The lace web spiders (Araneae, Phyxelididae) of Madagascar: phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy Griswold, Charles E. Wood, Hannah Marie Carmichael, Anthea D. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2012 2012-03-20 164 4 728 810 CPH8 Griswold & Wood & Carmichael, 2012 Griswold & Wood & Carmichael 2012 [300,531,857,878] Arachnida Phyxelididae Ambohima Animalia Araneae 66 794 Arthropoda species zandry sp. nov.  ( FIGS 7F, 15A–E, 24A–E, 34E–I, 38E, F, 43J–L, 59)  Types:  Holotypemale and paratypefemale ( CASENT9003543) collected by beating low vegetation in montane rainforest in Parc National Montagne d’Ambre, Antsiranana Province, Madagascar,  2–7 February 2001by J. J. Rafanomezantsoa, deposited in CASC.  Etymology:The specific name is from the Malagasy word for a little one; a noun in apposition.  Diagnosis:Male with palp as in Figures 15A–Cand 24A–E, embolic base convex, reservoir course across embolic base nearly straight. Female vulva as in Figures 15E, 34G, H, and 38E, F, spermathecal ducts spiralling around a central, longitudinal spiral chamber, ducts make three or fewer spiral turns.  Male ( Holotype):Total length 3.80. Markings similar to Figure 7F, carapace pale yellow-brown, markings faint, legs unmarked; abdomen grey-brown, dorsum with obscure paired light markings. Carapace 1.85 long, 1.50 wide; thoracic fovea 0.22 long, length 0.12 times that of carapace; clypeus 0.10 high; ocular area 0.26 long, 0.56 wide; ratio of eyes AM/AL/PM/PL, 1.30:2.40:1.00:1.10, diameter of PM 0.10. Chelicerae 0.74 long, slender, smooth, pro- and retromargins of fang furrow with six teeth. Sternum 1.06 long, 0.90 wide; labium 0.30 long, 0.34 wide; palpal coxa 0.56 long, 0.30 wide. Legs long, femur I length 1.56 times carapace length; metatarsi I and II prolateral concavity and clasping spines as in Figure 43J–L, segment cylindrical at base of concavity. Leg measurements (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = [total]: I: 2.90 + 0.70 + 2.85 + 2.55 + 1.30 = [10.30]; II: 2.30 + 0.75 + 2.20 + 1.90 + 1.05 = [8.20]; III: 1.90 + 0.65 + 1.55 + 1.70 + 0.90 = [6.70]; IV: 2.60 + 0.70 + 2.35 + 2.50 + 1.05 = [9.20]; palp: 0.75 + 0.35 + 0.25 + (absent) + 0.75 = [2.10]. Palpus as in Figures 15A–Cand 24A–E; femur with basal triangular group of eight thorn-like setae; tibia with dorsal blade (DTA) broadened distally, prolateral hook (PTA) short; cymbium length 1.60 times width, 0.40 times carapace length; palpal bulb length 1.50 width, embolic base convex, reservoir course across embolic base nearly straight.  Variation (N = 2):Carapace length 1.23–1.27 times width, height 0.30–0.40 times width; PER width 2.15–2.48 times OAL; OQP 1.21–1.30 times OQA; cheliceral length 5.50–7.40 times clypeal height; sternum length 1.13–1.18 times width.  Female ( Paratype):Total length 3.70. Markings similar to Figure 7F. Carapace 1.70 long, 1.25 wide; thoracic fovea short, broad, length 0.08 that of carapace; clypeus 0.10 high; ocular area 0.20 long, 0.56 wide; ratio of eyes AM/AL/PM/PL, 1.37:2.62:1.00:1.12, diameter of PM 0.08. Chelicerae 0.72 long, robust, smooth, pro- and retromargins of fang furrow with five teeth. Sternum 0.90 long, 0.82 wide; labium 0.30 long and wide; palpal coxa 0.52 long, 0.24 wide. Femur I length 1.17 times carapace length. Palpal femur with row of five anterobasal thorns. Calamistrum origin at about 0.35 from metatarsus base, length 0.40 that of segment. Leg measurements (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = [total]): I: 2.00 + 0.65 + 1.80 + 1.55 + 0.95 = [6.95]; II: 1.55 + 0.55 + 1.20 + 1.20 + 0.80 = [5.30]; III: 1.30 + 0.40 + 1.00 + 1.00 + 0.70 = [4.40]; IV: 1.80 + 0.55 + 1.40 + 1.40 + 0.80 = [5.95]; palp: 0.70 + 0.30 + 0.40 + (absent) + 0.70 = [2.10]. Epigynum similar to Figure 15D; spermathecal ducts spiralling around a central, longitudinal spiral chamber, outer ducts make two spiral turns ( Fig. 38F).  Variation (N = 5):Total length 3.70–4.10; carapace length 1.33–1.38 times width, height 0.37–0.44 times width; PER width 2.41–2.90 times OAL; OQP 1.23– 1.36 times OQA; cheliceral length 5.50–7.20 times clypeal height; promargin of fang furrow with 5–7 teeth, retromargin of fang furrow with 5–6 teeth; sternum length 1.10–1.16 times width; femur I length 1.18–1.34 times carapace length; metatarsus I 1.08– 1.11 times carapace length; median lobe of epigynum triangular to nearly trapezoidal, outer vulval ducts make 2–3 spiral turns ( Figs 15E, 34G, H, 38E, F).  Natural history:Found on or near the ground in montane rainforest.  Distribution:Known only from Montagne d’Ambre in far northern Madagascar( Fig. 59).  Material examined:  MADAGASCAR:  Antsiranana Prov. P. N. Montagne d’Ambre, 2.79 air km NE of park entrance, 12°32′S, 49°10′E, elev. c.  1000 m, forest,  21–30 November 1993, C. Griswold, S. Larcher, R.  Andriamasamanana, N. Scharff and J. Coddington, 2 ♀, CASC( CASENT9017021, 9017022), 1 ♀, ZMUC( CASENT9017019), 1 ♀, USNM( CASENT9017020); Parc Nationale Montagne d’Ambre,  12.2 km211° SSW Joffreville, 12°35′47″S, 49°9′34″E, elev.  1300 m, pitfall trapin montane rainforest,  2–7 February 2001, Fisher-Griswold Arthropod Team, 1 ♂, CASC( CASENT9006874); Montagne d’Ambre, 12°30′57″S, 49°11′04″E,  12 August 1992, V and B. Roth, 1 ♀, CASC( CASENT9017023), beating low vegetation in montane rainforest,  2–7 February 2001, J. J. Rafanomezantsoa, holotype ♂, paratype ♀, CASC( CASENT9003543). 2001-02-02 2001-02-07 2001-02-02 CASC J. J. Rafanomezantsoa Madagascar Parc National Montagne d'Ambre 66 794 CASENT9003543 2 Antsiranana holotype 1993-11-21 1993-11-30 1993-11-21 R P. N. Montagne d'Ambre & C. Griswold & S. Larcher Madagascar 1000 -12.533334 Antsiranana Prov. 1293 49.166668 67 795 1 Antsiranana 1992-08-12 2001-02-07 1992-08-12 CASC, ZMUC, USNM, V Andriamasamanana, N & J. Coddington Madagascar 1300 -12.515833 Parc Nationale Montagne d'Ambre 21 49.184444 67 795 CASENT9017021, 9017022, CASENT9017019, CASENT9017020, CASENT9006874 5 4 1 Antsiranana 2001-02-02 2001-02-07 2001-02-02 CASC B. Roth & J. J. Rafanomezantsoa Madagascar 67 795 CASENT9017023, CASENT9003543 3 2 1 Antsiranana holotype