Linckia guildingii Gray, 1840: 285
Hendler et al. , 1995: 76
Benavides-Serrato et al ., 2011: 174
Fernandes et al . 2002: 422
Gondim et al . 2008: 154
Linckia guildingi – Pérez-Ruzafa et al . 1999: 47
Entrambasaguas, 2008: 63
Miranda et al . 2012: 144
Gondim et al . 2014: 32
Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from shallow-waters of the remote oceanic archipelago Trindade and Martin Vaz, southeastern Atlantic, with taxonomic and zoogeographical notes
Cunha, Rosana
Tavares, Marcos
Jr, Joel Braga De Mendonça
Zootaxa
2020
2020-02-19
4742
1
31
56
Gondim et al . 2014: 32
6QGCF
Gray, 1840
Gray
1840
[151,505,1376,1403]
Asteroidea
Ophidiasteridae
Linckia
Animalia
Valvatida
7
38
Echinodermata
species
guildingi
Figure 5
Linckia guildingii Gray, 1840: 285[ typelocality: San Vicente, Caribbean Sea, viz. Clark & Downey, 1992]; Hendler et al., 1995: 76, figs. 20–21; Benavides-Serrato et al., 2011: 174; Fernandes et al. 2002: 422; Gondim et al. 2008: 154. Linckia guildingi– Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 1999: 47; Williams, 2000; Entrambasaguas, 2008: 63; Miranda et al. 2012: 144; Gondim et al. 2014: 32, figs. 10a–e, 12d.
Trindade and Martin Vaz specimens. Brazil, Espírito Santo, Trindade Island, Enseada das Orelhas, 20°29’40.2”S, 29°20’32.9”W, 6.vii.2013, 14 m: 1 spm R=83, r=10 ( MZUSP 1591); 18.iv.2014, 12.1 m: 1 spm R=127, r=13 ( MZUSP 1604); 15.vi.2012, 9.7 m: 1 spm R=100, r=12 ( MZUSP 1608). Praia das Cabritas, 20°29’41”S, 29°19’39”W, 5.xi.2014, 13.7 m: 1 spm R=93, r=11 ( MZUSP 1590). Ponta Noroeste, 20°29’46.4”S, 29°20’35.4”W, 9.vii.2012, 17.7 m: 1 spm R=170, r=13 ( MZUSP 1594). Praia da Calheta, 20°30’26”S, 29°18’44”W, 24.vi.2012, 4 m: 4 spms, R=93, r=13; R=95, r=10; R=100, r=10; R=110, r=10 ( MZUSP 1593); 14.vii.2013, 4 m: 2 spms, R=70, r=9; R=113, r=12 ( MZUSP 1599); 26.vi.2012, 14.3 m: 1 spm, R=120, r=10 ( MZUSP 1606); 18.vi.2012, 12 m: 1 spm, R=100, r=8 ( MZUSP 1602); 10.iv.2014, 15 m: 1 spm, R=95, r=9 ( MZUSP 1605); 24.iv.2012, 4 m: 2 spms, R=77, r=8; R=97, r=8 ( MZUSP 1610). Parcel das Tartarugas, 20°30’37.6”S, 29°18’28.1”W, 28.vi.2012, 0 m: 1 spm R=90, r=8 ( MZUSP 1592). Enseada dos Portugueses, Farol, 20°30’52”S, 29°19’15”W, 17.iv.2014, 13.3 m: 1 spm R=97, r=9 ( MZUSP 1589); 15.vii.2013, 12 m: 1 spm R=83, r=10 ( MZUSP 1598). Enseada dos Portugueses, 20°30’52.3”S, 29°19’15.6”W, 8.vii.2015, 11.6 m: 1 spm R=43, r=5 ( MZUSP 1585); 31.vii.2015, 0 m: 1 spm R=105, r=11 ( MZUSP 1586); 18.iv.2014, 10.2 m: 3 spms R=47, r=6; R=53, r=11; R=60, r=7 ( MZUSP 1588); 10.vii.2012, 14.6 m: 1 spm R=43, r=4 ( MZUSP 1613). Enseada das Tartarugas, 20°30’56.7”S, 29°18’08.7”W, 5.vii.2013, 0 m: 5 spms, R=27, r=4; R=34, r=6; R=44, r=6; R=47, r=5; R=82, r=9 ( MZUSP 1583); 2.ii.2012, 15.2 m: 1 spm R=108, r=11 ( MZUSP 1595); 3.viii.2013, 12 m: 3 spms R=93, r=12; R=110, r=13; R=120, r=12 ( MZUSP 1597); 17.vii.2013, 9.9 m: 1 spm R=100, r=10 ( MZUSP 1601); 26.vi.2012, 9.5 m: 1 spm R=113, r=11 ( MZUSP 1607). Praia das Tartarugas, 20°31’03.89”S, 29°18’08.4”W, 12.iv.2014, 0 m: 1 spm R=48, r=6 ( MZUSP 1587). Enseada das Cachoeiras, Farrilhões, 20°31’22”S, 29°19’52”W, 9.vii.2013, 10.4 m: 1 spm R=165, r=13 ( MZUSP 1596). Enseada do Lixo, 20°31’33.9”S, 29°19’33.6”W, 24.vi.2012, 23.5 m: 3 spms R=170, r=13; R=230, r=15; R=260, r=10 ( MZUSP 1603). Martin Vaz Island, 20°30’45.7”S, 29°18’21.9”W, 24.vii.2013, 12.3 m: 1 spm R=90, r=14 ( MZUSP 1600). FIGURE 5. Linckia guildingi Gray, 1840. A.Specimen from Trindade Island photographed in situ(MZUSP 2015). B–I.MZUSP 1595: B, C.Abactinal and actinal views. D.Abactinal plates and papulae. E.Detail of the madreporite. F.Mouth. G.Ambulacral spines. H.Actinal granules. I.Tip of the arm, abactinal view. J–Q.Scanning electron microscope (MZUSP 1591). J–L.Abactinal plates. M–O.Ambulacral plates. P, Q.Adambulacral plates. Scale bars: B–C, 20 mm; D–I, 1 mm; J–Q, 200 μm. Comparative material. Brazil, Alagoas, Barra de Camaragibe, 9°20’19”S, 35°26’10”W, 29.x.2011: 1 spm R=57, r=6 ( MZUSP 1949). Bahia, Boipeba Island, Praia de Tassimirim, 13°34.882’S, 38°54.821’W, 15.viii.2011: 2 spms R=55, r=7; R=46, r=4 ( MZUSP 1950); Praia de Bainema, 13°38.274’S, 38°53.546’W, 19.viii.2011: 2 spms R=90, r=8; R=95, r=8 ( MZUSP 1951); Porto Seguro, Ponta Grande, 16°22.641’S, 39°00.342’W, 16.xi.2010, 0.6 m: 6 spms, R=26, r=5; R=60, r=6; R=60, r=7; R=61, r=7; R=62, r=6; R=63, r=6 ( MZUSP 1952). Rio de Janeiro, Angrados Reis, Ponta do Bananal, 23°04’23”S, 44°09’49”W, 20.i.2000: 1 spm, R=88, r=11 ( MZUSP 1953); Ilha Grande, Grumixama, 23°05’16”S, 44°14’14”W, 23.vii.1966: 1 spm, R=62, r=8 ( MZUSP 1954); Jorge Grego Island, 23°13’06”S, 44°13’65”W, 9.viii.2009: 1 spm, R=110, r=11 ( MZUSP 1955).
Distribution.Circumtropical ( Clark & Downey, 1992; Alvarado & Solis-Marin, 2013; Gondim et al. 2014). Brazil: Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, Rio de Janeiroand São Paulo(Verril, 1868; Rathbun, 1879; Verril, 1915; Brito, 1960, 1968; Tommasi, 1970; Clark & Downey, 1992; Ventura et al., 2006; Gondim et al., 2014). Depth range: 0–298 m( Clark & Downey, 1992). Recognition characters.Small disk in relation to total body size. Five (4–6) long, narrow, cylindrical arms. Abactinal plates tumid, polygonal, tessellate, irregularly arranged in a reticulate pattern. Primary plates on abactinal surface without secondary plates between them. Many large papular areas between abactinal plates, with 18–30 pores per area. Lowermost papular area above inferomarginal plates. Two rows of subambulacral spines, innermost consisting of large, granuliform, more rounded spines; one subambulacral spine for each two ambulacral spines. Pedicellariae absent ( Clark & Rowe, 1971; Clark & Downey, 1992). Color in life.Strongly variable. Adults have been reported to be reddish-brown, yellowish-brown, brownish or violet, whereas juveniles can be red, brown, violet or with purple spots ( Hendler et al. 1995). Clark & Downey (1992)referred to “usually mottled grey”. The Trindade were blue gray in color with scattered light spots ( Figure 5A). H. L. Clark (1933)suggested that changes in color pattern in this species might be related to habitat, but recently, Entrambasaguas (2008)found no evidence of changes in color pattern induced by habitat in L. guildingi. Genetic differentiation has been found between blue and orange morphs of L. laevigataacross the Indian and Pacific oceans ( Magsino et al. 2002). However, Williams (2000)recovered two clades within L. guildingibased on COI sequences, none of which referable to color or geographic distribution patterns. Habitats.Commonly encountered on coral reefs ( Williams, 2000), this is the most frequently encountered species in Trindade, where it can be found on corals, algae or rocky bottoms, between the tide zone and 23.5 m( Figure 5A).
Comments.Nine species of Linckiaare currently accepted, three of which have been recorded from the Atlantic Ocean: L. bouvieri Perrier, 1875(EA); L. nodosa Perrier, 1875(WA; also Saint Helena), and L. guildingi Gray, 1840(CT, including Ascension). The specimens from Trindade and Martin Vaz are confidently assigned to L. guildingion the basis of it having many large papular areas between the abactinal plates, primary plates on abactinal surface without secondary plates between them, and no large, raised hemispherical abactinal plates ( Fig. 5D), whereas L. bouvieriand L. nodosadisplay smaller papular areas, secondary plates between the primary ones, and have large, raised hemispherical abactinal plates. A single specimen, confidently referred to L. guildingiby Pawson (1978), is known from Ascension. Although Downey (1973)considered L. nodosa[as L. bouvieri] (R=134; R=144) the largest western Atlantic Ophidiasteridae, some Trindade specimens of L. guildingiare actually larger (R=165, MZUSP 1596; R=170, MZUSP 1594; MZUSP 1603; R=230 and R=260, MZUSP 1603).
2566071187
[593,1266,1643,1669]
Enseada das Orelhas
Brazil
Trindade Island
7
38
1
Espirito Santo
2566071183
2013-07-06
MZUSP
Brazil
-20.494501
1
-29.342472
7
38
MZUSP 1591
1
Espirito Santo
2566071158
2014-04-18
MZUSP
Brazil
12
7
38
MZUSP 1604
1
Espirito Santo
2566071214
[236,890,1714,1742]
2012-06-15
MZUSP
Brazil
10
7
38
MZUSP 1608
1
Espirito Santo
2566071226
[906,1121,1715,1741]
Brazil
Praia das Cabritas
7
38
1
Espirito Santo
2566071184
2014-11-05
MZUSP
Brazil
14
-20.494722
21
-29.327501
7
38
MZUSP 1590
1
Espirito Santo
2566071146
2012-07-09
MZUSP
Brazil
18
-20.496222
1
-29.343166
7
38
MZUSP 1594
1
Espirito Santo
2566071144
[662,848,1787,1813]
Brazil
Praia da Calheta
7
38
1
Espirito Santo
2566071200
2012-06-24
MZUSP
Brazil
-20.507223
21
-29.312222
7
38
MZUSP 1593
1
Espirito Santo
2566071159
2013-07-14
MZUSP
Brazil
7
38
MZUSP 1599
1
Espirito Santo
2566071147
[403,1047,1859,1886]
2012-06-26
MZUSP
Brazil
14
7
38
MZUSP 1606
1
Espirito Santo
2566071175
2012-06-18
MZUSP
Brazil
7
38
MZUSP 1602
1
Espirito Santo
2566071185
[394,1000,1894,1922]
2014-04-10
MZUSP
Brazil
7
38
MZUSP 1605
1
Espirito Santo
2566071217
2012-04-24
MZUSP
Brazil
7
38
MZUSP 1610
1
Espirito Santo
2566071163
2012-06-28
MZUSP
Brazil
-20.510445
1
-29.307804
7
38
MZUSP 1592
1
Espirito Santo
2566071180
2014-04-17
MZUSP
Brazil
13
-20.514444
21
-29.320835
7
38
MZUSP 1589
1
Espirito Santo
2566071227
[344,961,2002,2030]
2013-07-15
MZUSP
Brazil
7
38
MZUSP 1598
1
Espirito Santo
2566071188
2015-07-08
MZUSP
Brazil
12
8
39
-20.514528
1
-29.321001
7
38
MZUSP 1585
1
Espirito Santo
2566071201
2015-07-31
MZUSP
Brazil
8
39
MZUSP 1586
1
Espirito Santo
2566071213
[232,1120,188,215]
2014-04-18
MZUSP
Brazil
10
8
39
MZUSP 1588
1
Espirito Santo
2566071198
2012-07-10
MZUSP
Brazil
15
8
39
MZUSP 1613
1
Espirito Santo
2566071165
2013-07-05
MZUSP
Brazil
-20.51575
1
-29.302416
8
39
MZUSP 1583
1
Espirito Santo
2566071153
2012-02-02
MZUSP
Brazil
15
8
39
MZUSP 1595
1
Espirito Santo
2566071209
[235,1200,296,323]
2013-08-03
MZUSP
Brazil
8
39
MZUSP 1597
1
Espirito Santo
2566071195
2013-07-17
MZUSP
Brazil
10
8
39
MZUSP 1601
1
Espirito Santo
2566071186
[589,1220,332,360]
2012-06-26
MZUSP
Brazil
10
8
39
MZUSP 1607
1
Espirito Santo
2566071151
Brazil
Praia das Tartarugas
8
39
1
Espirito Santo
2566071220
[204,1144,368,395]
2014-04-12
MZUSP
Brazil
-20.517748
1
-29.302332
8
39
MZUSP 1587
1
Espirito Santo
2566071228
[281,1224,404,431]
2013-07-09
MZUSP
Brazil
10
-20.522778
21
-29.331112
8
39
MZUSP 1596
1
Espirito Santo
2566071157
[1237,1432,405,431]
Brazil
Enseada do Lixo
8
39
1
Espirito Santo
2566071164
[151,1432,440,468]
2012-06-24
MZUSP
Brazil
24
-20.526083
1
-29.326
8
39
MZUSP 1603
1
Espirito Santo
2566071193
[151,354,477,503]
Brazil
Martin Vaz Island
8
39
1
Espirito Santo
2566071154
[365,1331,476,504]
2013-07-24
MZUSP
Brazil
12
-20.512695
1
-29.306082
8
39
MZUSP 1600
1
Espirito Santo
2566071172
2011-10-29
MZUSP
Brazil
-9.338611
Barra de Camaragibe
21
-35.43611
8
39
MZUSP 1949
1
Alagoas
2566071196
2011-08-15
MZUSP
Brazil
-13.581367
Praia de Tassimirim
1
-38.913685
Boipeba Island
8
39
MZUSP 1950
1
Bahia
2566071162
2011-08-19
MZUSP
Brazil
-13.6379
Praia de Bainema
1
-38.892433
8
39
MZUSP 1951
1
2566071176
2010-11-16
MZUSP
Brazil
6
-16.37735
Ponta Grande
1
-39.0057
Porto Seguro
8
39
MZUSP 1952
1
2566071208
2000-01-20
MZUSP
Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
-23.073057
Reis
21
-44.163612
Angra
8
39
MZUSP 1953
1
2566071178
1966-07-23
MZUSP
Iceland
-23.087778
Grumixama
21
-44.23722
Grande
8
39
MZUSP 1954
1
2566071161
2009-08-09
MZUSP
Ilha
-23.218334
Jorge Grego Island
8
39
MZUSP 1955
1