Canthon pygidialis Schmidt, 1922: 65 Balthasar 1939: 192 Blackwelder 1944: 201 Krajcik 2006: 30 Krajcik 2012: 64 Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018: 63 Scybalocanthon pygidialis : Pereira & Martínez 1956: 114 Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 639 Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 554 Halffter & Martínez 1977: 67 Medina et al. 2003: 49 Scybalocanthon pygidiale Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 A taxonomic revision of the genus Scybalocanthon Martínez, 1948 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) Silva, Fernando A. B. Valois, Marcely Zootaxa 2019 2019-07-08 4629 3 301 341 4W3LV (Schmidt, 1922) Schmidt 1922 [151,672,1485,1512] Insecta Scarabaeidae Scybalocanthon Animalia Coleoptera 30 331 Arthropoda species pygidialis  ( Figs. 2B, 4T, 5S, 6D)      Canthon pygidialis Schmidt, 1922: 65, 79, 90 (original description and remarks);  Balthasar 1939: 192(description);  Blackwelder 1944: 201(checklist);  Krajcik 2006: 30(catalog);  Krajcik 2012: 64(catalog);  Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018: 63(data of typespecimens), 64 (figures 85-88).     Scybalocanthon pygidialis: Pereira & Martínez 1956: 114, 119 (catalog and identification key);  Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 639(catalog);  Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 554(distribution, identification key);  Halffter & Martínez 1977: 67(species list);  Medina et al.2003: 49(fig. 119).    Scybalocanthon pygidiale:  Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194(checklist).   Diagnosis. Specimens of  S. pygidialisare readily distinguishable from all the remaining species in the genus by the pronotum with longitudinal dark band on midline anteriorly ( Fig. 2B); elytra brown or dark yellow, with black spot almost inconspicuous on the margin ( Fig. 2B); eighth elytral stria with thin carina at the anterior portion; parameres strongly asymmetrical ( Fig. 4T); endophallus with bristles right beside the FLP sclerite ( Fig. 5S); and additional sclerite ( AS) absent ( Fig. 5S).   Description. Body.Oval-elongate. Surface opaque, completely microgranulate. Color. Most of pronotum, lateral portion of hypomera, metaepisternae, metaventrite, abdominal ventrites, pygidium, middle of femora, and tibiae yellow or light brown. Head, elytra, prosternum, mesoventrite, mesoepisternae, trochanters, and proximal and distal portions of femora dark brown or black. Length.8.0– 9.2 mm. Thorax. Pronotum with brown vertical spot on the anterocentral portion ( Fig. 2B), spot not touching the posterior margin of pronotum. Anterior angles of pronotum approximately 85°. Lateral margin regularly curved outward, not forming an angle at the middle portion. Elytra. Striae thin and shiny, punctures inconspicuous. Eighth stria with a thin carina at the anterior portion ( Fig. 3D). Aedeagus.Parameres strongly asymmetrical ( Fig. 4T). Dorsal margin of right paramere curved inward, apex obliquely truncate. Ventral margin of right paramere substraight, with short and rounded excavation at the basal portion. Dorsal margin of left paramere curved inward from the basal to medial portions, apical portion with pointed projection. Ventral margin of left paramere substraight, with short and bilobate excavation at the basal portion, apical portion pointed. SRP circular, with substraight handle-shaped extension ( Fig. 5S). FLP short, comma shaped, with three sets of bristles right beside it ( Fig. 5S); or with two sets of bristles and a set of microbristles right beside it ( Fig. 5T). A+SA with two superposed and elongate sclerites ( Fig. 5S-T).   Type material.  Canthon pygidialisSchmidt,   lectotype ♂( here designated; SMTD): “Amazonas” // “ Coll. C. Felsch/ Kauf20 / 1918” // “  Canthon/ pygidialis/ n. sp. a. Schmidt” // “ LECTOTYPE ♂/  Canthon/  pygidialis/ Schmidt/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.   Paralectotypes 1♂and 4♀( SMTD): “ Surinam” // “ Coll. C. Felsche/ Kauf20 / 1918” // “ PARALECTOTYPE/  Canthon ♂or ♀/  pygidialis/ Schmidt/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.  Paralectotype   ♀( SMTD): “ Coll. C. Felsche/ Kauf20 / 1918” // “ PARALECTOTYPE/  Canthon ♀/  pygidialis/ Schmidt/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.  Paralectotype   ♂( NHRS): “ Surinam” // “pygidialis” // “32 / 56” // “3056 / E92 +” “PARA- LECTOTYPE  ♂/  Canthon/  pygidialisSchm./ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.   Paralectotype ♀( NHRS): “ Surinam” // “ pygidiali” // “3054 / E92+” // “  Scybalocanthon/  pygidialis/ Schm/ P. Pereira Det. 60” // “ PARALECTOTYPE  ♀/  Canthon/  pygidialis Schm./ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.   Paralectotype ♀( NHRS): “ Surinam” // “ pygidialis, A. Schm.” // “ Scybalocanthon/ pygidialis / ( Schm) / P. Pereiradet. 60” // “3055 / E92 +” // “ PARALECTOTYPE  ♀/  Canthon/  pygidialis Schm./ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.   Paralectotype ♀( MNHU): “ S. Amerika/ Surinam/ Berlik Paramaribo/ C. HellerS. V.” // “  rufulus?” // “  Canthon/  pygidialis/ n.sp. a. Schmidt” // “117088” // “PARALEC- TOTYPE /  Canthon ♀/  pygidialis/ Schmidt/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.  Paralectotype   ♀( MNHU): “columbi?” / “Coll. L. W. SchaufuB” // “=117089” // “117089” // “ PARALECTOTYPE/  Canthon/  pygidialis/ Schmidt/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello”.  Non-type material [   86 males, 55 females]: BRAZIL:AMAZONAS: 90 kmN of Manaus( 60°1’34’’W, 3°6’26’’ S),  xi.1997, E. Andresen— 15♂ 9♀( CEMT);  90 kmN of Manaus( 60°1’34’’W, 3°6’26’’ S), X–XI.1996, E. Andresen— 2♂ 1♀( CEMT);  Manaus, Reserva Adolpho Ducke(sede) ( 59°58’32”W, 02°55’49”S),  3.v.2013, F.Z. Vaz-de-Mello— 5♂ 4♀( CEMT);  Manaus, Reserva Adolpho Ducke(sede) ( 59°55’40”W, 2°57’42”S),  16.v.2012, J. Bonanomi— 11♂ 5♀( CEMT);  RORAIMA: Pacaraima, primary forest, ix.  1996, 900 m, Ribeiro& Vaz-de-Mello— 1♀( CEMT);  AMAPÁ: Serra do Navio, Cava Urucum-Amapari( 51°52’53”W, 00°53’06”S),  ix.2000, R. Ribon— 2♂ 2♀( CEMT).   VENEZUELA: BOLÍVAR,  85 kmS El Dorado( 6°7’58’’N, 61°25’34’’W),  23–25.viii.1983, B.D. Gill— 2♂( CMNC); km 40 Santa Elena, Icabarú Road,  1000 m( 7°26’20’’N, 61°33’30’’W),  4-6.viii.1986, B.D. Gill— 1♂( CMNC); “km 88”,  8 kmS San Isidro( 6°8’58’’N, 61°25’55’’W),  25.vi–11.vii.1987, S. & J. Peck, lowland rainforest, flight interception trap— 2♀( CMNC);  Quebrada de Jaspe( 4°54’30’’N, 61°5’30’’W),  19–20.vii.1986, B. Gill— 1♂( CMNC).   FRENCH GUIANA: Maripa,  8.xi.1969, G. Halffter— 1♂( CEMT);   18.4 kmSSE Roura,  240 m( 4°36’38’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  22–24.v.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-24)— 1♂( CMNC);   18.4 kmSSE Roura,  240 m( 4°36’38’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  25–29.v.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-81)— 1♂( CMNC);   18.4 kmSSE Roura,  240 m( 4°36’38’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  29.v–10.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-180)— 1♂ 2♀( CMNC);   27.4 kmSSE Roura,  280 m( 4°44’20’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  23–24.v.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-22)— 1♂( CMNC);   27.4 kmSSE Roura,  280 m( 4°44’20’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  25–29.v.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-79)— 1♂ 1♀( CMNC);   27.4 kmSSE Roura,  280 m( 4°44’20’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  10.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-177)— 6♂ 6♀( CMNC, MZUFPA);   39.4 kmSSE Roura,  270 m( 4°32’43’’N, 52°8’26’’W),  29.v–10.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-172)— 2♂( CMNC);   41.5 kmSSW Matoury,  50 m( 4°37’22’’N, 52°22’35’’W),  29.v–9.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-170)— 1♂ 3♀( CMNC);  8.4 kmSSE, Roura,  200 m( 4°40’41’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  25–29.v.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-88)— 2♂ 1♀( CMNC);  8.4 kmSSE, Roura,  200 m( 4°40’41’’N, 52°13’25’’W),  29.v–10.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-182)— 9♂ 7♀( CMNC, MZUFPA); D-5, 4 km SE Tonnégrandjunction ( 4°52’10’’N, 52°31’55’’W),  25-27.viii.1995, J.E. Wappes— 1♂( CMNC);  Les Eaux Claires,  7 kmN Saül,  220 m( 3°39’46’’N, 53°13’19’’W),  31.v–3.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, pitfall trap, human dung (1997-126)— 2♀( CMNC);  Mont Galbao, Saül,  740 m( 3°37’18’’N, 53°16’42’’W),  5–7.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-153)— 1♂( CMNC);  Mont La Fumée,  3 kmNW Les Eaux Claires, 7 kmN Saül,  490 m( 3°39’46’’N, 53°13’19’’W),  1–8.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, flight interception trap(1997-162)— 1♂ 1♀( CMNC);  Mont La Fumée,  3 kmNW Les Eaux Claires, 7 kmN Saül,  490 m( 3°39’46’’N, 53°13’19’’W),  1–8.vi.1997, J. Ashe& R. Brooks, human dung trap(1997-163)— 1♂( CMNC);  Rivière Lunier, 1899, F. Geay— 1♂ 1♀( CMNC); CAYENNE: Nouragues( 52°40W, 4°5’S),  iii.1997, F. Feer— 4♂( CEMT);  Paracoufield station,  x.2003, F. Feer— 2♂ 2♀( CEMT);  Sain Eugène, Barrage de Petit Saut( 53°4’W, 4°5’S),  xii.1998, F. Feer— 2♂ 2♀( CEMT);  Saint Georgesde I’ Oy- apok ( 51°48’W, 3°54’S),  v.2014, F. Feer— 1♂( CEMT).   SURINAME: BROKOPONDO, Brownsberg Natuurpark[site 2],  440 m( 4°56’55’’N, 55°10’53’’W),  25.vi.1999, Z. Falin, flight interception trap( FIT121)—  1♂( CMNC);  COMMEWIJNE, Akintosoel, CELOS camp, road to Redi Doli,  50 m( 5°16’17’’N, 54°55’15’’W),  2.vii.1999, Z. Falin, dung trap— 1♂( CMNC);  Akintosoel, CELOS camp, road to Redi Doli,  50 m( 5°16’17’’N, 54°55’15’’W),  3.vii.1999, Z. Falin— 1♀( CMNC);  MAROWIJNE, Nassau Mountains( 4°48’N, 54°36’W),  5.iii.1949, D.C.Gei- jskes— 1♂( CMNC);  Palumeu,  160 m( 3°20’56’’N, 55°26’18’’W),  8.vii.1999, Z. Falin, flight interception trap— 1♂ 1♀( CMNC);  Palumeu,  160 m( 3°20’56’’N, 55°26’18’’W),  9.vii.1999, Z. Falin, flight interception trap— 3♂ 1♀( CMNC);  PARA,  11 kmSE Zanderij Airport,  30 m( 5°23’30’’N, 55°9’30’’W),  20.vi.1999, Z. Falin, flight interception trap— 1♀( CMNC).   Distribution.Known from Brazil( Amapá, Amazonas, and Roraima), Venezuela, French Guiana, and Suriname( Fig. 6D). Endemism areas: Brazilian sub-region: Boreal Brazilian dominion: Imeri, Pantepui, Guianan Lowlands, and Roraima provinces (see Morrone 2014; fig. 12).   Remarks.Male genitalia of specimens from French Guianaand north of Brazil( Amapá) present only two sets of bristles and one set of microbristles right beside the FLP sclerite ( Fig. 5T), while specimens of  S. pygidialisexamined from other regions (Amazonas and Roraima) exhibit three sets of bristles right beside the FLP sclerite ( Fig. 5S). However, no significant differences were observed in the external morphology and the shape of parameres among these examined specimens ( Figs. 2B, 4T). The apparent allopatric distribution between these populations may be artificial due to a lack of collections. Therefore, the discrete differences described here may turn out to be continuous if more specimens are examined along this gap, that is, one form can itself intergrades into the other across this putative chain of populations, or if the forms themselves are indeed discrete, the frequency between them may vary across this population. Thus, we chose to describe at this time these two patterns only as an intraspecific variation of  Scybalocanthon pygidialis. 2847261615 SMTD Coll. C. Felsch Schmidt Kauf 31 332 2 2 lectotype 2847261401 SMTD Coll. C. Felsche Suriname Kauf 31 332 7 5 2 paralectotype 2847261624 SMTD Coll. C. Felsche Suriname Kauf 31 332 2 2 paralectotype 2847261565 NHRS Suriname Surinam 31 332 2 2 lectotype 2847261539 NHRS P. Pereira Det. & F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello Suriname Surinam 31 332 2 2 paralectotype 2847261625 NHRS Suriname P. Pereira Schm 31 332 2 2 paralectotype 2847261427 MNHU S. Amerika & C. Heller & F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello Suriname Paramaribo 31 332 2 2 Paramaribo paralectotype 2847261521 MNHU F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello Suriname 31 332 1 1 Paramaribo paralectotype 2847261476 1997-11 CEMT Brazil -3.107222 Manaus 21 -60.02611 31 332 165 64 101 2847261409 CEMT Brazil -3.107222 Manaus 21 -60.02611 31 332 3 1 2 2847261535 2013-05-03 CEMT Brazil -2.9302778 Reserva Adolpho Ducke 21 -59.975555 Manaus 31 332 9 4 5 2847261491 2012-05-16 CEMT Brazil -2.9616668 Reserva Adolpho Ducke 21 -59.92778 Manaus 31 332 16 5 11 2847261309 CEMT Ribeiro Brazil 1996900 Pacaraima 31 332 1 1 Roraima 2847261369 2000-09 CEMT Brazil -0.885 Cava Urucum-Amapari 21 -51.881386 Serra do Navio 31 332 4 2 2 Amapa 2847261650 1983-08-23 1983-08-25 1983-08-23 CMNC Venezuela 6.1327777 85 km S El Dorado 21 -61.426113 31 332 2 2 Bolivar 2847261455 1986-08-04 1986-08-06 1986-08-04 CMNC Venezuela 1000 7.438889 Icabaru Road 21 -61.558334 Santa Elena 31 332 1 1 2847261482 1987-06-25 1987-07-11 1987-06-25 CMNC Peck Venezuela 6.149444 8 km S San Isidro 21 -61.431946 31 332 2 2 2847261419 1986-07-19 1986-07-20 1986-07-19 CMNC Venezuela 4.9083333 Quebrada de Jaspe 21 -61.091667 31 332 1 1 2847261638 [416,1181,1556,1583] 1969-11-08 CEMT French Guiana Maripa 31 332 1 1 2847261619 1997-05-22 1997-05-24 1997-05-22 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 240 4.6105556 18.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 1 1 2847261406 1997-05-25 1997-05-29 1997-05-25 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 240 4.6105556 18.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 1 1 2847261503 1997-05-29 1997-06-10 1997-05-29 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 240 4.6105556 18.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 3 2 1 2847261558 1997-05-23 1997-05-24 1997-05-23 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 280 4.738889 27.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 1 1 2847261657 1997-05-25 1997-05-29 1997-05-25 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 280 4.738889 27.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 2 1 1 2847261637 1997-06-10 CMNC, MZUFPA J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 280 4.738889 27.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 12 6 6 2847261524 1997-05-29 1997-06-10 1997-05-29 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 270 4.5452776 39.4 km SSE Roura 21 -52.140556 31 332 2 2 2847261429 1997-05-29 1997-06-09 1997-05-29 CMNC J. Ashe & Brooks French Guiana 50 4.622778 41.5 km SSW Matoury 21 -52.37639 31 332 4 3 1 2847261383 1997-05-25 1997-05-29 1997-05-25 CMNC J. Ashe & R. Brooks French Guiana 200 4.6780553 Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 3 1 2 2847261542 1997-05-29 1997-06-10 1997-05-29 CMNC, MZUFPA J. Ashe & R. Brooks French Guiana 200 32 333 4.6780553 Roura 21 -52.22361 31 332 16 7 9 2847261627 1995-08-25 1995-08-27 1995-08-25 CMNC French Guiana 4.8694444 Tonnegrand 21 -52.531944 32 333 1 1 2847261593 1997-05-31 1997-06-03 1997-05-31 CMNC J. Ashe & R. Brooks French Guiana 220 3.662778 Les Eaux Claires 21 -53.221947 32 333 2 2 2847261654 1997-06-05 1997-06-07 1997-06-05 CMNC J. Ashe & R. Brooks French Guiana 740 3.621667 Saul 21 -53.27833 Mont Galbao 32 333 1 1 2847261431 1997-06-01 1997-06-08 1997-06-01 CMNC J. Ashe & R. Brooks French Guiana 490 3.662778 Saul 21 -53.221947 Mont La Fumee 32 333 2 1 1 2847261352 1997-06-01 1997-06-08 1997-06-01 CMNC J. Ashe & R. Brooks French Guiana 490 3.662778 Saul 21 -53.221947 Mont La Fumee 32 333 1 1 2847261428 [746,1288,405,431] CMNC French Guiana Riviere Lunier 32 333 2 1 1 2847261415 1997-03 CEMT French Guiana -4.0833335 Nouragues 1307 -52.666668 32 333 4 4 2847261465 [824,1432,441,467] 2003-10 CEMT French Guiana Paracou 32 333 4 2 2 2847261358 [151,1155,476,503] 1998-12 CEMT French Guiana -4.0833335 Barrage de Petit Saut 1307 -53.066666 Sain Eugene 32 333 4 2 2 2847261437 2014-05 CEMT French Guiana -3.9 Saint Georges 1307 -51.8 32 333 1 1 2847261496 1999-06-25 FIT Z. Falin Suriname 440 4.9486113 Brownsberg Natuurpark 21 -55.18139 32 333 FIT121 1 Brokopondo 2847261545 [1290,1432,549,575] CMNC Suriname 32 333 1 1 2847261477 1999-07-02 CMNC Z. Falin Suriname 50 5.271389 Redi Doli 21 -54.920834 Akintosoel 32 333 1 1 Commewijne 2847261362 1999-07-03 CMNC Suriname 50 5.271389 Redi Doli 21 -54.920834 Akintosoel 32 333 1 1 2847261509 1949-03-05 CMNC R.D. Cave Suriname 4.8 Nassau Mountains 1306 -54.6 32 333 1 1 Marowijne 2847261522 1999-07-08 CMNC Z. Falin Suriname 160 3.3488889 Palumeu 21 -55.438335 32 333 2 1 1 2847261528 1999-07-09 CMNC Z. Falin Suriname 160 3.3488889 Palumeu 21 -55.438335 32 333 4 1 3 2847261500 1999-06-20 CMNC Z. Falin Suriname 30 5.3916664 11 km SE Zanderij Airport 21 -55.158337 32 333 1 1 Para