Revision of the polytypic electric fish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotiformes, Teleostei), with descriptions of seven subspecies
Albert, James S.
Zootaxa
2017
2017-08-08
4318
3
401
438
Albert, 2017
Albert
2017
[151,517,1196,1222]
Actinopterygii
Gymnotidae
Gymnotus
Animalia
Gymnotiformes
27
428
Chordata
subSpecies
carapo
subsp. nov.
madeirensis
Holotype: MUSM 12949, 227mm, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Río Candamo( 13°31’S, 069°41’W). Paratypes: MUSM 12949(2), 101–121 mm, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Río Candamo( 13°31’S, 069°41’W).
Non-Types: MUSM 12949b (4), 101–227mm, Peru, Puno, Sandia, Río Candamo, ( 13°25’S, 070°01’W). UF 82191 (1), 187 mm, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Río Guaporé, Río San Pablo, Río San Diablo, Velasco, 71 km N. San José de Chiquitos( 17°18’S, 060°35’W). UF 82211 (2), 196–205 mm, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Río Guaporé, Río San Pablo, Chiquitos, Comunidad La Esperanza, ca. 40 km N. San José de Chiquitos( 17°25’S, 060°47’W). UF 82345 (3) 111– 360 mm, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Río Jorge, W. Warnes, Río Piray( 17°34’12.0”S, 063°12’36.0”W). UF 82470 (2), 170–218 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Mamoré, Río Ibaré, Cercado, Arroyo San Javier ( 14°38’S, 064°53’W). UF 82485 (1), 360 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Mamoré, Río Ibaré, Cercado, 20 kmN San Javier( 14°28’S, 064°56’W). UMSS0 6969 (1), 302 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.30”W). UF 82510 (1), 241 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Mamoré, Río Ibaré, Cercado, 25 kmN San Javier( 14°24’S, 064°56’W). UMMZ 66433(2), 215–331 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Beni, Lago Rogoagua( 13°57’S, 066°58’W). UMSS0 6962 (1), 108 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS0 6963 (1), 121 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS0 6964 (1), 174 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS0 6964 (1), 177 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.30”W). UMSS0 6965 (1), 145 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS0 6966 (1), 179 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS0 6970 (1), 119 mm, Bolivia, Beni, Río Madeira, Arroyo Tres Cuchillas( 10°49’23.016”N, 066°04’50.3”W). UMSS0 6977 (1), 202 mm, Brazil, Amazonas, Río Beniaff. Río Madeira( 11°01’41.2”S, 066°05’58.801”W). Description:Specimens of G. carapofrom the Río Madeira basin overlap substantially in morphometric and meristic PC-space with specimens from other localities ( Figures 4, 5, and 12). Gymnotus carapo madeirensisis characterized by the following combination of statistically significant (p <0.01) traits when compared to the rest of the species as a whole (see Principal Components Analyses and t-tests): short head (HL 10.4%–13.7% TL, mean 11.7% vs. 10.2%–15.5%, mean 12.7% in all other subspecies), wide interorbital distance (IO 37.7%–44.8% HL, mean 41.0% vs. 31.9%–43.6%, mean 37% in all other subspecies), deep body (BD 85.9%–106.6% HL, mean 95.8% vs. 42.7%–98.8%, mean 83.5% in all other subspecies), deep head (HD 57.1%–72.4% HL, mean 63.6% vs. 44.0%–67.2%, mean 57.9% in all other subspecies) and wide head (HW 59.3%–67.7% HL, mean 63.2% vs. 49.1%–66.8%, mean 59.2% in all other subspecies).
Distribution:Known from the Río Madre de Diosin the Madre de DiosDepartment of Peru, the Río Candamo in Sandia province Peru, and the Río Guaporé in the Santa Cruzdepartmentand the Río Mamoré and Río Madeira and Río Beniin the Beni departmentof Bolivia( Figure 2B).
Etymology:Subspecific epithet derived from the Río Madeira.
1632856907
[151,1197,1302,1327]
MUSM
Peru
-13.516666
Rio Candamo
1290
-69.683334
Sandia
27
428
MUSM 12949, 227
1
Puno
holotype
1632856908
[199,1351,1338,1363]
MUSM
Peru
-13.516666
Rio Candamo
1290
-69.683334
Sandia
27
428
MUSM 12949
1
Puno
paratype
1632856888
[199,1387,1374,1399]
MUSM
Peru
Non-Types
-13.416667
Rio Candamo
1291
-70.01667
Sandia
27
428
MUSM 12949
1
Puno
1632856903
N. San Jose de Chiquitos
Bolivia
Rio Guapore
-17.3
Rio San Diablo
1279
-60.583332
Rio San Pablo
27
428
1
Santa Cruz
1632856894
N. San Jose de Chiquitos
Bolivia
Rio Guapore
-17.416666
Comunidad La Esperanza
1279
-60.783333
Rio San Pablo
27
428
1
Santa Cruz
1632856909
Bolivia
-17.570002
Rio Piray
1
-63.21
Rio Jorge
27
428
1
Santa Cruz
1632856898
Bolivia
-14.633333
Rio Ibare
1287
-64.88333
Rio Mamore
27
428
1
Beni
1632856896
Bolivia
-14.466666
Rio Ibare
1288
-64.933334
Rio Mamore
27
428
1
Beni
1632856889
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856905
Bolivia
-14.4
Rio Ibare
1288
-64.933334
Rio Mamore
27
428
1
Beni
1632856904
[151,1267,1698,1723]
UMMZ
Bolivia
-13.95
Lago Rogoagua
1289
-66.96667
Rio Beni
27
428
UMMZ 66433
1
Beni
1632856887
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856899
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856906
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856902
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856895
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856891
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856901
UMSS
Bolivia
10.82306
Arroyo Tres Cuchillas
1
-66.080635
Rio Madeira
27
428
1
Beni
1632856890
UMSS
Brazil
-11.0281105
Rio Madeira
1
-66.09967
Rio Beni
27
428
1
Amazonas