Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from South Africa Cairns, Stephen D. Zibrowius, Helmut Zootaxa 2013 3691 1 1 57 5392L [151,321,974,1000] Hydrozoa Stylasteridae Stylaster Animalia Anthoathecata 33 34 Cnidaria species kenti sp. nov.   Etymology.Named in honor of W. Saville Kent, in recognition of his description of the first stylasterids from the South African coast (Kent 1871).   Typesand TypeLocality. Holotype: MNSM43, 1 malecolony, SAM, and SEM stubs 1706–07(USNM). Paratypes: MNSM43, 1 malebranch fragment and 3 femalebranch fragments, SAM, and SEM stub 1708 (USNM). TypeLocality: 28°45.5’S, 32°24.5’W(off Richards Bay, Natal), 360– 420 m.   Material Examined. Types.   Description.Colonies are relatively small and uniplanar in shape, the largest colony (the holotype, Fig. 2J) measuring 4.1 cmin height and 3.1 cmin width, having a broken basal branch diameter of 5.0 mm. Branching is dichotomous. The coenosteal texture is reticulate-granular ( Fig. 16C), the strips ranging from 50–70 µm in width, and are covered with low rounded granules. Nematopores and commensal worms are not present. The corallum is light brown, fading to off-white near the branch tips. The cyclosystems are closely spaced and arranged linearly on all branch edges, alternating in a sympodial manner ( Fig. 2J). Cyclosytems are elliptical to elongate in shape, the greater axis being up to 1.4 mmin length ( Fig. 16B). Based on 50 cyclosystems, the range of dactylopores per cyclosystem is 8–15; the average is 12.42 (ơ = 1.25); and the mode is 13. Diastemas are not present. The gastropores are circular ( 0.30–0.40 mmin diameter), and the gastropore tube is long (up to 1.6 mm) and cylindrical, about three times the length of the gastrostyle, widening into a spherical gastropore chamber proximally. The gastrostyle has a short cylindrical base, which supports a toroidal middle section, topped by a vertical spine, the entire style being about 0.5 mmin height, the distal spine constituting about 60% of that height. The middle and upper portions are covered with spines, those on the distal spines being much coarser ( Fig. 16F). At the level of the upper gastrostyle spine the tube is constricted by a belt-like sphincter ( Fig. 16F), which is about 90 µm in width. The pseudosepta range from 0.10–0.22 mmin maximum width, whereas the dactylotomes are 0.90– 0.10 inwidth. Each dactylopore contains several linearly arranged dactyloglossae ( Figs. 16D, E) that serve as baffles that occlude most of the dactylopore tube. Female ampullae are low swellings about 1.2 mmin diameter that always occur near cyclosystems ( Fig. 16B). Their efferent pores open into the upper gastropore tube. Male ampullae are considerably smaller ( 0.3–0.5 mmin diameter), irregular in shape, and occur in clustered on all branch surfaces ( Figs. 16A, G). They have small apical efferent pores. Both typesof ampullae often have a single small ( 0.09–0.10 mmdiameter) round pore that appear to have been drilled through their surface, perhaps by a gastropod predator as noted in the genus  Adelopora(see Cairns 1982).  Comparisons.As mentioned in the Material and Methods section, only six stylasterid species are known to have dactyloglossae, and only one other than  S. kentibelonging to  Stylaster(Group C):  S. amphiheloides. Although similar,  S. kentidiffers from that species in lacking commensal polynoid gall tubes, having a brown corallum, and having irregularly-shaped (not conical) male ampullae. And, although somewhat similar in colour, gastrostyle morphology, and dactyloglossae,  S. kentidiffers from  S. griseusin cyclosystem placement, number of dactylopores per cyclosystem, and depth range.   Stylaster kentiis also similar  S. brunneusBoschma, 1970in coenosteal colour and colony shape, but differs in almost every other character, including placement of cyclosystems, dactylostyle morphology, coenosteal texture, and female ampullae size and efferent pore location. Furthermore,  S. brunneusis known only from the New Zealand/New Caledonian region (Cairns 1991).   Distribution.Known only from the typelocality (Fig. 22).