Revalidation of Platystigma Kennedy, 1920, with a synopsis of the quadratum species group and the description of three new species (Odonata: Pseudostigmatidae) Machado, Angelo B. M. Soldati Lacerda, Déborah S. Zootaxa 2017 4242 3 493 516 Selys, 1860 Selys 1860 [151,566,754,780] Magnoliopsida Papaveraceae Platystigma Animalia Ranunculales 4 497 Tracheophyta species astictum comb. nov.   Selys (1860: 15); McLachlan (1877: 88); Davies & Tobin (1984: 58); Machado (1985: 35); Selys (1886: 21); Garrison & Ellenrieder (2016: 20); Bridges (1994: VII–21); Machado (1998: 507); Tsuda (2000: 57); Lencioni (2005: 152, 2006: 295); Heckman (2008: 206); Garrison, Ellenrieder & Louton (2010: 391); Schorr & Paulson (2016).     Materialexamined. Brazil, Espírito SantoState, Colatina, Córregodo Gavião, 1♂ 1♀,  XI.1930, X.1936, Rosaleg. ( MNRJ).  Rio de Janeiro, Tinguá, (Res. Florestal), 1♂ 1♀,  9.IV.1971, 20.I.1972, N. Santosleg. ( MNRJ).  1♂, Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia,  2.I.1973, O. Mielkeleg. ( ABMM).  1♀, Nova Friburgo(  1.100m),  II.2001, E. Grossileg. ( ABMM).  1♀, São Paulo, Jacareí, Fazenda Santana do Rio Abaixo,  12.IV.2003, F.A.A. Lencionileg. ( FAAL).  1♀, Paraná, Ribeirão Vermelho, Campina Grande do Sul,  1.III.2003, Mielkeleg. ( ABMM).   Diagnosis.Posterior prothoracic lobe of male with median and lateral portions separated by very slight incision, median portion with border straight ( Fig. 8); in female median and lateral portions not distinguishable and border of median portion slightly convex. Pterothorax with antehumeral pale stripe reaching about ¾ length of pterothorax ( Fig. 14). Venter pale with large black median stripe ( Fig. 20). Male Fw hyaline, without pale apical area, pseudostigma distinct. Hw hyaline, pseudostigma gray with seven cells ( Fig. 25), becoming orange-yellow at high saturation ( Fig. 26). Border of Hw of male with elevation at level of pseudostigma. Female with white apical area reaching level of RP 2 inboth wings, with no distinct pseudostigma ( Fig. 27). At high saturation white area of Hw becomes light-blue with yellow venation, costal vein orange, and the pseudostigma becomes distinct with 11 cells ( Fig. 28). Anterior hamuli with ear-like basal plate, with posteromedial angle sclerotized. Distal portion of batilliform lamina curved ventrally with sclerotized apex. Posterior hamuli curved anteriorly ( Fig. 37). Penis segment 3 inectal view ( Fig. 42) rectangular with no visible spines; in lateral view ( Fig. 43) with small median row of very short spines. Female cercus in dorsal view ( Fig. 52) about as long as S10, parallel, conical, and pilose. Dorsoposterior portion of S10 V-shaped ( Fig. 52). Ovipositor reaching about level of hind border of S10 posteriorly ( Fig. 62). Lateral valve with 9–10 minute, equal-sized teeth, except distal one larger ( Fig. 63). Female similar to male, except for presence of pale apical area in Hw and for border with no elevation.   Measurements (mm): ♂Hw 41–42, abdomen 59–61; ♀Hw 42–51, abdomen 57–61.   Remarks. Male and female of  P. astictumcan be easily identified by the characters given in the keys, the most important being the border of male Hw with subapical elevation.  P. astictumis the species with the largest geographical distribution in the genus, occurring in Southeastern Braziland extending southward to the state of Paraná( Fig. 7). The biology of adults and larvae of  P. astictumhave been studied by Lencioni (2006)with special emphasis on oviposition behavior. A comparison of the oviposition of  P. astictumwith that of  P. martineziis made at the end of this paper. 1439511245 XI. 1930, X. 1936 MNRJ Rosa Brazil Gaviao Material 4 497 2 1 1 Espirito Santo 1439511243 [258,1304,1025,1050] 9. IV. 1971, 20. I. 1972 MNRJ N. Santos Brazil Tingua 4 497 2 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1439511242 1973-01-02 ABMM O. Mielke Brazil Parque Nacional do Itatiaia 4 497 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1439511244 2001-02 ABMM E. Grossi Brazil 1100 Nova Friburgo 4 497 1 1 Rio de Janeiro 1439511247 2003-04-12 FAAL F. A. A. Lencioni Brazil Jacarei Rio Abaixo Fazenda Santana do Rio Abaixo 4 497 1 1 Sao Paulo 1439511251 [254,1276,1133,1158] 2003-03-01 ABMM Mielke Brazil Campina Grande do Sul Ribeirao Vermelho 4 497 1 1 Parana