Endemic Families of Madagascar. XIII. New, restricted range species of Eremolaena Baill. and Schizolaena Thouars (Sarcolaenaceae) Lowry II, Porter P. Nusbaumer, Louis Randrianasolo, Armand Schatz, George E. Hong-Wa, Cynthia Candollea 2014 2014-12-01 69 2 183 193 4VB6Z Lowry & G. E. Schatz Lowry & G. E. Schatz 2014 [98,615,707,731] Magnoliopsida Sarcolaenaceae Schizolaena Plantae Malvales 5 188 Tracheophyta species charlotteae sp. nov.     Typus:   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Région Anosy, Bemangidy, Commune Iabokoho, Fokontany Antsotso, Ivohibe forest, 24°34’10’’S 47°12’37’’E,  41 m,  24.V.2006, fr.,  Antilahimena4876( holo-: MO-6564308!; iso-: G!, K!, P [P00722627]!, TAN!, WAG!).    Schizolaena charlotteae Lowry & G. E. Schatzdiffers from its most similar congener, S. milleri Lowry& al., by its sparse grayish stellate indument obscuring the dark outer surface of the sepals beneath (vs. dense whitish stellate indument not obscuring the sepal surface), large petals 10- 14 mmlong that are bright pinkish red grading to yellow toward the margins (vs. 7-8 mmlong and white), 90 to 100 stamens (vs. ca. 265), and an involucre in fruit with processes that are 10-16 mmlong and 1 mmwide below the apex (vs. 3-9 mmlong and 0.2-0.5 mmwide).   Shrubsto trees 2-15 mtall. Twigsglabrous or sparsely hispidulose, with small, elongate lenticels. Leaveselliptic to slightly ovate or obovate, chocolate brown above (in dry material), lighter and more orangish below, subcoriaceous, (3-)4- 7.5 × (1.2-) 1.5-3 cm, glabrous on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate to rounded, margin entire, minutely thickened, slightly revolute, apex acute to nearly rounded, sometimes slightly retuse, venation brochidodromous, with 6 to 9 pairs of alternate to subopposite, weakly raised secondary veins joined by rounded arches, midrib plane above, raised below; petiole 6- 9 mmlong, glabrous or with scattered stellate indumentum; stipules narrowly ovate to ovate, membranous, with nearly obscure parallel venation, 10-12 × 5-7 mm, base rounded, apex acute, caducous, leaving a small scar. Inflorescencecomprising 1 or 2 (rarely 3) unbranched axes, each with a pair of bracts borne near the middle and bearing 1 or 2 terminal flowers, axis ca. 10 mmin bud, expanding to 20-22 mmat anthesis, moderately to densely papillose stellate-strigose, bractsbroadly elliptic to nearly circular, 4 × 3-4 mm, apex rounded, minutely stellate on abaxial surface, pubescent on adaxial surface, caducous, ultimate axes below the involucre 6-10 mmlong, moderately papillose stellate, involucrein flower broadly cupuliform, with numerous cylindrical to narrowly triangular teeth, moderately to densely papillose stellate on both surfaces, containing 1 or 2 sessile flowers; sepals3, imbricate, broadly ovate, adaxially concave, 9-10 × 6 mmat anthesis, with short stellate-papillose indumentum on the exposed part of the abaxial surface, the portion hidden by the overlapping adjacent sepal with both papillose stellate and short lanate indumentum, margins entire, the hidden portion tinged deep pinkishred, apex rounded to acute; petals5, obovate, bright pinkish red, yellow toward the margins, slightly succulent in fresh material, chartaceous when dry, 10-14 × 6-8 mm, with dense, appressed sericeous indument in the central portion of the abaxial surface, glabrous toward the entire margins, glabrous on the adaxial surface, apex rounded to broadly acute; stamensca. 90-100, filaments slender, ca. 4 mmlong, glabrous, anthers elliptic to nearly circular, 0.8 mmlong, introrse, dehiscent through longitudinal slits; ovarybroadly conical, densely white woolly tomentose, 3-locular; stylecylindrical, erect, ca. 9 mmlong, stigmaterminal, minutely 3-lobed, glabrous. Fruitsubglobose, ca. 15 mmin diam., with dense stellate indumentum, most trichomes with the central branch much longer than the others, capsule dehiscent by 3 longitudinal sutures, exocarp cartilaginous, rugose, dry sepals and filaments persistent; involucreexpanded, broadly cupulate, fleshy and sticky, green in nearly mature fresh material, ca. 25 × 20 mm, sparsely stellate pubescent to glabrous on both surfaces, with 5 broadly ovate, nearly equal lobes divided ca. 1/2 of the way to the base, each lobe with 7 to 10 narrowly triangular to lanceolate or cylindrical, occasionally bifid processes, each 7-16 mmlong, ca. 1 mmwide just below the apex; seeds1 per locule.   Distribution and ecology. –  Schizolaena charlotteaeis known only from lowland humid forest at Bemangidy- Ivohibe, situated just a few km to the west of the village of Antsotso in the Tsitongambarika New Protected Area, which encompasses much of the Vohimena range to the north of Tolagnaro ( Fig. 3).   Conservation status. – The sole forest (Bemangidy-Ivohibe) from which  Schizolaena charlotteaeis currently known has temporary protection status as part of the larger Tsitongambarika New Protected Area. However, until permanent protection has been established, the forest is still potentially subject to local disturbance and illicit exploitation, especially along its eastern edge where  S. charlotteaehas been collected. Therefore, with a very restricted AOO of ca. 20 km 2and only a single location, coupled with the possibility for rapid decline due to the effects of human activities if protection of the Bemangidy-Ivohibe forest is not maintained,  S. charlotteaecan be assigned a risk of extinction of “Vulnerable” [VU D2] following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria ( IUCN, 2012).   Notes. –  Schizolaena charlotteaeis part of a morphologically coherent group of species that also includes  S. laurinaBaill.,  S. milleriLowry& al. and  S. roseaThouars, characterized by several features including: glabrous petioles and young branches; dense, straight, appressed indumentum on the abaxial surface of the petals; ovate and usually persistent stipules and inflorescence bracts; and an involucre in fruit that is broadly to narrowly cupuliform or funnelform. Indeed, one of the collections of our new species, Service Forestier 28662, was originally assigned by LOWRY & al. (1999)to  S. milleri, known otherwise only from littoral forest on white sand and low elevation humid forest on laterite, from near the village of Ambavala (north of Sambava) extending south to Foulpointe, fully 800 kmto the north of the only known locality of  S. charlotteae. Using the key to species of  Schizolaenaprovided by LOWRY & al. (1999), material of this new species would be identified as  S. milleri. However, it differs in several features of the flower and fruiting involucre, as indicated below in Table 1. Specimens of Service Forestier 28662at P were originally annotated as ‘  S. delphinensis’ by J.-F. Leroy, but the name was never validly published. The Bemangidy-Ivohibe forest has been the focus of intensive botanical inventory conducted over the last decade by teams from the MissouriBotanical Garden and the Rio Tinto-QMM mining company in order to assess its suitability as a conservation offset site ( BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL, 2011; TEMPLE & al. 2012). Dozens of new taxa have been documented from Bemangidy-Ivohibe, some of which have already been described, including new genera of  Sapotaceae,  BemangidiaL. Gaut.AUTIER & al., 2013) and  Asteraceae,  LowryanthusPruskiRUSKI, 2014) and new species in several families such as  Gnidia razakamalalanaZ. S. Rogers(  Thymelaeaceae; ROGERS, 2006),  IvodeaanosiensisRabarim. & al. and  I. macrocarpaRabarim.& al. (  Rutaceae;RABARIMANARIVO & al., in press), and  Micronychia bemangidiensisRandrian. & Lowry(  Anacardiaceae;RANDRIANASOLO & LOWRY, 2009).   Etymology. – This species is named in honor of our friend and colleague Professor Charlotte Rajeriarson, recently retired from the Université d’Antananarivo, who has played a key role in training an entire generation of Malagasy botanists, and who served as the first President of the IUCN MadagascarPlant Specialist Group, helping to ensure the successful establishment of this important national initiative.    Paratypes. –   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Région Anosy, Tsitongambarika, Commune Iabokoho, Fokontany Antsotso, forêt dense humide d’Ivohibe, 24°34’S 47°11’E,  5.IV.2008, fl.,  Ramison & al.581( G, MO-6564309, P[ P00722628], TEF);  ibid. loc., 24°34’04’’S 47°12’37’’E,  90 m,  9.II.2006, fl.,  Randriatafika & al.653( MO, P[ P00722633], TEF);  Forêt de Bemangidy, entre les fleuves Vatomena et Manambato, au N de Ft. Dauphin, [ 24°34’S 47°12’E],  14.XII. 1968, fl.,  Service Forestier28662( MO-5189144, P[ P00490165, P00490166]). 3416949309 2006-05-24 MO Antilahimena Madagascar 41 -24.569445 Bemangidy 21 47.210278 5 188 MO-6564308 1 Prov. Toliara holotype 3416949303 2006-05-24 G, K, P, TAN, WAG Antilahimena Madagascar 41 -24.569445 Bemangidy 21 47.210278 5 188 P00722627 1 Prov. Toliara isotype 3416949311 2008-04-05 G, P, TEF Ramison & al. Madagascar -24.566668 Tsitongambarika 1250 47.183334 7 190 MO-6564309, P00722628 1 Prov. Toliara paratype 3416949305 2006-02-09 MO, P, TEF Randriatafika & al. Madagascar 90 -24.56778 Tsitongambarika 21 47.210278 7 190 P00722633 1 Prov. Toliara paratype 3416949310 1968-12-14 P Service Forestier -24.566668 Foret de Bemangidy 1250 47.2 7 190 MO-5189144, P00490165, P00490166 1 paratype