Noronhia divaricata A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 47QHF 1296290 Scott-Elliot Scott-Elliot [505,915,380,408] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 99 99 Tracheophyta species divaricata    Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: woods near Fort-Dauphin, [ 25°03’S 47°00’E], s.d.,  Scott Elliot2883(holo-: K[ K000233195] image seen; iso-: E[ E00193160] image seen, P[ P00418113]!).   Description  Shrubsto small trees to 8 mtall, trunk to 15 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.4-1.4 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark light gray, smooth to slightly rugose. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades medium green above, lighter below, narrowly to widely elliptic to somewhat rhombic, 3-6.5 3 1-3 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia casual, base attenuate, margin slightly revolute and undulate, apex rounded to acute, the point 0-2 mmlong, midrib flat to slightly sunken above, raised below, secondary veins barely visible, 6-10 per side, 5-11 mmapart, looping 1-3 mmfrom the margin; petiole yellow, 3.5-11 3 0.5-1.2 mm, not woody, glabrous. Thyrsessolitary, pauciflorous, diffuse; peduncle 3 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; pedicel 2.5- 12 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 0.8-1.3 3 1-1.5 mm; corolla yellowish green, urceolate, 3.5-4.5 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 2-3.5 mmlong, lobes ovate, apex rounded; corona present, 1.2-1.8 mmlong, undivided; stamens 1.8-2.5 mmlong, anthers slightly obovate, 1.3-1.5 mmlong; pistil 1.8-2.5 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruitingpedicel 2-10 3 1-1.5 mm; young fruits green, reddish when mature, ovoid to sub-globose, 11.5-19 3 8-15 mm, smooth, apex flat to bluntly pointed, style persistent; dry pericarp 0.6-0.9 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 6-12.5 3 4.5-10 mm.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia divaricataoccurs in low- to mid-elevation dry forests and thickets in the south, from Ihorombe to Fort-Dauphin ( Fig. 9). It produces flowers and fruits throughout the year except in August.   Conservation status With 20 collections representing 18 localities, the analysis resulted in an EOO of 16,342 km 2, an AOO of 64 km 2, and 14 subpopulations representing 10 locations, of which only two occur within protected areas (Andohahela and Extension Ankodida-Tsimelahy).  Noronhia divaricatais assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)] due to projected continuing decline in habitat quality, habitat loss, and reduction of the number of mature individuals resulting from fire, land conversion and industrial mining.   Notes   Noronhia divaricatacan be recognized by its elliptic to somewhat rhombic leaf blades and its long-pedunculate and pauciflorous inflorescences with yellow-green flowers. The isotype at Paris includes two fragments that are essentially identical, but are labeled as  N. divaricata( Scott Elliot 2883[P00418113]) and  N. emarginata( Scott Elliot 3050[P00418114]), respectively, whereas the holotypeat Kew, also with two fragments, is identified only as  N. divaricata( Scott Elliot 2883[K000233195]) and the isotype at Edinburghas  N. emarginata( Scott Elliot 3050[E00193160]). A labeling error was apparently made on the sheets at P and E, which has since been corrected by Perrier de la Bâthie and others to read Scott Elliot 2883and annotated as  N. divaricata.   Additional specimens examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe, Ampasimbe, [ 23°02’30”S 45°16’30”E],  500 m,  22.VII.1955,  Service Forestier14844( MO, P, TEF).  Prov. Toliara: Manambaro, [ 24°40’12”S 46°44’24”E],  110 m,  21. II.1975,  Croat31940( MO, P, TAN);  Cap Ranavalona, [ 25°04’S 46°58’E],  17.IX.1932,  Decary10619( P);  Andohahela PN, parcelle 3, 25°00’S 46°40’E,  200-600 m,  17.XI.1990,  Dumetz1421( MO, P, TAN); bassin supérieur du Mandrare, [ 24°30’S 46°35’E],  700-1200 m,  20-22.XI.1928,  Humbert6765( P);  Baie des Galions( Ranofotsy) au  SOde Fort-Dauphin, [ 25°09’S 46°43’E],  1-100 m,  18- 21. II.1955,  Humbert& Capuron29025( MO, P);  Andohahela PN, 25°00’S 46°40’E,  120-140 m,  27. I.1990,  McPherson14921( MO, P, TAN);  Ranopiso, Ankilivalo, 25°07’28”S 46°40’04”E,  125 m,  20.VII.2010,  Rakotovaoet al. 5500( G, MO, P, TAN);  Ambinanibe, Ehoala, 25°03’S 46°57’E,  24.XI.2007,  Ramison& Rabehevitra465( MO, P, TAN);  Andohahela(parcel 3), Ankazofotsy, 25°01’S 46°38’E,  15. V.2001,  Randriamampionona992( G, MO, P);  Andohahela(parcel 1), Tsimelahy, 24°50’20”S 46°32’17”E,  6.IV.1996,  Randriamampionona1251( MO, P);  Ambatoabo, Ankoba, 24°47’12”S 46°42’25”E,  300 m,  25. II.2009,  Randrianaivoet al. 1761( G, MO, P, TAN);  Beroroha, Betorabato, Abotorabatorano, 21°34’02”S 45°03’42”E,  278 m,  13. I.2011,  Razakamalala& Pascal6032( MO, P, TAN); massif du Vohidavaprès d’Anadabolava( Moyen Mandrare), [ 24°09’S 46°15’E],  700-900 m,  6.XI.1963,  Service Forestier22595( MO, P, TEF);  Fort-Dauphin, near the new port, 25°02’34”S 46°57’32”E,  50 m,  11.IV.2010,  Thulin& Razafindraibe11848( MO, UPS). 4023240445 M, K, E, P -25.05 Scott Elliot 1248 47.0 Fort-Dauphin 99 99 K000233195, E00193160, P00418113 1 Toliara holotype 4023240433 1955-07-22 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar Prov. 500 -23.041666 Ampasimbe 21 45.275 Ihorombe 100 100 1 Fianarantsoa 4023241054 1975-02-21 II, MO, P, TAN Croat Madagascar 110 -24.67 Manambaro 21 46.74 Prov. 100 100 1 Toliara 4023241430 1932-09-17 P Decary Madagascar -25.066668 Cap Ranavalona 1248 46.966667 100 100 1 4023240723 1990-11-17 MO, P, TAN Andohahela PN & Dumetz Madagascar 400 -25.0 1248 46.666668 100 100 1 4023241414 1928-11-20 1928-11-22 1928-11-20 P du Mandrare & Humbert Madagascar 950 -24.5 1251 46.583332 100 100 1 4023241547 1955-02-18 1955-02-21 1955-02-18 SO, II, MO, P Humbert & Capuron Madagascar 51 -25.15 Ranofotsy 1247 46.716667 Baie des Galions 100 100 1 4023241167 1990-01-27 I, MO, P, TAN Andohahela PN & McPherson Madagascar 130 -25.0 1248 46.666668 100 100 1 4023240971 2010-07-20 G, MO, P, TAN Rakotovao Madagascar 125 -25.124445 Ankilivalo 21 46.667778 Ranopiso 100 100 1 4023240947 2007-11-24 MO, P, TAN Ramison & Rabehevitra Madagascar -25.05 Ehoala 1248 46.95 Ambinanibe 100 100 1 4023240879 2001-05-15 V, G, MO, P Randriamampionona Madagascar -25.016666 Ankazofotsy 1248 46.633335 Andohahela 100 100 1 4023240935 1996-04-06 MO, P Randriamampionona Madagascar -24.83889 Tsimelahy 21 46.538055 Andohahela 100 100 1 4023240884 2009-02-25 II, G, MO, P, TAN Randrianaivo Madagascar 300 -24.786667 Ankoba 21 46.706944 Ambatoabo 100 100 1 4023240489 2011-01-13 I, MO, P, TAN Razakamalala & Pascal Madagascar Beroroha 278 -21.567223 Abotorabatorano 21 45.061665 Betorabato 100 100 1 4023240695 1963-11-06 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar Vohidava 800 -24.15 Moyen Mandrare 1252 46.25 d'Anadabolava 100 100 1 4023241401 2010-04-11 MO, UPS Thulin & Razafindraibe Madagascar 50 -25.042778 Fort-Dauphin 21 46.95889 100 100 1