Riethia cinctipes Freeman 1961 Riethia Pe Riethia (Kieffer 1917) (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised for the Austro-Pacific region Cranston, Peter S. Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-25 4646 3 461 500 4T32L Freeman Freeman [151,472,1003,1030] Insecta Chironomidae Riethia Animalia Diptera 6 467 Arthropoda species cinctipes  ( Figs. 2B, 3E, 3J,  4I, 5A, E, 6E)    Riethia cinctipes Freeman 1961; Cranston 1966, 2000.   RiethiaPe‘Brisbane’ Cranston 1966, 2000    Type material. Paratypes,  ♂, pinned, separate hypopygium on celluloid mount, ‘ F.C.T. Blundells’[ AUSTRALIA, Australian Capital Territory, Blundell’s Farm]  18.2.1931, A.L.Tonnoir[ANIC].  Riethia cinctipesFreemandet. Freeman1960 (2 labels);   ♀, pinned, ‘ Stanwell Pk’[ New South Wales],  2 Mar 23[1923]; second label as  ♂above.   Other material(collected Cranston, deposited ANIC, unless otherwise stated):  Queensland,  2♂♂, 1 ♀, McIlwraith Range, 15 kmWNW Bald Hill, 13°43’S 143°19’E, 27.vi.–12.vii.1989( Naumann, ANIC expedition);  1 ♂, 7 milesN. Hope Vale Mission, 4.x.1980(at light) ( Colless) #2542; 5 Pe, Emmagen Ck., 16°02.7”S 145°27.0”E, 9/  10.ix.1997( McKie) #2068; 2Pe, Mason Ck., 16°05.08”S 145°27.36”E,  23.iv.1999; 3 Pe, Oliver Ck.,16°08.3”S 145°26.7”E, 9/  10.ix.1997(  McKie) #2073,4, 7 Pe,  23.–23.iv.1999; L, 6Pe, Mossman, Rex Ck., 16°28’S 145°19’E, 5–6.iv.1997, #2543, 5; 6 Pe, same except  27–28.viii.1997, #2546; 6 Pe, same except  17–18.xii.1997, #2544; 2L, Le/P  ♂, Pe,  19–20.x.1998(  Cranston&  Dimitriadis) #2076-8; 10 Pe, Mt. Lewis, trib. Churchill Ck., 16°34’S 145°20’E,  6–7.iv.1997, #2547-8; 3 Pe, Clohesy R.,  7–8.ix.1997(  McKie) #2067; 5Pe, Mareeba, Davies Ck., above falls, 17°01’S 145°35’E, 11–12.iv.1997#2549; 2 Pe, same except  19–20.vi.1997;  Pe, same except  27–28.viii.1997, #  2065-66; 2 Pesame except  17–18.xii.1997, #2066; 2 Pe, Kauri Ck.,  11.vi.1997(  McKie) #2069; 2 Pe, Mt. Haig,?U. Emerald Ck., 17°06’24”S 145°36’52”E,  17–18.xii.1997, #2550;  Pe, Tinaroo, unnamed Ck., 17°09’S 145°37’E,  11– 12.vi.1997(  McKie) #2075; 4Pe, Bartle Frere, Junction Ck., 17°16’S 145°55’E, 1–4.iv.1997, #2553;  Pe, same except  27–28.viii.1997, #2551; 5 Pe, same except  17–18.xii.1997,, #2552; 2Pe, Herberton, Carrington Falls Ck., 17°20’S 145°27’E, 9–10.iv.1997, #2554;  Pe, Nigger Ck., 17°27’S 145°29’E, #2555; P  ♂, 8 Pe, Palmerston N.P., Learmouth Ck., 17°35’S 145°42’E, #2062, -2556;  Tchooratippa Ck., 17°37’S 145°45’E,  8–9.iv.1997, #2557; 2 Pe, Python Ck., 17°46.2’S 145°35.4’E,  2–3.xi.1997(  McKie) #2072;  Pixies Ck.,  2–3.ix.1997, 17°47’S 145°41’E(  McKie), #2070-1;  Le/ Pe/  ♂, 2 Le/ Pe/  ♀, nr Cardwell, 5-mile Ck.,  17.xii.1997, 18°19’S 146°02.55’E, #2064; L, same except 17.xiii.1997;  Le/ Pe/ ♀, Paluma, Birthday Ck., 18°58’S 146°09’E,  24.x.1998(  McKie); 3 Pe, Paluma, unnamed Ck. S. Paluma,  25–26.iii.1998, #2558;  Le/ Pe/  ♀, Paluma, Camp Ck., 18°68’S 146°09’E,  5.v.1999(  Dimitriadis);  Le/P  ♂, Yaccobine Ck.,  17.v.1988(  Edward), #2061; 2Pe, N.W. Brisbane, Bundaroo Ck., 26°42’S 152°34’E, 27.ix.1989, #2559.   New South Wales: 5 Pe, Chaelundi N.P., Chandlers Ck., 30°02.22’S 152°29.26’E,  11.iv.1996, #2560; 9 Pe, nr Dorrigo, Eve Ck., 30°16’S 152°50’E,  9.x.1996, #2056; 2 Pe, Barren Ground N.P., Redback Stream, 34°40’S 150°44’E,  9.iv.1994, #2055;  Pe, Endrick R.,  6 kmNE Nerriga, 35°05’S 150°08’E,  1.ix.1988, #2053; Pe/  ♂, Rutherford Ck.,  11.xi.1961( Brundin) ( ZSM).   Australian Capital Territory( ACT): Pe, Brindabellas, Lees Ck., 35°22’S 148°50’E,  12–13.i.1998(  Willis&  Cranston) #2058; same except  24.i.1998(  Willis) #2057.   Northern Territory: 4 ♂, Pe, Kakadu N.P., Radon Spring, 12°45’S 132°55’E,  13–14.iv.1989, #2051; 2Pe, Litchfield N.P., Wongi Falls, 13°10’S 130°41’E,  6.viii.1990, #2054.   Victoria: L., nr Anglesea,  Angahook Forest, AV#82.1,  19.iii.1972( Martin).  Molecular ( MV) larvae. Queensland, 2L, Emerald Ck., 16°58.50’S 145°34.00’E, 8.ix. 2007, 360 m a.s.l. ( Krosch) ( MV FNQDE1R, DE1.24); L, Atherton, Nigger Ck., 17°26’S 145°28’E, 1.ix.2005( Krosch) ( MVN7); 2L, Paluma, Birthday Ck., 18°58.35’S 146°09.26’E, 24.ix. 2008, 700 m a.s.l. ( Krosch) ( MV  FNQBC8R1-2); L, Paluma, Little Birthday Ck./ Camp Ck., 18°58’22”S 146°09’52”E, 850 ma.s.l., 21.ix.2008( Krosch) ( MV FNQC- C4R1); L( 3i) same except 22.ix.2008( MV  FNQBC7R1), L, same except 21.ix.2008( MV PAa2, 15); 2L, Cloudy Ck., 18°59.50’S 146°12.30’E, 25.ix. 2008, 720 m a.s.l. ( Krosch) ( MV  FNQCCR1, 2,3);. 3L, Cooloola N.P., Frankis Gulch, 26°02.50’S 153°04.44’E, 18.iv.2009( Krosch) ( MV AU09FG3, 4, 10).  Northern Territory, 4L, Kakadu N.P., Burdulba Ck., 5.i.2007(Hanley et al.) ( MV NT11B1R1-4, all 3i) [possibly unknown larva of  R. kakadu].   Description. Male.Thorax yellow, with distinct brown vittae (dark area may be restricted to anterior of median vitta and lateral edges of lateral vittae) and transverse pleural stripe. Legs with dark band on mid-femur, femoral apex, base, mid and apex of all tibia, apices of all tarsomeres ( 5th maybe all dark). Wing membrane infuscate, with transverse dark patch including both ‘forks’. Abdomen with posterior third of tergite II with dark transverse band; all succeeding segments with dark postero-lateral areas, genitalia brown. Setae of TIX long, slender, arranged in two clusters, separated medially by non-setose strip. Gonostylus relatively short, not tapered at gonocoxite junction, bearing essentially simple setae, some with fine branches, all distally pointed. Superior volsella ( Fig. 2B) without microtrichia in basal or medial area, proximo-laterally with 4–6 long setae, without posterior projection, medially-directed lobe-shaped digitus without microtrichia, with 7–12 simple seta, ending in narrowed lobe or notched; inferior volsella small, mainly appressed to inner contour of gonocoxite and linked to superior volsella, without pectinate scales, with long simple setae and dense microtrichiae extending from distal area linking to superior volsella. Pseudovolsella no more than weak bulge with strong setae not differentiated from linearly aligned on inner gonocoxite ( Fig. 2B). Mensural features as in Table 1.  Female(n=3, part teneral). Colour similar to male, yellow with median vitta anteriorly brown oval, lateral vittae pale brown with darker outline anteriorly and laterally, extending from mid-scutum to just anterior to pale scutellum; central postnotum brown. anepisternum with broad brown linear ‘smear’. Wing with infuscate band over cross-veins, paler apically and at base. Legs with transverse band at 2/3 on forefemora, dark brown at distal apices of femora and proximal base of tibia (‘knees’); tibial apices darkened near spurs; apices of tarsomeres brown; foreleg with darkest pigment, mid and hind legs less intense. B.l. 6.0 mm, W.l. 2.5 mm. Antenna flagellomeres 140–180, 105–115, 100–105, 95–100, 140–165; AR 0.32–0.34. 38–40 clyp, 16 multiserial orbitals. Palpomeres 50, 50–55, 170–300, 180–280, 260–360. Thorax. Ac?7–9, Dc 14, Pa 2–3, Scts 14–15. Wing V.R. 1.12. Vein setation: R 28–37, R  124–34, R 4+558–67; sq. 11–19. Leg lengths: P 11400, 1440, 1440, 800, 640, 480, 220; P 21560, 1380, 780, 440, 320, 200, 110; P 31400, 1380, 940, 600, 420, 240, 120. Ratios: LR 11.01, LR 20.56, LR 30.68;, BV 12.04, BV 23.4, BV 32.7; SV 11.97, SV 23.77, SV 32.96. Foretibial comb, 50 with 5–6 lateral teeth each side; midtibials 65, 75, rear 65, 70, with strongly developed lateral teeth.  Pupa. Brown with dark dorsal thorax, anterior wing sheaths and lateral apophyses on all abdominal segments; comb brown-black. Cephalothorax with strong frontal warts, thorax rugose with multiserial rows of dark tubercles on dorsum. Hook row on II continuous [one exception, see remarks], occupying c 50% of tergite width. Conjunctival spinule bands on III–V narrowly separated to almost completely contiguous with posterior tergal armament, on V narrower and maybe medially sparse. Pedes spurii B absent, vortex strong.Abdomen ( Fig. 3E): Tergite II with triangular area of spinules anterior to and narrower than hookrow, without any more anterior spinules, TIII–V largely infilled with spinules, TVI with anterior-median oval area, separated from posterior transverse band; TVII and VIII with anterior and posterior areas of fine spinules. Comb ( Fig. 3J,  4I) variable, often with “windows” of pale cuticle within, with 1 strong, inner spine directed postero-medially and 3–4 subordinate spines.  Larva. Head capsule yellow including postmentum and genae, with dark occipital margin, mandible golden yellow, bases of inner 4 mandibular teeth and mental teeth golden-brown. Clypeus lozenge-shaped, elongate-ovoid, 3× as wide as long ( Fig. 5A, 6E). Antenna ( Fig. 5E) with 3 rdsegment longer than 2 nd, characteristically narrowed basally and with thin wall on one side; segment 4 <2/3rds length of segment 2 (14–18μ to 21–25μ). Ventromental plate variable, with specimens from Cloudy Ck 20% longer than mentum width, with all others close to 100%. Mensural features as in Table 2.  Diagnosis.Adults of  R. cinctipeshave distinctively ‘banded’ legs and pigmented wings, but both vary in intensity perhaps associated with tenerality. Amongst the males of the 5 taxa with patterned-legs, geographic distribution and male genitalia provide discriminatory features.  Riethia cinctipesis an eastern Australian species as is  R. stictoptera, the others are from Western Australia or New Caledonia. The characteristic gonostylus of  R. stictopteradiffers from the conventional one of  R. cinctipes. The digitiform appendage of the superior volsella, absent in  R. stictoptera, differs in each of the other banded-leg species, see key and Figures 2B, 2C, 2G. Specifically, the medially-directed digitus has a notch or apical tooth on the anterior margin in  R. cinctipeswhereas the digitus tapers evenly to a point in  R. donedwardi. The pupa of  R. cinctipesalso resembles that of  R. stictopterawith undivided hookrow and only conjunctives III and IV with continuous rows of spinules and with sparse spinules on the posterior of TII. The pupa of  R. cinctipeslacks pedes spurii B and tergite II has a moderate-sized spinule area, about as wide as the hook row, in contrast to a smaller spinulose area in  R. stictoptera.Some southern exuviae and those from N.T. have the conjunctival bands more distinctly separated from the tergal spinulation. None of these are reared, and for the present they are treated as variants of  R. cinctipes. Larvae of  R. cinctipeshave a low AR (<1.2) as does  R. donedwardi, but the mentum and inner mandibular teeth are brown compared to the yellow-gold teeth in  R. donedwardiwhich is a species restricted to Western Australia. The 3 rdantennal segment is much longer than the 2 ndbut is subequal in  R. donedwardiand also is narrowed, seemingly thinner-walled, medially ( Fig. 5E). Further differentiation comes from the lozenge-shaped (elongate-ovoid) clypeus, 3× as wide as long.  Remarks.There is substantial variation in the setosity of the male thorax. For example, a reared male from 5- mile Creek has multiple rows of dorsocentrals, but unreared males from further north in Queenslandhave fewer near uniserially arranged. The ventromental plate with respect to the width of the mentum falls in to two classes: close to equal (ratio=1.0) or greater (ratio = 1.2 for same width of mentum). This partially conforms to variation seen in molecular barcode patterns—unfortunately only 1 specimenproduced 4 genes.  DIstribution and ecology.  R. cinctipesis an eastern Australian species with a range extending from 13°S- 14°Sin Kakadu and Litchfield National Parks, Northern Territoryand north Queensland, southwards to an isolated record from south coastal Victoria. Most reports are from the north to central parts of this range, with no specimens from Tasmania. Most sites are from running waters, but this habitat is over-represented due to use of drift nets in lotic conditions. Larvae do occur in billabongs and standing waters in rivers, usually with good to excellent water quality. 2423807405 1931-02-18 F.C.T. Blundells' & A.L.Tonnoir Australia Freeman 6 467 1 1 Australian Capital Territory paratype 2423807430 [389,1092,1266,1293] 1923-03-02 Australia 6 467 1 1 New South Wales 2423807480 [1104,1383,1266,1293] Australia 6 467 1 1 New South Wales 2423807445 [199,1093,1302,1329] 6 467 2423807464 1989-06-27 -13.716666 143.31667 6 467 3 1 2 Queensland 2423807581 1980-10-04 6 467 1 1 Queensland 2423807444 1997-09-10 Emmagen Ck. 6 467 Queensland 2423807679 [493,1119,1409,1436] 1999-04-23 6 467 Queensland 2423807569 1999-04-23 Oliver Ck. & McKie 6 467 Queensland 2423807671 1997-04-05 -16.466667 145.31667 6 467 Queensland 2423807407 [420,899,1480,1508] 1997-08-27 6 467 Queensland 2423807615 [913,1384,1480,1508] 1997-12-17 6 467 Queensland 2423807505 1998-10-19 Pe & Cranston & Dimitriadis 6 467 1 1 Queensland 2423807389 1997-04-06 Pe & Churchill Ck. -16.566668 145.33333 6 467 Queensland 2423807477 [531,1046,1553,1579] 1997-09-07 Clohesy R. & McKie 6 467 Queensland 2423807443 1997-04-11 -17.016666 145.58333 6 467 Queensland 2423807564 [686,1053,1588,1615] 1997-06-19 6 467 Queensland 2423807412 1997-08-27 6 467 Queensland 2423807508 [274,726,1624,1651] 1997-12-17 6 467 Queensland 2423807547 [738,1213,1624,1651] 1997-06-11 Kauri Ck. & McKie 6 467 Queensland 2423807544 1997-12-17 Pe & Emerald Ck. -17.106667 145.61446 6 467 Queensland 2423807456 1997-06-11 Pe & Tinaroo & Ck. -17.15 145.61667 6 467 Queensland 2423807488 [461,1247,1695,1722] 1997-04-01 -17.266666 145.91667 6 467 Queensland 2423807591 1997-08-27 6 467 Queensland 2423807578 [428,903,1730,1758] 1997-12-17 6 467 Queensland 2423807557 1997-04-09 -17.333334 145.45 6 467 Queensland 2423807415 [520,998,1766,1794] Pe & Nigger Ck. -17.45 145.48334 6 467 Queensland 2423807572 Pe & Palmerston N.P. & Learmouth Ck. -17.583334 145.7 6 467 1 1 Queensland 2423807592 [589,1237,1802,1829] 1997-04-08 -17.616667 145.75 6 467 Queensland 2423807563 1997-11-02 Pe & Python Ck. -17.77 145.59 6 467 Queensland 2423807459 [739,1431,1838,1865] 1997-09-02 -17.783333 145.68333 6 467 Queensland 2423807675 [151,1115,1873,1901] 1997-12-17 -18.316668 146.0425 6 467 2 1 1 Queensland 2423807408 [1124,1432,1874,1901] 6 467 Queensland 2423807447 [151,968,1909,1937] 1998-10-24 Paluma & Birthday Ck. -18.966667 146.15 6 467 1 1 Queensland 2423807377 1998-03-25 Ck. S. Paluma 6 467 Queensland 2423807493 [414,1218,1945,1972] 1999-05-05 Le & Paluma & Camp Ck. Pe 146.15 Dimitriadis 6 467 1 1 Queensland 2423807494 1988-05-17 Yaccobine Ck. & Edward 6 467 1 1 Queensland 2423807616 [527,1365,1981,2008] 1989-09-27 -26.7 152.56667 6 467 Queensland 2423807432 [199,1372,2017,2044] 1996-04-11 Chaelundi N.P. & Chandlers Ck. -30.037 152.48767 6 467 New South Wales 2423807667 1996-10-09 Eve Ck. 7 468 -30.266666 152.83333 6 467 New South Wales 2423807542 1994-04-09 Barren Ground N.P. -34.666668 150.73334 7 468 New South Wales 2423807606 1988-09-01 ZSM Endrick R. & Rutherford Ck. -35.083332 150.13333 7 468 1 1 New South Wales 2423807376 1998-01-12 ACT Lees Ck. & Willis & Cranston -35.366665 148.83333 7 468 Australian Capital Territory 2423807436 [357,781,296,323] 1998-01-24 Willis 7 468 Australian Capital Territory 2423807560 [151,1258,332,359] 1989-04-13 Pe & Kakadu N.P. & Radon Spring -12.75 132.91667 7 468 4 4 Northern Territory 2423807562 1990-08-06 Litchfield N.P. -13.166667 130.68333 7 468 Northern Territory 2382714496 [199,1034,405,431] 1972-03-19 Angahook Forest, AV Angahook Forest Anglesea 7 468 1 Victoria 2423807426 2007-09-08 MV -16.975 145.56667 7 468 Queensland 2423807580 [582,1432,476,503] 2005-09-01 MVN -17.433332 145.46666 7 468 Queensland 2423807448 [151,1396,512,539] 2008-09-24 MV -18.9725 146.15433 7 468 Queensland 2423807467 2008-09-21 MV -18.972778 146.16444 7 468 Queensland 2423807546 [244,1295,584,612] 2008-09-22 MV 7 468 Queensland 2423807479 2008-09-25 MV -18.991667 146.205 7 468 Queensland 2423807501 2009-04-18 MV -26.041666 153.074 7 468 Queensland 2423807638 2007-01-05 MV 7 468 Northern Territory