Three new species of the spider family Pholcidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Taita-Taveta, Kenya Yao, Zhiyuan Kioko, Grace M. Kioko, Esther N. Li, Shuqiang Zootaxa 2019 2019-08-02 4651 1 114 124 95FF5 Yao & Li Yao & Kioko & Kioko & Li 2019 [151,508,1047,1074] Arachnida Pholcidae Buitinga Animalia Araneae 1 115 Arthropoda species qingyuani sp. nov.   Figs 1–2, 7   Type material.   Holotype:male (NMK-Ar29685), Mzima Springs( 2°59.049′S, 38°1.383′E, elev.  684 m), Tsavo West National Park, Mtito Andei Town, Taita-Taveta County, Kenya,  27 July 2016, G.M. Kioko, Z. Yaoand Q. Zhaoleg.   Paratypes: 2 malesand 3 females(NMK-Ar29686–29690), same data as holotype.  Etymology.The specific name is a patronym in honor of the collector Qingyuan Zhao, and is a noun (name) in genitive case.  Diagnosis.This species resembles  B. nigrescensBerland, 1920(see Huber 2003: 568, figs 6, 30, 92–98) with similar procursus ( Figs 1A–D) and epigynum ( Fig. 2A) but can be distinguished by males with pedipalpal femur with proximo-dorsal apophysis (arrow in Fig. 1B). In addition, males present larger cheliceral proximo-lateral apophysis ( Figs 2D–E), extremely swollen cheliceral frontal apophysis with distal projection ( Fig. 2E), and relatively short and wide bulbal apophysis ( Fig. 2C) than  B. nigrescens; and females present larger pore plates than  B. nigrescens( Fig. 2B).  Description. Male ( holotype):Total length 2.13 (2.50 with clypeus), carapace 0.66 long, 0.91 wide, opisthosoma 1.47 long, 1.14 wide. Leg I: 22.01 (5.45 + 0.44 + 5.64 + 8.08 + 2.40), leg II: 14.02 (3.85 + 0.45 + 3.44 + 4.87 + 1.41), leg III: 10.69 (3.01 + 0.36 + 2.66 + 3.64 + 1.02), leg IV: 13.54 (3.97 + 0.40 + 3.36 + 4.84 + 0.97); tibia I L/d: 56. Distance PME-PME 0.18; diameter PME 0.06; distance PME-ALE 0.02; AME absent. Sternum wider than long (0.70/0.63). Habitus as in Fig. 2F. Carapace yellowish, with dark brown lateral marks; ocular area, clypeus and sternum dark brown. Legs yellowish, but slightly whitish on distal parts of femora and tibiae, with darker rings on subdistal parts of femora and tibiae. Opisthosoma yellowish, with distinctive dark brown pattern. Ocular area slightly elevated. Thoracic furrow absent. Chelicerae as in Figs 2D–E, with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses, pair of extremely swollen frontal apophyses, each provided with small projection and strong modified setae distally, and pair of distal apophyses, each provided with four teeth. Pedipalps as in Figs 1A–B; coxa with ventral apophysis; trochanter with retrolatero-ventral apophysis; femur with large proximo-dorsal apophysis (arrow in Fig. 1B); trichobothria on tibia very distal; procursus simple, with three membranous process distally; bulb with weakly sclerotized embolus and short apophysis provided with two small apophyses (arrows in Fig. 2C). Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia I at 6%; legs with vertical setae on metatarsi, without spines and curved setae; tarsus I with 12 distinct pseudosegments.   FIGURE 1.  Buitinga qingyuaniYao & Li  sp. nov., holotype male. A–B. Pedipalp (A. Prolateral view; B. Retrolateral view, arrow points at proximo-dorsal apophysis on femur); C–D. Distal part of procursus (C. Prolateral view; D. Retrolateral view). b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, dt = dorsal trichobothrium, e = embolus, pr = procursus. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–D).   FIGURE 2.  Buitinga qingyuaniYao & Li  sp. nov., holotype male (C–F) and paratype female (A–B, G–I). A. Epigynum, ventral view; B. Vulva, dorsal view; C. Bulb, prolateral view, arrows point at two small apophyses; D–E. Chelicerae (D. Frontal view; E. Lateral view); F–I. Habitus (F–G. Dorsal view; H. Lateral view; I. Ventral view). b = bulb, ba = bulbal apophysis, da = distal apophysis, e = embolus, fa = frontal apophysis, pa = proximo-lateral apophysis, pp = pore plate. Scale bars: 0.10 (A–B), 0.05 (C–E), 0.50 (F–I).  Female:Similar to male, habitus as in Figs 2G–I. Total length 2.02 (2.38 with clypeus), carapace 0.55 long, 0.86 wide, opisthosoma 1.47 long, 1.13 wide; tibia I: 4.87; tibia I L/d: 51. Distance PME-PME 0.15; diameter PME 0.06; distance PME-ALE 0.04; AME absent. Sternum wider than long (0.58/0.50). Epigynum ( Fig. 2A) with straight scape anteriorly. Vulva ( Fig. 2B) with pair of large pore plates.  Distribution. Kenya(Taita-Taveta, typelocality; Fig. 7).  Natural History.The species was found on the web on a tree root. 2302322786 2016-07-27 G. M. Kioko & Z. Yao & Q. Zhao Kenya Taita-Taveta County 684 -2.98415 Mzima Springs 1 38.02305 Mtito Andei Town 1 115 1 holotype 2302322784 [199,1133,1227,1254] 2016-07-27 G. M. Kioko & Z. Yao & Q. Zhao Kenya Taita-Taveta County 684 -2.98415 Mzima Springs 1 38.02305 Mtito Andei Town 1 115 5 3 2 paratype