( 0.1–0.4 maverage depth), fast-flowing and high energy riffles and runs ( Fig. 10c), though juveniles have been recorded moving upstream through slow water along the shallow edges of pools. Substrate in riffles and runs consists predominantly of a complex of abundant cobbles and pebbles, with smaller amounts of bedrock, boulder, gravel and coarse sand. Fish are typically found within the diverse substrate, either amongst or under rocks on the stream bed, or deeper in the interstitial spaces of the substratum. Usually not associated with aquatic vegetation, but have been found amongst small and large timber debris.  General Biology.Confined to freshwater. Collected at a density ranging from <0.01–0.80 fish/m 2though, as individuals are usually hidden amongst or within the substrate in fast-flowing areas ( Fig. 10c) which are difficult to sample, these values are considered a gross underestimate of relative abundance. Usually collected with the native species Two-spined Blackfish (  Gadopsis bispinosus),  Galaxias olidus s.s., Murray Spiny Crayfish (  Euastacus armatus), Alpine Spiny Crayfish (  Euastacus crassus) and shrimp ( Atyidae) and including the alien species Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout (  Oncorhynchus mykiss), and less often with the native species Obscure Galaxias(  Galaxias oliros  sp. nov.) and Broadfinned Galaxias. Spawning period is probably spring to summer (October–December and possibly extending into January): adult fish collected from Corryong Creek in the Upper Murray system in early November, and from the Acheron and Little rivers (Goulburn River system) in mid- October to mid-November, were ripe to running ripe, whilst all fish collected post mid-December were at earlier stages of development and usually with their body cavity full of fat deposits through January to March; juvenile 0+ age fish < 38 mmLCF have been recorded in all months from December to May; and, the smallest 0+ age individuals recorded have been 16.7 mmLCF in early February (Ovens River system) and 27.9 mmLCF in late May (Goulburn River system). Males mature earlier, with a ripe individual recorded from the Goulburn River in early May (late autumn) and a running ripe male from the Ovens River in late June 2002. Confusingly, some females have been recorded as running ripe in late June 1992in the upper Murray catchment, and almost ripe in the Goulburn River system in May 2001. The smallest fish which could be reliably sexed were a female at 49.5 mmLCF (Corryong Creek, Upper Murray) and a male at 41.5 mmLCF (Little River, Goulburn River system). Adults usually solitary; juveniles and younger adults observed in loose shoals of 50+ individuals, moving upstream during the day in shallow, slow-flowing water along the edge of pools, between riffle habitats: fish 38–66 mmLCF recorded moving upstream in the Acheron River and individuals < 50 mmLCF observed along the edge in the Steavenson River (Goulburn system) in late May 2001; and, individuals 49–67 mmLCF collected moving upstream along the edge of a long pool in the Mitta Mitta River (upper Murray system) in late June 2002. This suggests active upstream dispersal by younger age-classes of fish. Individuals from the Steavenson River, downstream from Marysville, found with cysts, possibly trematode metacercariae, embedded in the skin of the trunk and fins. Also see Sowersby (2007).   Variation.As noted above, the species is extremely variable in colour pattern, differing between juveniles and adults ( cf. Figs. 9cand 10a). Colour and pattern changes are also evident between populations, and between individuals within populations, and can also rapidly change from the usual strongly patterned colouration to a plain light grey or almost black, depending on the stress level of individual fish. Also exhibits a relatively high amount of variation in meristic characters across its range, particularly in dorsal, anal and pectoral fin ray number, and number of gill rakers and vertebrae.   Remarks.First recognized as an unidentified species in 1986 when a specimen, collected from a riffle in the Acheron River during an aquatic macroinvertebrate ‘kick’ sample, was received by the author. No additional specimens were found in museum collections, except in the unregistered wet specimen collection at the Arthur Rylah Institute in Victoria, which were subsequently deposited at the Museum Victoria(NMV A.10017, NMV A.30474-1). These represented the first recorded collections of the species, in early March 1978. The high-energy habitat usually occupied by  Galaxias arcanus, and its crypto-benthic nature, may explain its late discovery. The unique morphology of  Galaxias arcanus, which includes a straight ventral profile, long, low caudal peduncle, a downturned, subterminal mouth and a bulbous nose, suggests an adaptation to a benthic existence within a diverse substrate in a high energy environment. In particular, the subterminal mouth and straight ventral profile may be an advantage for feeding off the substrate or rocks, the bulbous extension to the snout may play a sensory role in prey detection within the substrate, and the overall low body profile may enable easier movement amongst the substrate and in keeping in the quieter water on the stream bed just below the level of fast or turbulent flow.   Galaxias arcanusoften lie in a characteristic manner when motionless on the substrate, with the body slightly curved in the horizontal plane when viewed from above. They are also often found propped on the substrate (gravel, rock or timber), with the pectoral and pelvic fins expanded ventrally, supporting and raising the head and front of the body higher than the tail ( Fig. 9c,d), or propping on the pelvic, pectoral and anal fins. In this position the head can be moved slightly laterally or tilted to some extent downwards, presumably to look for prey. Often found in streams with high densities of alien trout (  Salmo truttaand  Oncorhynchus mykiss), they are presumably able to avoid predation by occupying high energy riffle habitats which may be marginal for trout, and also by their disruptive colouration and remaining hidden amongst habitat on or within the stream bed. Flow regulation, whereby riffle areas can be dewatered or, alternatively, submerged for longer periods than during natural floods, may be a key threat to this species by reducing habitat availability and allowing predators to gain access when riffles are drowned out. The use of interstitial spaces within the substrate of the streambed may also act as refugia during times of low flow ( sensu Dunn & O’Brien 2006) and also provides usable habitat in areas with very low flow.  Galaxias arcanuswere found within a bank of pebbles ( 30–50 mmin diameter), in Corryong Creek, which was covered by only 10 mmof water and they could not be depleted from a 2 m 2area following 60 minutes of electrofishing: individuals kept emerging from amongst the pebbles on each successive pass. 2008-04-01 T. A. Raadik & J. Lyon Wheelers Creek -36.539722 Wheelers Creek 19 147.82889 Wheelers Creek Logging Road 37 38 1 Victoria holotype 1992-03-12 M. Lintermans Tintaldra -36.08972 Murray River 19 147.98334 Corryong Creek 37 38 1 paratype 2005-03-22 T. A. Raadik & V. Caracher Alpine National Park 50 -36.77833 Murray River 19 148.10695 Limestone Creek 37 38 1 paratype 2002-03-18 T. A. Raadik Corryong -36.174446 Corryong Creek 19 147.86446 Briggs Gap Road 37 38 1 paratype 2002-09-11 T. A. Raadik Corryong -36.174446 Corryong Creek 19 147.86446 Briggs Gap Road 37 38 1 paratype 2002-03-19 T. A. Raadik -36.53583 Snowy Creek 19 147.37778 Mitta Mitta township 37 38 1 paratype 2002-03-20 T. A. Raadik Mount Beauty -36.724724 Kiewa River 19 147.17944 East Kiewa Road 37 38 1 Victoria paratype 2002-03-21 T. A. Raadik Porepunkah -36.681667 Ovens River 19 146.87944 Braithwaite Plantation 37 38 1 Victoria paratype 2002-06-26 T. A. Raadik Myrtleford -36.569164 Ovens River 19 146.71584 Nimmo Bridge on Buffalo River Road 37 38 1 Victoria paratype 2001-05-22 T. A. Raadik & B. Cant Buxton -37.352776 Acheron River 19 145.70694 Taggerty 37 38 1 Victoria paratype 2001-05-25 T. A. Raadik & B. Cant Taggerty -37.323887 Little River 19 145.71277 Maroondah Highway 37 38 1 Victoria paratype 2001-05-23 T. A. Raadik & B. Cant Taggerty -37.33472 Little River 19 145.74112 Cathedral Lane 37 38 1 Victoria paratype 2002-03-18 TAR Tintaldra -36.024723 Murray River 19 147.9136 Clarke Lagoon Reserve 37 38 1 2002-09-11 TAR Tintaldra -36.024723 Corryong Creek 19 147.9136 Corryong Creek 37 38 1 1992-06-21 TAR Mitta Mitta -36.536667 Mitta Mitta River 19 147.3689 Omeo Highway 37 38 1 1978-03-07 Corryong Road, A. F & Baxter & S. Vallis Nariel Creek Stacey Bridge on Benambra 37 38 1 2005-03-30 J. Lieschke Carmody's Road -36.396667 Simpsons Creek 19 147.78445 Grapolite Gully Track 37 38 1 1992-05-19 D. J. Harrington Mitta Mitta -36.564445 Snowy Creek 19 147.40833 Mitta Mitta River 37 38 1 1997-10-20 TAR Mitta Mitta 38 39 -36.681946 Snowy Creek 19 147.4439 Lightning Creek 37 38 1 2002-03-19 TAR Mitta Mitta -36.681946 Snowy Creek 19 147.4439 Lightning Creek 38 39 1 2008-03-12 D. Stoessel Granite Flat -36.611664 Snowy Creek 19 147.37723 West Branch Track 38 39 1 1997-05-21 JPO T. A. Raadik & J. Lyon Zulu Creek -36.540276 Wheelers Creek 19 147.82889 Zulu Creek 38 39 1 Victoria 1998-02-24 JPO Mount Beauty -36.724445 Kiewa River 19 147.17944 Road 38 39 1 Victoria 1998-02-25 JPO Mount Beauty -36.714447 Kiewa River 19 147.15805 Damm's Road 38 39 1 Victoria 2007-03-06 JPO P. S. Fairbrother & W. Koster Mount Beauty -36.714447 Kiewa River 19 147.15805 Damm's Road 38 39 1 Victoria 1990-03-27 A. F. Baxter & S. Vallis Buckland River -36.875275 Kiewa River 19 146.87195 Buckland River 38 39 1 Victoria 1996-01-16 R. J. Strongman Buckland -36.83972 Buckland River 19 146.85251 Buckland River 38 39 1 Victoria 1992-03-31 D. J. Harrington -36.795 Buffalo River 19 146.66472 Dandongadale River 38 39 1 Victoria 1994-02-08 A. F. Baxter & S. Vallis Germantown -36.72972 German Creek 19 147.04889 Tawonga Gap Road 38 39 1 Victoria 1997-04-18 JPO Mt. Stirling -37.06611 King River 19 146.49834 Pineapple Flat 38 39 1 Victoria 2007-02-22 P. Tinkler Alpine National Park -37.103333 King River 19 146.57306 Mt. Speculation 38 39 1 Victoria 2001-05-17 TAR -36.7975 King River 19 146.42584 Cheshunt 38 39 1 Victoria 2000-02-23 TAR B. Zampatti Ovens River -36.7975 Ovens River 19 146.42584 Ovens River 38 39 1 Victoria 2002-03-04 TAR B. Zampatti Ovens River -36.7975 Ovens River 19 146.42584 Ovens River 38 39 1 Victoria 1992-03-19 D. J. Harrington Dandongadale River -36.805553 Rose River 19 146.62862 Rose River 38 39 1 Victoria 1985-04 P. S. Lake Taggerty -37.32083 Acheron River 19 145.71138 Acheron River 38 39 1 Victoria 1985-11 P. S. Lake Keenes Road -37.285557 Acheron River 19 145.71777 Taggerty 38 39 1 Victoria 1988-10-17 T. J. Doeg Acheron River 38 39 1 Victoria 1990-02-28 D. J. Harrington -37.52111 Big River 19 146.07834 Reefton Logging Road 38 39 1 Victoria 1997-12-09 JPO -37.52028 Black River 19 146.31056 River Track 38 39 1 Victoria 1996-05-07 R. J. Strongman -37.24111 Goulburn River 19 145.74973 Acheron 38 39 1 Victoria 1978-04-18 A. F. Baxter & S. Vallis Howqua -37.227222 Howqua River 19 146.20972 Howqua Road 38 39 1 Victoria 1996-01-31 R. J. Strongman Sheepyard Flat -37.18778 Howqua River 19 146.37 Tunnel Bend 38 39 1 Victoria 1996-01-31 R. J. Strongman -37.217777 Howqua River 19 146.30667 Tobacco Flat 38 39 1 Victoria 2001-01-16 R. J. Strongman -37.217777 Howqua River 19 146.30667 Tobacco Flat 38 39 1 Victoria 1978-04-18 R. Gibb -37.291943 Jamieson River 19 146.17528 Jamieson 38 39 1 Victoria 1997-04-16 JPO -37.34333 Jamieson River 19 146.3725 Silvermine Spur Road 38 39 1 Victoria 1999-03-02 JPO J. Lieschke Little River -37.34333 Little River 19 146.3725 Little River 38 39 1 Victoria 2001-12-18 TAR Taggerty 39 40 -37.324165 Little River 19 145.71333 Maroondah Highway 38 39 1 Victoria 2000-03-01 J. Lieschke -37.289722 Rubicon River 19 145.82611 Rubicon 39 40 1 Victoria 2001-03 P. Close Aland Islands -37.289722 Rubicon River 19 145.82611 Rubicon 39 40 1 Victoria 2001-05-24 TAR P. Close Aland Islands -37.289722 Rubicon River 19 145.82611 Rubicon 39 40 1 Victoria 2002-02-22 R. J. Strongman Aland Islands Thornton -37.27972 Rubicon River 19 145.79945 Tumbling Waters' 39 40 1 Victoria 1995-03-17 J. Douglas Aland Islands -37.26361 Snobs Creek 19 145.87334 Snobs Creek 39 40 1 Victoria 2001-03-29 TAR Aland Islands -37.25889 Snobs Creek 19 145.87334 Valley Highway 39 40 1 Victoria 2001-05-22 TAR Aland Islands Marysville -37.46472 Steavenson River 19 145.73361 Marysville Road 39 40 1 Victoria 2001-05-22 TAR Aland Islands Marysville -37.482224 Steavenson River 19 145.75139 Marysville Road 39 40 1 Victoria 2002-10-02 J. Lieschke Aland Islands Marysville -37.46528 Steavenson River 19 145.73557 Marysville Road 39 40 1 Victoria