Noronhia divaricata
A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands
Hong-Wa, Cynthia
Boissiera
2016
2016-10-21
70
1
292
47QHF
1296290
Scott-Elliot
Scott-Elliot
[505,915,380,408]
Magnoliopsida
Oleaceae
Noronhia
Plantae
Lamiales
99
99
Tracheophyta
species
divaricata
Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: woods near Fort-Dauphin, [ 25°03’S 47°00’E], s.d., Scott Elliot2883(holo-: K[ K000233195] image seen; iso-: E[ E00193160] image seen, P[ P00418113]!).
Description Shrubsto small trees to 8 mtall, trunk to 15 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.4-1.4 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark light gray, smooth to slightly rugose. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades medium green above, lighter below, narrowly to widely elliptic to somewhat rhombic, 3-6.5 3 1-3 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia casual, base attenuate, margin slightly revolute and undulate, apex rounded to acute, the point 0-2 mmlong, midrib flat to slightly sunken above, raised below, secondary veins barely visible, 6-10 per side, 5-11 mmapart, looping 1-3 mmfrom the margin; petiole yellow, 3.5-11 3 0.5-1.2 mm, not woody, glabrous. Thyrsessolitary, pauciflorous, diffuse; peduncle 3 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; pedicel 2.5- 12 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 0.8-1.3 3 1-1.5 mm; corolla yellowish green, urceolate, 3.5-4.5 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 2-3.5 mmlong, lobes ovate, apex rounded; corona present, 1.2-1.8 mmlong, undivided; stamens 1.8-2.5 mmlong, anthers slightly obovate, 1.3-1.5 mmlong; pistil 1.8-2.5 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruitingpedicel 2-10 3 1-1.5 mm; young fruits green, reddish when mature, ovoid to sub-globose, 11.5-19 3 8-15 mm, smooth, apex flat to bluntly pointed, style persistent; dry pericarp 0.6-0.9 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 6-12.5 3 4.5-10 mm.
Distribution, ecology and phenology Noronhia divaricataoccurs in low- to mid-elevation dry forests and thickets in the south, from Ihorombe to Fort-Dauphin ( Fig. 9). It produces flowers and fruits throughout the year except in August.
Conservation status With 20 collections representing 18 localities, the analysis resulted in an EOO of 16,342 km 2, an AOO of 64 km 2, and 14 subpopulations representing 10 locations, of which only two occur within protected areas (Andohahela and Extension Ankodida-Tsimelahy). Noronhia divaricatais assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” [VU B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)] due to projected continuing decline in habitat quality, habitat loss, and reduction of the number of mature individuals resulting from fire, land conversion and industrial mining.
Notes Noronhia divaricatacan be recognized by its elliptic to somewhat rhombic leaf blades and its long-pedunculate and pauciflorous inflorescences with yellow-green flowers. The isotype at Paris includes two fragments that are essentially identical, but are labeled as N. divaricata( Scott Elliot 2883[P00418113]) and N. emarginata( Scott Elliot 3050[P00418114]), respectively, whereas the holotypeat Kew, also with two fragments, is identified only as N. divaricata( Scott Elliot 2883[K000233195]) and the isotype at Edinburghas N. emarginata( Scott Elliot 3050[E00193160]). A labeling error was apparently made on the sheets at P and E, which has since been corrected by Perrier de la Bâthie and others to read Scott Elliot 2883and annotated as N. divaricata.
Additional specimens examined MADAGASCAR. Prov. Fianarantsoa: Ihorombe, Ampasimbe, [ 23°02’30”S 45°16’30”E], 500 m, 22.VII.1955, Service Forestier14844( MO, P, TEF). Prov. Toliara: Manambaro, [ 24°40’12”S 46°44’24”E], 110 m, 21. II.1975, Croat31940( MO, P, TAN); Cap Ranavalona, [ 25°04’S 46°58’E], 17.IX.1932, Decary10619( P); Andohahela PN, parcelle 3, 25°00’S 46°40’E, 200-600 m, 17.XI.1990, Dumetz1421( MO, P, TAN); bassin supérieur du Mandrare, [ 24°30’S 46°35’E], 700-1200 m, 20-22.XI.1928, Humbert6765( P); Baie des Galions( Ranofotsy) au SOde Fort-Dauphin, [ 25°09’S 46°43’E], 1-100 m, 18- 21. II.1955, Humbert& Capuron29025( MO, P); Andohahela PN, 25°00’S 46°40’E, 120-140 m, 27. I.1990, McPherson14921( MO, P, TAN); Ranopiso, Ankilivalo, 25°07’28”S 46°40’04”E, 125 m, 20.VII.2010, Rakotovaoet al. 5500( G, MO, P, TAN); Ambinanibe, Ehoala, 25°03’S 46°57’E, 24.XI.2007, Ramison& Rabehevitra465( MO, P, TAN); Andohahela(parcel 3), Ankazofotsy, 25°01’S 46°38’E, 15. V.2001, Randriamampionona992( G, MO, P); Andohahela(parcel 1), Tsimelahy, 24°50’20”S 46°32’17”E, 6.IV.1996, Randriamampionona1251( MO, P); Ambatoabo, Ankoba, 24°47’12”S 46°42’25”E, 300 m, 25. II.2009, Randrianaivoet al. 1761( G, MO, P, TAN); Beroroha, Betorabato, Abotorabatorano, 21°34’02”S 45°03’42”E, 278 m, 13. I.2011, Razakamalala& Pascal6032( MO, P, TAN); massif du Vohidavaprès d’Anadabolava( Moyen Mandrare), [ 24°09’S 46°15’E], 700-900 m, 6.XI.1963, Service Forestier22595( MO, P, TEF); Fort-Dauphin, near the new port, 25°02’34”S 46°57’32”E, 50 m, 11.IV.2010, Thulin& Razafindraibe11848( MO, UPS).
4023240445
M, K, E, P
-25.05
Scott Elliot
1248
47.0
Fort-Dauphin
99
99
K000233195, E00193160, P00418113
1
Toliara
holotype
4023240433
1955-07-22
MO, P, TEF
Service Forestier
Madagascar
Prov.
500
-23.041666
Ampasimbe
21
45.275
Ihorombe
100
100
1
Fianarantsoa
4023241054
1975-02-21
II, MO, P, TAN
Croat
Madagascar
110
-24.67
Manambaro
21
46.74
Prov.
100
100
1
Toliara
4023241430
1932-09-17
P
Decary
Madagascar
-25.066668
Cap Ranavalona
1248
46.966667
100
100
1
4023240723
1990-11-17
MO, P, TAN
Andohahela PN & Dumetz
Madagascar
400
-25.0
1248
46.666668
100
100
1
4023241414
1928-11-20
1928-11-22
1928-11-20
P
du Mandrare & Humbert
Madagascar
950
-24.5
1251
46.583332
100
100
1
4023241547
1955-02-18
1955-02-21
1955-02-18
SO, II, MO, P
Humbert & Capuron
Madagascar
51
-25.15
Ranofotsy
1247
46.716667
Baie des Galions
100
100
1
4023241167
1990-01-27
I, MO, P, TAN
Andohahela PN & McPherson
Madagascar
130
-25.0
1248
46.666668
100
100
1
4023240971
2010-07-20
G, MO, P, TAN
Rakotovao
Madagascar
125
-25.124445
Ankilivalo
21
46.667778
Ranopiso
100
100
1
4023240947
2007-11-24
MO, P, TAN
Ramison & Rabehevitra
Madagascar
-25.05
Ehoala
1248
46.95
Ambinanibe
100
100
1
4023240879
2001-05-15
V, G, MO, P
Randriamampionona
Madagascar
-25.016666
Ankazofotsy
1248
46.633335
Andohahela
100
100
1
4023240935
1996-04-06
MO, P
Randriamampionona
Madagascar
-24.83889
Tsimelahy
21
46.538055
Andohahela
100
100
1
4023240884
2009-02-25
II, G, MO, P, TAN
Randrianaivo
Madagascar
300
-24.786667
Ankoba
21
46.706944
Ambatoabo
100
100
1
4023240489
2011-01-13
I, MO, P, TAN
Razakamalala & Pascal
Madagascar
Beroroha
278
-21.567223
Abotorabatorano
21
45.061665
Betorabato
100
100
1
4023240695
1963-11-06
MO, P, TEF
Service Forestier
Madagascar
Vohidava
800
-24.15
Moyen Mandrare
1252
46.25
d'Anadabolava
100
100
1
4023241401
2010-04-11
MO, UPS
Thulin & Razafindraibe
Madagascar
50
-25.042778
Fort-Dauphin
21
46.95889
100
100
1