Buthus occitanus zeylensis Pocock, 1900: 56–57 Buthus occitanus berberensis Levy & Amitai, 1980: 16 , 21 Fet & Lowe, 2000: 95 Buthus berberensis : Lourenço, 2008: 46 Sousa et al., 2017: 38 Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida Scorpiones) Part XXIII Buthus (Buthidae), with description of two new species Kovařík, František Šťáhlavský, František Elmi, Hassan Sh Abdirahman Euscorpius 2020 2020-07-12 307 1 32 NZ2C Pocock, 1900 Pocock 1900 [207,578,1604,1631] Arachnida Buthidae Buthus GBIF Animalia Scorpiones 28 27 Arthropoda species zeylensis  ( Figures 101, 140–175, 184–185, 190, 194, 207–209, 210,  Tables 2–3)      Buthus occitanus zeylensis Pocock, 1900: 56–57.    Buthus occitanus berberensis(in part):  Levy & Amitai, 1980: 16, 21;  Fet & Lowe, 2000: 95(complete references list until 1998).     Buthus berberensis: Lourenço, 2008: 46;  Sousa et al., 2017: 38(in part).   TYPELOCALITY AND TYPEREPOSITORY. Somaliland, Zeyla; BMNH. MATERIAL EXAMINED.   Somaliland, Gerissa, 10°36'01"N 43°26'07"E,  245 ma. s. l.( Locality No. 19SH= 17ST),  11.- 12.IX.2017, 22♂ 7♀21juvs. ( Nos.1294, 1295, 1297), FKCP,  1♂ 1♀, RTOC,  3.VII.2019, 8♂ 3♀12juvs. (No. 1686 ), FKCP, leg. F. KovařÍk.  DIAGNOSIS. Total length 37–54 mm. Base color yellow dark pattern reduced; telson brown; chelicerae pale yellow without reticulation. Pedipalp movable fingers bear 10–11 rows of granules, with 12 outer and inner denticles and fixed finger with 10–11 outer and inner denticles. Chela of pedipalp narrower in male, its length to width ratio 3.4–3.6 in females and 4.1–4.3 in males. Telson bulbous, with aculeus shorter than vesicle. Pectinal teeth number 25–29 infemales and 28–35 inmales.  COMMENTS. Levy & Amitai (1980: 21)synonymized  Buthus occitanus zeylensis Pocock, 1900with  Buthus occitanus berberensis Pocock, 1900. They argued that “examination of Pocock´s typesand of additional material from Somaliashowed that these two forms are in fact the two sexes of the same subspecies, the first the male, the second the female.” We studied in detail a large collection of Somaliland specimens collected during expeditions of 2011–2019; this study, including cytogenetic and DNA analysis, confirmed that these two taxa are valid species. Here, we restore  Buthus occitanus zeylensis Pocock, 1900from synonymy and elevate it to species rank. COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. In 2019, two of us (FK, HE) visited the city of Zeyla, the typelocality of  Buthus zeylensis Pocock, 1900. It is an extremely hot place, with heavily salted soils. We collected scorpions several km from the city ( 11°19'31.2"N 43°22'16.9"E) and found there  Hottentotta polystictus(Pocock, 1896),  Microbuthus litoralis(Pavesi, 1885)(first record for Somaliland),  Orthochirus afarKovařÍk et Lowe, 2016and  Parabuthus granimanusPocock, 1895(topotypes) but no  Buthusspecimens.  Buthus zeylensisis common in Gerissa, a very hot, sandy semidesert area ( Fig. 101) where we recorded also  H. polystictus,  O. afar, and  P. granimanus, but also  Compsobuthus somalilandusKovařÍk, 2012,  Gint gubanensisKovařÍk et al., 2018( typelocality), and  Neobuthus gubanensisKovařÍk et al., 2018( typelocality). 3754823343 2017-09-11 2017-09-12 2017-09-11 FKCP F. KovařÍk 245 10.600278 21 43.43528 28 27 29 7 22 3754823325 2017-09-11 2017-09-12 2017-09-11 RTOC F. KovařÍk 245 10.600278 21 43.43528 28 27 29 7 22