Noronhia buxifolia Noronhia buxifolia var. quadriloba H. Perrier in Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar , Sér. B, Biol. Vég. 2: 302. 1949 A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 47QGZ 1296281 H. Perrier H. Perrier [485,862,380,408] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 58 58 Tracheophyta species buxifolia    Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Forêt d’Analavelona (bassin du Fiherenana), [ 22°41’S 44°08’E],  1000-1200 m,  15-19.XII.1946, Humbert 19719(holo-: P[ P00418069]!; iso-: LISC[ LISC002881] image seen, P[ P00418070]!, S[ S09- 36002] image seen, WAG[ WAG0002490] image seen).  =   Noronhia buxifolia var. quadrilobaH. Perrierin  Mém. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Sér.B,  Biol. Vég.2: 302. 1949. Typus: M ADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: E  d’Ampandrandava, [ 24°05’S 45°42’E],  1200 m,  XI.1943,  Seyrig373(=  Herb. Jard. Bot.5390) (holo-: P[ P04046973]!; iso-: [ P00701282]!).   Description  Treesto 15 mtall, trunk to 15 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.7-1.5 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark medium gray to yellowish, smooth to slightly rugose. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales persistent; blades dark green above, lighter below, ovate, 4-8.5 3 1.5-3.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base rounded to acute, margin flat to slightly revolute and undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen 3-11 mmlong, midrib flat to slightly sunken above, raised below, secondary veins conspicuous, 6-10 per side, 4.5-11 mmapart, looping 1-4 mmfrom the margin; petiole light gray, 3-9 3 1-1.5 mm, entirely woody, glabrous. Flowersfasciculate; pedicel 2.5-21 mmlong, glabrous; calyx very sparsely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 0.8-3 3 0.7-2.5 mm; corolla red, urceolate, 2.5-9 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 0.5-6 mmlong, lobes triangular, apex obtuse; corona present, (0-) 1-2 mmlong, undivided to slightly 4-lobed; stamens 1.2-2.8 mmlong, anthers obconical to orbicular, 0.7-1.9 mmlong; pistil 1.2-2.7 mmlong, stigma capitate. Fruitingpedicel 3-15 3 0.6- 1.3 mm; young fruits green, dark red when mature, ovoid, 12-14.5 3 9.5-11.5 mm, surface smooth, apex apiculate to flat, with the persistent style; dry pericarp 0.5-0.7 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 8.5-10.5 3 6.5-10 mm.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia buxifoliaoccurs in low- to high-elevation dry forests from Antsalova in the west to Andohahela in the south ( Fig. 3). It produces flowers and fruits from November to June.   Conservation status Based on 21 collections representing 15 localities, the assessment indicated an EOO of 96,461 km 2, an AOO of 60 km 2(although the true AOO is probably larger than 2,000 km 2), and 11 subpopulations representing 10 locations, of which seven occur within protected areas (Amoron’i Onilahy, Analavelona, Andohahela, Behara-Tranomavo, Bemaraha, Corridor Parcel I-II Andohahela, and Menabe-Antanimena). Therefore,  N. buxifoliais assigned a preliminary status of “Near Threatened”.   Notes   Noronhia buxifoliacan be recognized by its ovate, acuminate leaf blades and fasciculate, long-pedicellate red flowers. It differs from  N. tefyanaHong-Wa by its ovate (vs. broadly lanceolate) leaves and its urceolate (vs. cupuliform) and red (vs. pinkish tinged green) flowers. PERRIER DE LA BâTHIE (1949, 1952) distinguished the variety  N. buxifoliavar. quadrilobaH. Perrierbased on differences in leaf, corolla and corona size and the margin of the corona. These differences, however, are only part of the range of variations within this species and do not justify the recognition of a distinct entity below the species level or at any other rank. Therefore, the variety  N. buxifoliavar. quadrilobais placed in synonymy.   Additional specimens examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Mahajanga: Tsingy de Bemaraha  Nof Manambolo river, 19°09’S 44°49’E,  50 m,  28.XI.1996,  Jongkindet al. 3262( MO, TAN, WAG);  Besaraha, [ 18°41’13”S 44°15’11”E],  0-20 m,  18.XII.1952,  Leandriet al. 2257( G, MO, P);  Antsalova, [ 18°13’S 44°35’E],  150-750 m,  11. I.1959,  Réserves Naturelles10210( G, MO, P, TEF).  Prov. Toliara: Morondava, forêt de Marosalaza, [ 20°02’S 44°33’E],  9. VI.1974,  Abraham79( MO, P);  Sakaraha, Mahaboboka, Marotsiraka-Betsileo, 22°38’36”S 44°10’17”E,  1285 m,  7.XI.2007,  Andriamihajarivoet al. 1485( MO, P, TAN);  Ampandrandava, [ 24°05’S 45°42’E],  1200 m,  XI.1943,  Herb. Jard. Bot. Tan.5390( P);  Forêt d’Analavelona(bassin du Fiherenana), [ 22°41’S 44°08’E],  1000- 1200 m,  15-19.XII.1946,  Humbert19754bis( P);  Massif de l’Andohahelaet abords, au  Nde Imonty(RN XI), [ 24°49’S 46°41’E],  400-1900 m,  3.XII.1960,  Leandri& Saboureau4218( P);  Hautbassin de la Mananaraet abords ( SE), [ 24°46’S 46°43’E],  400-1900 m,  3.XII.1960,  Leandri& Saboureau4437( G, MO, P);  Forêt d’Analavelona, près d’Antanimena, 22°40’42’’S 44°11’30’’E,  1050 m,  12.III.1998,  Messmer597( G, MO);  Andranohinaly, [ 23°16’30’’S 43°58’30’’E],  20.VIII.1960,  Peltier2570( P);  Forêt d’Analavelona, près de la source de la rivière Manasay, 22°36’50’’S 44°08’00’’E,  1000-1348 m,  7.XI.2000,  Randriatafika220( G, MO, P);  ibid. loc.,  Randriatafika228( G, MO);  Analavelona, [ 22°36’50’’S 44°08’00’’E],  800-1348 m,  10.XII.1955,  Service Forestier15578( P, TEF). 4023241196 1946-12-15 1946-12-19 1946-12-15 M, P, LISC, S, WAG du Fiherenana 1100 -22.683332 Toliara 1258 44.133335 58 58 P00418069, LISC002881, P00418070, S09- 36002, WAG0002490 1 Toliara holotype 4023240495 [738,1040,840,867] B Madagascar Ser. Mem. Inst. Sci. 58 58 1 4023240818 [524,814,878,905] M Biol. Veg. Madagascar 58 58 1 holotype 4023241440 [951,1291,878,905] E Prov. Madagascar Toliara 58 58 1 Toliara holotype 4023241548 1943-11 P d'Ampandrandava & Seyrig Madagascar 1200 -24.083334 Herb. Jard. Bot. 1252 45.7 58 58 P04046973, P00701282 1 Toliara holotype 4023240428 1996-11-28 N, MO, TAN, WAG Jongkind Madagascar 50 -19.15 Tsingy de Bemaraha 1273 44.816666 Prov. 59 59 1 Mahajanga 4023241445 1952-12-18 G, MO, P Leandri Madagascar 10 -18.686943 Besaraha 21 44.253056 59 59 1 4023241242 1959-01-11 I, G, MO, P, TEF Reserves Naturelles Madagascar 450 -18.216667 Antsalova 1276 44.583332 59 59 1 4023241512 1974-06-09 VI, MO, P Abraham Madagascar Prov. -20.033333 Marosalaza 1269 44.55 Morondava 59 59 1 Toliara 4023241067 2007-11-07 MO, P, TAN Andriamihajarivo Madagascar Sakaraha 1285 -22.643333 Marotsiraka-Betsileo 21 44.17139 Mahaboboka 59 59 1 4023240348 1943-11 P Herb. Jard. Bot. Tan. Madagascar 1200 -24.083334 Ampandrandava 1252 45.7 59 59 1 4023240867 1946-12-15 1946-12-19 1946-12-15 P Humbert Madagascar 1100 -22.683332 Fiherenana 1258 44.133335 Foret d'Analavelona 59 59 1 4023241509 1960-12-03 N, P Leandri & Saboureau Madagascar 1150 -24.816668 Massif de l'Andohahela 1249 46.683334 59 59 1 4023241221 [707,1235,1164,1191] SE de la Mananara Madagascar Haut 59 59 1 4023241511 1960-12-03 G, MO, P Leandri & Saboureau Madagascar 1150 -24.766666 1249 46.716667 59 59 1 4023240371 1998-03-12 G, MO Messmer Madagascar 1050 -22.678333 d'Antanimena 21 44.19167 Foret d'Analavelona 59 59 1 4023241492 [583,1463,1276,1303] 1960-08-20 P Peltier Madagascar -23.275 Andranohinaly 21 43.975002 59 59 1 4023240751 2000-11-07 G, MO, P Randriatafika Madagascar 1174 -22.61389 Manasay 21 44.133335 Foret d'Analavelona 59 59 1 4023240726 2000-11-07 G, MO Randriatafika Madagascar 1174 -22.61389 Manasay 21 44.133335 Foret d'Analavelona 59 59 1 4023240743 1955-12-10 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 1074 -22.61389 Analavelona 21 44.133335 59 59 1