A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands Hong-Wa, Cynthia Boissiera 2016 2016-10-21 70 1 292 47QHV 1086343 H. Perrier H. Perrier [506,945,380,408] Magnoliopsida Oleaceae Noronhia Plantae Lamiales 151 151 Tracheophyta species linocerioides    Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Près de Vatomandry, [ 19°20’S 48°59’E],  IX.1921,  Perrier de la Bâthie14111(holo-: P[ P00701478]!; iso-: P[ P00701477, P00418112]!).   Description  Treesto 14 mtall, trunk to 20 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.5-1.7 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark medium gray, smooth. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales rarely persistent; blades medium green glossy above, lighter below, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 3.5-13 3 1.5-5.5 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base acute, margin flat to slightly undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen (0-) 2-17 mmlong, midrib flat to slightly sunken above, distinctly raised above, secondary veins conspicuous, 5-14 per side, 5-21 mmapart, looping 1-5 mmfrom the margin; petiole orange to red, 4-15 3 0.6-2.5 mm, not woody, glabrous. Thyrsesgeminate to fasciculate, pauciflorous, compact to somewhat diffuse; peduncle 3-18 mmlong, moderately to sparsely pubescent; pedicel 1.5-24 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent to glabrous outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 0.5-1.2 3 0.6-1.5 mm; corolla pale yellow, subrotate, 2.2-5 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 0.5-2.3 mmlong, lobes ovate, apex slightly acute; corona present, 1-1.8 mmlong, undivided; stamens 1.2-2 mmlong, anthers depressed obovate, 0.8-1.5 mmlong; pistil 1.2-2.2 mmlong, stigma slightly bilobed. Fruitingpedicel 3-23 3 0.4-2.5 mm; young fruits green, dark red when mature, ovoid, 8-17.5 3 6-15 mm, surface smooth, covered with white dots, apex bluntly pointed to rostellate; dry pericarp 0.2-1.6 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 6-14 3 4-10 mm.   Distribution, ecology and phenology   Noronhia linocerioidesoccurs in low- to high-elevation humid forests in the east, from Daraina to Fort-Dauphin, and in the Sambirano region in the northwest ( Fig. 27). It produces flowers and fruits all year.   Conservation status   Noronhia linocerioidesis widely distributed, ranging throughout almost the entire eastern part of Madagascar, the northeast, and the Sambirano region. Ninety-one collections representing 73 localities were available for analysis. With an EOO of 193,559 km 2, an AOO estimated at 268 km 2but that is certainly much larger, and 50 subpopulations representing 43 locations, of which 15 occur within protected areas (Analalava, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Lokobe, Loky-Manambato, Makira, Makirovana, Mandena, Manombo, Masoala, Ranomafana, Ste Luce, Tsaratanana, Tsaratanana-Ambohimirahavavy-Corridor Marojejy, Tsitongambarika, and Zahamena),  N. linocerioidesis assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.   Notes   Noronhia linocerioidescan be recognized by its reddish petioles, chartaceous leaf blades, and short-tubed, yellow flowers. It differs from  N. brevitubaby the shape of its leaves and flowers and the apex of its fruits, as discussed under that species. Most specimens placed in  Olea ambrensisH. Perrierby GREEN (2002) fall within the range of morphological variation of  N. linocerioides. Among these, Schatz 3605(erroneously cited as Schatz 3405in GREEN (2002), which is actually a collection of  Sideroxylum betsimisarakumLecomte) is phylogenetically related to other specimens clearly belonging to  Noronhia. linocieroides(HONG- WA & BESNARD, 2013, 2014). Thus, most specimens formerly recognized as  Olea ambrensisare transferred here to  Noronhia linocerioides, whereas others were also embedded within another clade comprising species of  Noronhia(HONG- WA & BESNARD, 2013, 2014). Their placement is addressed below under  N. olearia.   Additional specimens examined   MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Vinanivao, Masoala PN, 15°41’33”S, 50°13’30”E,  12-100 m,  15.IX.1996,  Bernard323( K, MO, P, TAN);  Anjanaharibe-Sud RS,  10 kmSW of Befingotra, 14°45’S 49°29’E,  1100-1300 m,  7.IX.1997,  Birkinshawet al. 467( MO, P, TAN);  Antalaha, between Sahantaha and Andongozabe, 15°02’S 50°20’E,  10 m,  20.IX.1997,  Birkinshaw492( MO, P, TAN);  Ambatobiribiry, [ 14°11’S 50°05’E],  50-345 m,  29-30.XI.1950,  Humbert& Capuron24420( G, MO, P);  Masoala PN, Sahamalaza, Vinanivao, 15°35’S 50°25’E, 0 m,  18.IX.1994,  Rahajasoaet al. 408( K, MO, TAN);  Masoala PN, Andrombazaha, 15°16’S 50°29’E,  4.X.1994,  Rahajasoaet al. 751( K, MO, P, TAN);  Marojejy RNI, 14°02’30”S 49°48’20”E,  805 m,  8-16.VII.1994, Rasoavimbahoaka 328( K, MO, P, TAN);  Marotolana, à 7 kmà l’E de Beangona-Ambevy, 14°01’54”S 48°47’01”E,  700-1300 m,  26.XI.2000,  Ratovoson347( MO, P, TAN);  Andapa, Bealampona, Anjanaharibe-Sud RS, 14°45’03”S 49°30’03”E,  875 m,  18.X.1994,  Ravelonarivoet al. 394( G, K, MO, P, TAN);  Sambava, Anjangoveratra, Antanandava, forêt de Bevagnana, 14°10’38”S 49°57’11”E,  417 m,  5. II.2011,  Ravelonarivoet al. 3606( MO, P, TAN);  Antalaha, Ambohitralanana, Sahafary, 15°17’27”S, 50°22’39”E,  29.IX.1997,  Ravololonanahary& Zera101( G, K, MO, P, TAN); Nosy-Be, Lokobe RNI, [ 13°24’S 48°19’E],  20. V.1952, Réserves Naturelles 4323( P, TAN);  Andapa, Doany, Andranovola, [ 14°22’S 49°31’E],  0-400 m,  31.X.1967,  Service Forestier26451( MO, P, TEF).  Prov. Fianarantsoa: Manombo RS, 23°00’S 47°42’E,  5.III.2009, Hong-Wa et al. 613( MO, P, TAN);  Ranomafana PN, Parcelle1,  Sof Ambohimiera, 21°04’S 47°29’E,  880-1100 m,  15-17.IX.1992,  Malcomberet al. 1561( MO, P, TAN);  Ifanadiana, [ 21°18’S 47°37’E],  1000 m,  10.XII.1954,  Service Forestier13818( P, TEF).  Prov. Mahajanga: Matsoandakana, Andasinanantsomanga Amparihy, 14°55’34”S 49°24’59”E,  1155 m,  24. II.2008,  Bernard929( G, MO, P, TAN).  Prov. Toamasina: Maroantsetra, Anjahana, Ambanizana, 15°37’02”S 49°58’10”E,  20 m,  8. VI.2002,  Antilahimena1064( G, MO, P);  TampoloSTF, 17°16’S 49°25’E,  0-10 m,  15.IV.1997,  Birkinshawet al. 421 A( G, MO, P);  Toamasina, [ 18°49’S 49°08’E],  3-5 m,  13.X.1946,  Cours2994( G, MO, P);  Maroantsetra, Hiaraka, 15°30’S 49°55’E,  100 m,  11.X.1986,  Lowryet al. 4070( MO, P, TAN);  Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana, 15°38’S 49°58’E,  5-10 m,  10. II.1999,  McPhersonet al. 17546( G, K, MO, TAN);  Soanierana-Ivongo, Manompana, forêt d’Andakibe, 16°47’06”S 49°44’18”E,  1.XI.2008,  Nikolov1780( MO, P);  Ambila-Lemaitso, 18°49’S 49°08’E,  10 m,  3.VII.1995,  Razafimandimbison172( G, K, MO, P, TAN);   5-12 kmSW of Maroantsetra, 15°30’S 49°39’E,  10 m,  28.XI.1987,  Schatz1796( MO, P, TAN);  Fénérive-Est, Ambodimanga, TampoloSTF, 17°16’52”S 49°24’44”E,  10 m,  25.XI.1994,  Schatz3605( G, K, MO);  Manakambahiny Est, Ranomainty, près de Nonokambo, [ 17°45’S 48°45’E],  24.XII.1967,  Service Forestier26558( MO, P, TEF);  TampoloSTF, 17°17’S 49°23’E,  8.XI.1981,  Service Forestier32269( TEF);  Ampasin’ Onibe, MahatsaraSTF, 17°38’S 49°29’E,  19.X.1990,  Service Forestier34124( MO, TEF);   4 km Sof Vatomandry, 18°53’49”S 49°07’43”E,  14 m,  10. I.2006,  Toshet al. 69( BR, K, MO, P, TAN).  Prov. Toliara: Fort-Dauphin, Lakandava, 24°58’13’’S 46°57’47’’E,  1.X.2000,  Rabevohitraet al. 3723( G, MO);  Mahatalaky, Sainte Luce, 24°08’04’’S 47°16’38’’E,  5 m,  9.XI.2006,  Ramisonet al. 28( G, MO, P, TEF). 4023240487 1921-09 M, P de Vatomandry & Perrier de la Bathie -19.333334 Pres de Vatomandry 1272 48.983334 151 151 P00701478, P00701477, P00418112 1 Toamasina holotype 4023240547 1996-09-15 K, MO, P, TAN Masoala PN & Bernard Madagascar 56 -15.6925 Vinanivao 21 50.225002 Prov. 152 152 1 Antsiranana 4023241408 1997-09-07 MO, P, TAN Anjanaharibe-Sud RS & Birkinshaw Madagascar 1200 -14.75 10 km SW of Befingotra 1287 49.483334 152 152 1 4023240588 1997-09-20 MO, P, TAN Birkinshaw Madagascar 10 -15.033334 Antalaha 1286 50.333332 152 152 1 4023240603 1950-11-29 1950-11-30 1950-11-29 G, MO, P Humbert & Capuron Madagascar 198 -14.183333 Ambatobiribiry 1289 50.083332 152 152 1 4023240335 1994-09-18 K, MO, TAN Masoala PN & Rahajasoa Madagascar -15.583333 Vinanivao 1284 50.416668 Sahamalaza 152 152 1 4023240404 1994-10-04 K, MO, P, TAN Masoala PN & Rahajasoa Madagascar -15.266666 Andrombazaha 1285 50.483334 152 152 1 4023241349 1994-07-08 1994-07-16 1994-07-08 RNI, K, MO, P, TAN Madagascar 805 -14.041667 Marojejy 21 49.805553 152 152 1 4023241183 2000-11-26 MO, P, TAN de Beangona-Ambevy & Ratovoson Madagascar 1000 -14.031667 Marotolana 21 48.78361 152 152 1 4023240343 1994-10-18 G, K, MO, P, TAN Anjanaharibe-Sud RS & Ravelonarivo Madagascar 875 -14.7508335 Bealampona 21 49.50083 Andapa 152 152 1 4023241033 2011-02-05 II, MO, P, TAN de Bevagnana & Ravelonarivo Madagascar Sambava 417 -14.177222 Antanandava 21 49.953056 Anjangoveratra 152 152 1 4023241055 1997-09-29 G, K, MO, P, TAN Ravololonanahary & Zera Madagascar Antalaha -15.290833 Sahafary 21 50.3775 Ambohitralanana 152 152 1 4023240570 1952-05-20 RNI, V, P, TAN Madagascar -13.4 Lokobe 1291 48.316666 152 152 1 4023240974 1967-10-31 MO, P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar Andapa 200 -14.366667 Andranovola 1288 49.516666 Doany 152 152 1 4023240928 2009-03-05 MO, P, TAN Manombo RS Madagascar -23.0 Prov. 1257 47.7 152 152 1 Fianarantsoa 4023240660 1992-09-15 1992-09-17 1992-09-15 S, MO, P, TAN Ranomafana PN & Malcomber Madagascar 990 -21.066668 Parcelle 1265 47.483334 152 152 1 4023240506 1954-12-10 P, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar 1000 -21.3 Ifanadiana 1264 47.616665 152 152 1 4023241327 2008-02-24 II, G, MO, P, TAN Bernard Madagascar Prov. 1155 -14.926111 Andasinanantsomanga Amparihy 21 49.41639 Matsoandakana 152 152 1 Mahajanga 4023240605 2002-06-08 VI, G, MO, P Antilahimena Madagascar Prov. 20 -15.617223 Anjahana 21 49.969444 Maroantsetra 152 152 1 Toamasina 4023240749 1997-04-15 A, G, MO, P Birkinshaw Madagascar 5 -17.266666 Tampolo 1279 49.416668 152 152 1 4023240550 1946-10-13 G, MO, P Cours Madagascar 4 -18.816668 Toamasina 1274 49.133335 152 152 1 Toamasina 4023241020 1986-10-11 MO, P, TAN Lowry Madagascar 100 -15.5 Hiaraka 1284 49.916668 Maroantsetra 152 152 1 4023240325 1999-02-10 II, G, K, MO, TAN McPherson Madagascar 8 153 153 -15.633333 Ambanizana 1284 49.966667 Masoala Peninsula 152 152 1 4023240457 2008-11-01 MO, P Nikolov Madagascar Soanierana-Ivongo -16.785 d'Andakibe 21 49.738335 Manompana 153 153 1 4023240698 1995-07-03 G, K, MO, P, TAN Razafimandimbison Madagascar 10 -18.816668 Ambila-Lemaitso 1274 49.133335 153 153 1 4023240801 1987-11-28 MO, P, TAN Schatz Madagascar 10 -15.5 5 - 12 km SW of Maroantsetra 1284 49.65 153 153 1 4023241479 1994-11-25 G, K, MO Schatz Madagascar Fenerive-Est 10 -17.28111 Tampolo 21 49.412224 Ambodimanga 153 153 1 4023241266 1967-12-24 MO, P, TEF de Nonokambo & Service Forestier Madagascar -17.75 Ranomainty 1277 48.75 Manakambahiny Est 153 153 1 4023241375 1981-11-08 TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -17.283333 Tampolo 1279 49.383335 153 153 1 4023240481 1990-10-19 MO, TEF Service Forestier Madagascar -17.633333 Mahatsara 1278 49.483334 Ampasin' Onibe 153 153 1 4023240554 2006-01-10 S, I, BR, K, MO, P, TAN Tosh Madagascar 14 -18.896944 4 km S of Vatomandry 21 49.12861 153 153 1 4023240636 2000-10-01 G, MO Rabevohitra Madagascar Prov. -24.970278 Lakandava 21 46.963055 Fort-Dauphin 153 153 1 Toliara 4023241464 2006-11-09 G, MO, P, TEF Ramison Madagascar 5 -24.134445 Sainte Luce 21 47.27722 Mahatalaky 153 153 1