A new species of Mollinedia (Monimiaceae, Laurales) from the Quadrilatero Ferrifero, Brazil Zavatin, Danilo Alvarenga Ramos, Renato Watanabe, Mauricio Takashi Coutinho Pedrosa, Luciano Goncalves de Lirio, Elton John PhytoKeys 2023 2023-10-23 234 189 201 972CCDA4-3452-5BF3-B8FC-CBBF1F6A5BF6 Zavatin & Lírio Zavatin & Lirio 2023 Magnoliopsida Monimiaceae Mollinedia CoL Plantae Mollinedia fatimae Laurales 0 189 Tracheophyta species fatimae sp. nov.   Figs 2 , 3 , 4   Type.   Brazil, Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, mata em frente acapela, 20°26'04"S, 43°30'37"W,  1343 melev., 28 Nov 2022, mal. fl.  D.A. Zavatin& L.G. Pedrosa1327( holotype: SPF!, isotypes (to be distributed to): ALCB!, B!, BHCB!, BHZB!, DIAM!, HUFU!, HURB!, K!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, OUPR!, P!, PTBR!, RB!, UB!).  Diagnosis.   Mollinedia fatimaeresembles  Mollinedia boracensisdue to its coriaceous leaf consistency; however, it can be easily differentiated by the leaves glabrate on the abaxial surface (vs. glabrous), flowers farinose-pilose (vs. puberulous), stamens 14-20 (vs. 22-24) and carpels 12-20 (vs. 26-30).  Trees, ca. 6-15 m tall, dioecious; rhytidome rough, twigs cylindrical, young branches strigulose, covered by whitish and long simple trichomes; older branches reddish, glabrescent, with conspicuous lenticels. Leaves5.5-12.5 x1.5-2.8 cm, opposite, narrowly elliptic, apex attenuate or usually rounded, base attenuate, margin entire or with 1-5 teeth per side, not in pairs, irregularly distributed between sides, from the upper half to the apex, coriaceous, discolored, brown when dried, lighter on the abaxial surface, young leaves white-strigose on both surfaces; denser on primary vein of the abaxial surface, then glabrate on the abaxial surface and glabrous on the adaxial surface, primary vein apparent on the adaxial surface and prominent on the abaxial surface, whitish pubescence adpressed on the abaxial surface, mostly along the basis of the primary vein, secondary veins 4-6 pairs, not apparent or only slightly apparent on the adaxial surface and prominent on the abaxial surface, petiole 0.5-1.1 cm long, canaliculated, puberulous or glabrous on older leaves. Inflorescences in thyrses or fascicles with up to 3 cymes (3-florous), axillary or terminal. Staminate flowersgreenish, 5 x5 mm, indumentum of two types, farinose and pilose, caducous on anthesis, rachis 1.5-3 cm, peduncle 3-8 mm, pedicel 4-8 mm, bracts ovate, apex acute or rounded, c. 1 mm long, bracteoles lanceolate, apex acute, 2-3 mm long, whitish tomentose or when absent, with a ferruginous scar, receptacle campanulate, tepals c. 3/4of the flowers length, externals ovate, apex obtuse, internals ovate, apex truncate or acuminate, stamens, 14-20, ovate, locules confluent at the apex, filament short. Pistillate flowersgreenish, 5 x6 mm, fascicules up to 2 flowers, rarely solitary, indumentum of two types, farinose and pilose, peduncle 0.4-2 cm, pedicel 1-1.7 cm, bracts ovate, apex acute or rounded, c. 1 mm long, bracteoles lanceolate, apex acute, 2-3 mm long, whitish tomentose or when absent, with a ferruginous scar, receptacle cupuliform, internally puberulous, tepals c. 3/4of the flower length, externals ovate with a caudate apex, margin entire, internals ovate with truncate or acuminate apex, carpels 12-20, ovary oblong, stigma c. 1/3 of the carpel length. Drupeletsellipsoid, 0.8-1.5 x0.7-1.3 cm, not stipitate, apex rounded, stigma persistent, brown when dried, fruiting receptacle 0.6-1 cm wide, reflexed, fruit scars prominent, peduncle plus pedicel 1-1.7 cm long.   Figure 2. Abranch with staminate flowers Bstaminate flower in lateral view Cstaminate flower with tepals removed, showing the stamens Dstamen Ebranch with pistillate flowers Fdetail of cataphylls Gdetail of leaf abaxial surface Hpistillate flower in lateral view Ipistillate flower dissected, showing the carpels Jcarpel Kcomposed fruit. (Illustrated by Susana Souza based on Zavatin 1326 and 1327 and Pedrosa 46 specimens).   Figure 3. Abranch with staminate flowers Bmonimioid tooth Cbranch with pistillate flowers Dmagnification of a young reddish branch showing a lenticel Estaminate flower Fstaminate flower with the removal of tepals showing the androecium G-Hstamens Istaminate flower with removed tepals in upper view Jstaminate flower in upper view, almost complete anthesis Kpistillate flower Lpistillate flower starting scission in the tepals Mearly opening of calyptra Nopened calyptra exposing the carpels Ocarpel Ppistillate flower in upper view in anthesis Qpistillate flower in longitudinal section Rbractlets Scataphylls. (Image authorship: Danilo A. Zavatin).  Phenology. The species was collected with flowers in November and fruits in March.  Etymology. The epithet of this species is a homage to Dra. FatimaOtavina de Souza Buturi, an inspiring Brazilian botanist who dedicates her career studying Asteraceae, mentoring several biologists and botanists, including the first author of this paper (DAZ).  Habitat and distribution.   Mollinedia fatimaeoccurs at an average altitude of 1527 m (min.: 1354 m; max.: 1673 m), on mountain slopes or in river drainage ravines (Fig. 4A), predominantly in Haplic Cambisols - typical dystrophic, texture medium (code RLd10 in Fig. 4B), formed from matrix rocks of phyllite, schist, dolomite and quartzite. The vegetation is defined as mountainous semideciduous seasonal forest in intermediate to advanced stages of regeneration, with perceptible variations in the NDVI (Fig. 4C). Its individuals grow in extensive forest fragments at lower elevations but with most occurrences in small forest enclaves in areas with a predominance of "campo rupestre", where vegetation indices indicate open formations in the surroundings (Fig. 4D).   Figure 4.Environmental and Conservation spatial data Adigital elevation model of the terrain Bsoil classes Cnormalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) Dnatural vegetation and anthropic use classes EAOO and EOO analyses.  Conservation status. Most species'populations are inside the integrally protected Itacolomi State Park, on the boundaries of the Ouro Preto and Mariana municipalities, with an EOO of 11.06 km2 and AOO of 16 km2 (Fig. 4E). According to the B1ab (iii, iv) criteria ( IUCN 2012, 2022), the species should be considered critically endangered (CR). The main threats are stochastic events due to seasonal variations and climate change but mainly due to fires in the region. In high areas, fire is ignited by rare natural phenomena (i.e., lightning) and mainly by artificial fires ( Schumacher et al. 2022). These fires spread quickly through campo rupestre, invading forests with significant dry biomass accumulation. Four of the six species records occur in these vegetation contact zones, with severe population decline projections if fires intensify in the region. The expansion of burned areas and the calorific power of fires have intensified in the last five years ( INPE 2023). Furthermore, restricted endemism impacts potentialize the overall occurrence of the species, even with localized events.  Additional specimens examined.   Brazil. Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Parque Estadual do Itacolomi, mata em frente acapela, 20°26'04"S, 43°30'37"W,  1343 melev., 28 Nov 2022, fem. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.G. Pedrosa1326(ALCB!, B!, BHCB!, BHZB!, DIAM!, HUEFS!, HUFU!, HURB!, INPA!, K!, MEXU!, MO!, NY!, OUPR!, SPF!, P!, PTGB!, R!, RB!, UB!, UC!, UEC!); Cratera no topo da montanha aesquerda antes do Pico do Itacolomi, 20°25'46.2"S, 43°28'56.1"W,  1594 melev., 28 Nov 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.G. Pedrosa1334(BHCB!, MEXU!, OUPR!, P!, RB!, SPF!); Cratera em frente ao Pico do Itacolomi, 20°25'41.2"S, 43°28'46.1"W,  1588 melev., 7 Nov 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.J. Sauthier1284(BHCB!, MEXU!, OUPR!, RB!, SPF!) Cratera no topo da montanha aesquerda antes do Pico do Itacolomi, 20°25'52.4"S, 43°29'18.1"W,  1590 melev., 8 Nov 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.J. Sauthier1285(BHCB!, MEXU!, P!, RB!, SPF!); Cratera no topo da montanha aesquerda antes do Pico do Itacolomi, 20°25'52.2"S, 43°29'17.4"W,  1590 melev., 8 Nov 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.J. Sauthier1286(BHCB!, MEXU!, NY!, OUPR!, P!, RB!, SPF!); Cratera no topo da montanha aesquerda do Pico do Itacolomi, 20°25'43.7"S, 43°28'36.0"W,  1596 melev., 8 Nov 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.J. Sauthier1287(B!, BHCB!, HURB!, K!, MEXU!, NY!, OUPR!, P!, PTGB!, RB!, SPF!); Fazenda do Manso, 20 Mar 2018, fr.,  L.G. Pedrosa46(OUPR!); Serra do Espinhaco, Ouro Preto, disturbed vegetation on a S-SE exposed place in the area of "Campo Grande" along the road to Cachoeira das Andorinhas,  1470-1500 melev., 17 Sep 1990, ste.,  G.L. Esteves, W. Morawetz, B. Wallnofer& J.L. da Silva15456(NY, W).  Similar species and remarks.   Mollinedia fatimaedoes not co-occur with other species of the genus. The new species resembles  Mollinedia boracensisPeixoto due to its coriaceous leaves; however, it can be easily differentiated by the length of the petioles and the indumentum of leaves and flowers. Additionally, the farinose-pilose flower indumentum in  Mollinedia fatimaeresembles that in  Mollinedia arianeae Lirio& M. Pignal and  Mollinedia leucanthaM. Molz & D. Silveira, but the species can be differentiated from  M. arianeaeby the branch indumentum, leaf consistency, and color when dried and can be distinguished from  M. leucanthamainly by its leaf consistency, indumentum, color when dried and number of carpels. The new species was recorded in herbaria as  Mollinedia englerianaPerkins, probably due to the dark-brown color of the leaves when dried (darkish in  M. engleriana), but it can be differentiated from this species mainly by its leaves and flower indumentum and the length proportion of the staminate tepals in relation to the receptacle. All the comparisons with related species are summarized in Table 1.   Table 1.Comparison of  Mollinedia fatimaesp. nov. with the similar species  Mollinedia boracensisPeixoto and  Mollinedia englerianaPerkins. Characters based on additional specimens examined and Peixoto (2002),  Lirioand Peixoto (2017), Molz and Silveira (2021), and  Lirioet al. (2020a)and (2023b).    Characters   Mollinedia fatimae   Mollinedia arianeae   Mollinedia engleriana   Mollinedia leucantha   Mollinedia boracensis  branch indumentum glabrescent tomentose glabrous glabrescent glabrescent  leaf consistency coriaceous chartaceous chartaceous or coriaceous chartaceous coriaceous  leaf width 1.5-2.8 cm 1.8-4 cm 2-10 cm 1.8-5.4 cm 3-5.5 cm  leaf color when dried dark brown, lighter on the abaxial surface olivaceous Black green-brownish, grayish brown on the abaxial surface dark brown, lighter on the abaxial surface  leaf indumentum below pubescent tomentose glabrous tomentose glabrous  flower indumentum farinose and pilose farinose and pilose pubescent or glabrous farinose and pilose puberulous  tepal length in relation to flower length tepals c. 3/4 of the flower length tepals c. 3/4 of the flower length tepals c. 1/2 of the flower length tepals c. 1/4 of the flower length tepals c. 1/2 of the flower length  number of stamens 14-20 16-21(-24) 10-20 19-20 22-24  number of carpels 12-20 unknown 12-23 22-34 26-30  geographic distribution endemic to the Quadrilatero Ferrifero, state of Minas Gerais endemic to Itatiaia National Park, state of Rio de Janeiro states of EspiritoSanto, Rio de Janeiro and SaoPaulo states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states of Rio de Janeiro and SaoPaulo  Supplementary material examined.   Macropeplus ligustrinus.  BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Santa Barbara, RPPN  Santuariodo Caraca, Trilha aposa capela do Sagrado Coracao, 4 Nov 2023, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin, R. Ramos& L.J. Sauthier1244 (SPF!). Belo Horizonte, Parque da Serra do Curral, Interior de mata sentido escritorio da Vale, 22 May 2023, fr.,  D.A. Zavatin1765(SPF!).  Distrito Federal:  Brasilia, Jardim Botanicode Brasilia, 28 Sep. 2021, fem. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin362(SPF!).  Macropeplus schwackeanus.  Minas Gerais: Santa Barbara, RPPN  Santuariodo Caraca, 3 Nov. 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin, R.Ramos& L.J. Sauthier1214(SPF!). RPPN  Santuariodo Caraca, 3 Nov. 2022, fem. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin, R. Ramos& L.J. Sauthier1215(SPF!). Monte Azul, Pico da Formosa, 28 Apr. 2023, fr.,  D.A. Zavatin, F.R. de Souza& J.C.B. dos Anjos1700(SPF!).  Mollinedia argyrogyna.  Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, Camarinhas, 30 Jul. 1979, mal. fl.,  J. Badinis.n(OUPR15501!). Ouro Preto, Camarinhas, 12 Sep. 1984, fem. fl.,  J. Badinis.n.(OUPR15500!). Santa Barbara, RPPN  Santuariodo Caraca, 3 Nov. 2022, fr.,  D.A. Zavatin, R. Ramos& L.J. Sauthier1216. (SPF!)  Mollinedia arianeae.  Rio de Janeiro: Serra da Mantiqueira,  Macicodo Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Mata secundariaentre a cascata de Marombae cascata  Veu de Noiva, 13 Aug. 1978, mal. fl.,  G. Gottsberger& W. Morawetz15-13878(GH!, LZ!, MA!, MO!, NY!, P!, W!). Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, borda de mata rente a trilha sentido cachoeira  Veu da Noiva, 6 Jun. 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& C. Gentile780(P!, NY!, SPF!). Interior de mata rente atrilha, sentido cachoeira Itaporani, 7 Jun. 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& C. Gentile781(P!, NY!, SPF!).  Mollinedia boracensis.  Rio de Janeiro:  Petropolis, FlorestaIBDF, Estrada Floresta Inglesa-Pati do Alferes, 23 Apr. 1980fr.,  G. Martinelli6729(INPA!, MBM!, MO!, NY!, RB!).   SaoPaulo: Santo Andre, Alto da Serra,  Estacao Biologicado Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba, 19 Oct. 1931, mal. fl.,  C. Lemoss.n(SP29813!). Bananal, Fazenda Resgate, 22 Jun. 2005, mal. fl.,  J.L. Vieira320(RB!).  Mollinedia engleriana. Brazil.   EspiritoSanto: Santa Teresa,  Estacao BiologicaSanta Lucia, trilha do indaiacu, 1 Nov. 2011, mal. fl.,  E. J. Lirio47(RB!, MBML!).  Rio de Janeiro: Nova Friburgo, Reserva EcologicaMunicipal de Macaede Cima, picada para Pedra Bicuda, 25 Jun. 1989, fem. fl.,  C.M.B. Correia34(RB!).  Minas Gerais: Lima Duarte, Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, 21 Sep. 2006, fr.,  R.C. Forzza, J.C. Silva, R.A.X. Borges, M.M. Saavedra& F.M. Ferreira4289(RB!).  Mollinedia leucantha.  Rio Grande do Sul:  TresCachoeiras, Ladoesquerdo da RS-494,  1, 480 mda BR-101, 04 Nov. 2013, fem. fl.,  D. Silveira, F. Gonzatti& L. Machado86(ICN!, RB!, HAS!).  Morrinhos do Sul, Pixirica, Rio do Mengue, 21 Apr. 2013, fr.,  D. Silveira, M. Molz& B.O. Boeni43(ICN!, RB!).  Mollinedia oligantha.  Minas Gerais: Santa Barbara, EPDA de Peti, 16 Apr. 2005, fr.,  R.M. Ferreira& G.S. Franca96(BHCB!).   EspiritoSanto: Santa Teresa,  Estacao EcologicaSanta Lucia, 17 Ago. 2022, mal. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin, H.L. Fonseca, A. Suzuki& E.J.  Lirio936(SPF!).  Mollinedia ovata.  Minas Gerais: Coronel Pacheco,  EstacaoExperimental de Cafe, 27 Feb. 1944, mal. fl.,  E.P. Heringer1324(RB!). Brumadinho, Inhotim, 11 Feb. 2009, fr.,  J.G. Oliveira& F.M. Rodrigues431(RB!).  Rio de Janeiro: Silva Jardim, Reserva Biologicade Pocodas Antas, 26 Nov. 1992, fem. fl.,  H.C. de Lima4496(RB!).  Mollinedia schottiana.  Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas, 27. Sep. 1999, mal. fl.,  M.C.T.B. Messias234(OUPR!). Ouro Preto, APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas, 26 Feb. 2000, fr.,  A.L. Silveira98(OUPR!).   SaoPaulo: Americana, Parque da Gruta Dainese, 1 Dec. 2019, fem. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& E.Z. Viana153 (SPF!).  Mollinedia widgrenii.  Minas Gerais: Barroso, Mata do Bau, 21 Oct.01, mal. fl.,  A.S.M. Valente, L.C.S. Assis, R.M. Castro, M.C.M. Garcia, G.E.P. Silva& R.C. Forzza32(CESJ! RB!). Tiradentes,  RefugioEstadual de Vida Silvestre Libelulasde Sao Jose, 12 Nov. 2022, fem. fl.,  D.A. Zavatin& L.J. Sauthier1323(SPF!).   SaoPaulo: Piracicaba, ESALQ-USP, Mata proximaao herbario, 18 Apr. 2022, fr.,  D.A. Zavatin670(SPF!).   Monimiaceaein the QF. Seven species of Monimiaceaeoccur in the QF region, two of the genus  Macropeplus[  Macropeplus schwackeanus(Perkins) I.Santos & Peixoto and  Macropeplus ligustrinus(Tul.) Perkins] and four of  Mollinedia[  Mollinedia argyrogynaPerkins,  Mollinedia oliganthaPerkins,  Mollinedia ovataRuiz & Pav.,  Mollinedia schottiana(Spreng.) Perkins and  Mollinedia widgreniiA.DC.].  Mollinedia fatimaesp. nov. is the eighth Monimiaceaespecies reported to occur in the QF and the only species endemic to this region. 2022-11-28 D. A. Zavatin, L. G. Pedrosa Brazil 1343 -20.434444 Parque Estadual do Itacolomi 21 -43.510277 Ouro Preto 1 Minas Gerais holotype 1990-09-17 2022-11-28 1990-09-17 D. A. Zavatin, L. G. Pedrosa, L. J. Sauthier, Ouro Preto, Cachoeira das Andorinhas, G. L. Esteves, W. Morawetz, B. Wallnofer, J. L. da Silva Brazil Ouro Preto 1343 -20.428804 Pico do Itacolomi 1 -43.476665 Parque Estadual do Itacolomi 1 Minas Gerais 2023-05-22 2023-11-04 2023-05-22 D. A. Zavatin, R. Ramos, L. J. Sauthier, da Vale BRAZIL Santa Barbara Trilha Santuario do Caraca 1 Minas Gerais 2021-09-28 D. A. Zavatin Brazil Jardim Botanico de Brasilia Brasilia 1 Distrito Federal 2022-11-03 2023-04-28 2022-11-03 D. A. Zavatin, R. Ramos, L. J. Sauthier, da Formosa, F. R. de Souza, J. C. B. dos Anjos Brazil Santa Barbara Santuario do Caraca Santuario do Caraca 1 Minas Gerais 1979-07-30 2022-11-03 1979-07-30 J. Badini, D. A. Zavatin, R. Ramos, L. J. Sauthier Brazil Ouro Preto Santuario do Caraca Camarinhas 1 Minas Gerais 1978-08-13 2022-06-07 1978-08-13 de Maromba, de Noiva, G. Gottsberger, W. Morawetz, da Noiva, D. A. Zavatin, C. Gentile Brazil Serra da Mantiqueira Parque Nacional do Itatiaia Macico do Itatiaia 1 Rio de Janeiro 1980-04-23 G. Martinelli Brazil Petropolis Estrada Floresta Inglesa-Pati do Alferes Floresta 1 Rio de Janeiro 1931-10-19 2005-06-22 1931-10-19 C. Lemos, J. L. Vieira, Brazil Brazil Santo Andre Estacao Biologica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba Alto da Serra 1 Sao Paulo 2011-11-01 E. J. Lirio Brazil Estacao Biologica Santa Lucia Santa Teresa 1 Espirito Santo 1989-06-25 C. M. B. Correia Brazil Nova Friburgo Pedra Bicuda Reserva Ecologica Municipal de Macae de Cima 1 Rio de Janeiro 2006-09-21 R. C. Forzza, J. C. Silva, R. A. X. Borges, M. M. Saavedra, Ferreira Brazil Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca Lima Duarte 1 Minas Gerais 2013-11-04 D. Silveira, F. Gonzatti, L. Machado Brazil 1 Lado Tres Cachoeiras 1 Rio Grande do Sul 2013-04-21 D. Silveira, Molz, B. O. Boeni Brazil Rio do Mengue Pixirica 1 Morrinhos do Sul 2005-04-16 R. M. Ferreira, G. S. Franca Brazil Peti Santa Barbara 1 Minas Gerais 2022-08-17 D. A. Zavatin, H. L. Fonseca, A. Suzuki, Lirio Brazil Estacao Ecologica Santa Lucia Santa Teresa 1 Espirito Santo 1944-02-27 2009-02-11 1944-02-27 E. P. Heringer, Brumadinho, J. G. Oliveira, F. M. Rodrigues Brazil Coronel Pacheco Inhotim Estacao Experimental de Cafe 1 Minas Gerais 1992-11-26 H. C. de Lima Brazil Silva Jardim Antas Reserva Biologica de Poco 1 Rio de Janeiro 1999-09-27 2000-02-26 1999-09-27 Cachoeira das Andorinhas, M. C. T. B. Messias, A. L. Silveira Brazil Ouro Preto 1 Minas Gerais 2019-12-01 D. A. Zavatin, E. Z. Viana Brazil Parque da Gruta Dainese Americana 1 Sao Paulo 2022-11-12 A. S. M. Valente, L. C. S. Assis, R. M. Castro, M. C. M. Garcia, G. E. P. Silva, R. C. Forzza, D. A. Zavatin, L. J. Sauthier Brazil Barroso Oct. Mata do Bau 1 Minas Gerais 2022-04-18 D. A. Zavatin Brazil Mata Piracicaba 1 Sao Paulo