A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands
Hong-Wa, Cynthia
Boissiera
2016
2016-10-21
70
1
292
47QHV
1086343
H. Perrier
H. Perrier
[506,945,380,408]
Magnoliopsida
Oleaceae
Noronhia
Plantae
Lamiales
151
151
Tracheophyta
species
linocerioides
Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Près de Vatomandry, [ 19°20’S 48°59’E], IX.1921, Perrier de la Bâthie14111(holo-: P[ P00701478]!; iso-: P[ P00701477, P00418112]!).
Description Treesto 14 mtall, trunk to 20 cmdiameter; young twigs cylindrical, 0.5-1.7 mmdiameter, glabrous; bark medium gray, smooth. Leavesopposite, persistent; bud scales rarely persistent; blades medium green glossy above, lighter below, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 3.5-13 3 1.5-5.5 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base acute, margin flat to slightly undulate, apex acuminate, the acumen (0-) 2-17 mmlong, midrib flat to slightly sunken above, distinctly raised above, secondary veins conspicuous, 5-14 per side, 5-21 mmapart, looping 1-5 mmfrom the margin; petiole orange to red, 4-15 3 0.6-2.5 mm, not woody, glabrous. Thyrsesgeminate to fasciculate, pauciflorous, compact to somewhat diffuse; peduncle 3-18 mmlong, moderately to sparsely pubescent; pedicel 1.5-24 mmlong, sparsely pubescent; calyx sparsely pubescent to glabrous outside, glabrous inside, lobes triangular, 0.5-1.2 3 0.6-1.5 mm; corolla pale yellow, subrotate, 2.2-5 mmlong, glabrous on both sides, the tube 0.5-2.3 mmlong, lobes ovate, apex slightly acute; corona present, 1-1.8 mmlong, undivided; stamens 1.2-2 mmlong, anthers depressed obovate, 0.8-1.5 mmlong; pistil 1.2-2.2 mmlong, stigma slightly bilobed. Fruitingpedicel 3-23 3 0.4-2.5 mm; young fruits green, dark red when mature, ovoid, 8-17.5 3 6-15 mm, surface smooth, covered with white dots, apex bluntly pointed to rostellate; dry pericarp 0.2-1.6 mmthick; endocarp woody; seed 6-14 3 4-10 mm.
Distribution, ecology and phenology Noronhia linocerioidesoccurs in low- to high-elevation humid forests in the east, from Daraina to Fort-Dauphin, and in the Sambirano region in the northwest ( Fig. 27). It produces flowers and fruits all year.
Conservation status Noronhia linocerioidesis widely distributed, ranging throughout almost the entire eastern part of Madagascar, the northeast, and the Sambirano region. Ninety-one collections representing 73 localities were available for analysis. With an EOO of 193,559 km 2, an AOO estimated at 268 km 2but that is certainly much larger, and 50 subpopulations representing 43 locations, of which 15 occur within protected areas (Analalava, Anjanaharibe-Sud, Lokobe, Loky-Manambato, Makira, Makirovana, Mandena, Manombo, Masoala, Ranomafana, Ste Luce, Tsaratanana, Tsaratanana-Ambohimirahavavy-Corridor Marojejy, Tsitongambarika, and Zahamena), N. linocerioidesis assigned a preliminary status of “Least Concern”.
Notes Noronhia linocerioidescan be recognized by its reddish petioles, chartaceous leaf blades, and short-tubed, yellow flowers. It differs from N. brevitubaby the shape of its leaves and flowers and the apex of its fruits, as discussed under that species. Most specimens placed in Olea ambrensisH. Perrierby GREEN (2002) fall within the range of morphological variation of N. linocerioides. Among these, Schatz 3605(erroneously cited as Schatz 3405in GREEN (2002), which is actually a collection of Sideroxylum betsimisarakumLecomte) is phylogenetically related to other specimens clearly belonging to Noronhia. linocieroides(HONG- WA & BESNARD, 2013, 2014). Thus, most specimens formerly recognized as Olea ambrensisare transferred here to Noronhia linocerioides, whereas others were also embedded within another clade comprising species of Noronhia(HONG- WA & BESNARD, 2013, 2014). Their placement is addressed below under N. olearia.
Additional specimens examined MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Vinanivao, Masoala PN, 15°41’33”S, 50°13’30”E, 12-100 m, 15.IX.1996, Bernard323( K, MO, P, TAN); Anjanaharibe-Sud RS, 10 kmSW of Befingotra, 14°45’S 49°29’E, 1100-1300 m, 7.IX.1997, Birkinshawet al. 467( MO, P, TAN); Antalaha, between Sahantaha and Andongozabe, 15°02’S 50°20’E, 10 m, 20.IX.1997, Birkinshaw492( MO, P, TAN); Ambatobiribiry, [ 14°11’S 50°05’E], 50-345 m, 29-30.XI.1950, Humbert& Capuron24420( G, MO, P); Masoala PN, Sahamalaza, Vinanivao, 15°35’S 50°25’E, 0 m, 18.IX.1994, Rahajasoaet al. 408( K, MO, TAN); Masoala PN, Andrombazaha, 15°16’S 50°29’E, 4.X.1994, Rahajasoaet al. 751( K, MO, P, TAN); Marojejy RNI, 14°02’30”S 49°48’20”E, 805 m, 8-16.VII.1994, Rasoavimbahoaka 328( K, MO, P, TAN); Marotolana, à 7 kmà l’E de Beangona-Ambevy, 14°01’54”S 48°47’01”E, 700-1300 m, 26.XI.2000, Ratovoson347( MO, P, TAN); Andapa, Bealampona, Anjanaharibe-Sud RS, 14°45’03”S 49°30’03”E, 875 m, 18.X.1994, Ravelonarivoet al. 394( G, K, MO, P, TAN); Sambava, Anjangoveratra, Antanandava, forêt de Bevagnana, 14°10’38”S 49°57’11”E, 417 m, 5. II.2011, Ravelonarivoet al. 3606( MO, P, TAN); Antalaha, Ambohitralanana, Sahafary, 15°17’27”S, 50°22’39”E, 29.IX.1997, Ravololonanahary& Zera101( G, K, MO, P, TAN); Nosy-Be, Lokobe RNI, [ 13°24’S 48°19’E], 20. V.1952, Réserves Naturelles 4323( P, TAN); Andapa, Doany, Andranovola, [ 14°22’S 49°31’E], 0-400 m, 31.X.1967, Service Forestier26451( MO, P, TEF). Prov. Fianarantsoa: Manombo RS, 23°00’S 47°42’E, 5.III.2009, Hong-Wa et al. 613( MO, P, TAN); Ranomafana PN, Parcelle1, Sof Ambohimiera, 21°04’S 47°29’E, 880-1100 m, 15-17.IX.1992, Malcomberet al. 1561( MO, P, TAN); Ifanadiana, [ 21°18’S 47°37’E], 1000 m, 10.XII.1954, Service Forestier13818( P, TEF). Prov. Mahajanga: Matsoandakana, Andasinanantsomanga Amparihy, 14°55’34”S 49°24’59”E, 1155 m, 24. II.2008, Bernard929( G, MO, P, TAN). Prov. Toamasina: Maroantsetra, Anjahana, Ambanizana, 15°37’02”S 49°58’10”E, 20 m, 8. VI.2002, Antilahimena1064( G, MO, P); TampoloSTF, 17°16’S 49°25’E, 0-10 m, 15.IV.1997, Birkinshawet al. 421 A( G, MO, P); Toamasina, [ 18°49’S 49°08’E], 3-5 m, 13.X.1946, Cours2994( G, MO, P); Maroantsetra, Hiaraka, 15°30’S 49°55’E, 100 m, 11.X.1986, Lowryet al. 4070( MO, P, TAN); Masoala Peninsula, Ambanizana, 15°38’S 49°58’E, 5-10 m, 10. II.1999, McPhersonet al. 17546( G, K, MO, TAN); Soanierana-Ivongo, Manompana, forêt d’Andakibe, 16°47’06”S 49°44’18”E, 1.XI.2008, Nikolov1780( MO, P); Ambila-Lemaitso, 18°49’S 49°08’E, 10 m, 3.VII.1995, Razafimandimbison172( G, K, MO, P, TAN); 5-12 kmSW of Maroantsetra, 15°30’S 49°39’E, 10 m, 28.XI.1987, Schatz1796( MO, P, TAN); Fénérive-Est, Ambodimanga, TampoloSTF, 17°16’52”S 49°24’44”E, 10 m, 25.XI.1994, Schatz3605( G, K, MO); Manakambahiny Est, Ranomainty, près de Nonokambo, [ 17°45’S 48°45’E], 24.XII.1967, Service Forestier26558( MO, P, TEF); TampoloSTF, 17°17’S 49°23’E, 8.XI.1981, Service Forestier32269( TEF); Ampasin’ Onibe, MahatsaraSTF, 17°38’S 49°29’E, 19.X.1990, Service Forestier34124( MO, TEF); 4 km Sof Vatomandry, 18°53’49”S 49°07’43”E, 14 m, 10. I.2006, Toshet al. 69( BR, K, MO, P, TAN). Prov. Toliara: Fort-Dauphin, Lakandava, 24°58’13’’S 46°57’47’’E, 1.X.2000, Rabevohitraet al. 3723( G, MO); Mahatalaky, Sainte Luce, 24°08’04’’S 47°16’38’’E, 5 m, 9.XI.2006, Ramisonet al. 28( G, MO, P, TEF).
4023240487
1921-09
M, P
de Vatomandry & Perrier de la Bathie
-19.333334
Pres de Vatomandry
1272
48.983334
151
151
P00701478, P00701477, P00418112
1
Toamasina
holotype
4023240547
1996-09-15
K, MO, P, TAN
Masoala PN & Bernard
Madagascar
56
-15.6925
Vinanivao
21
50.225002
Prov.
152
152
1
Antsiranana
4023241408
1997-09-07
MO, P, TAN
Anjanaharibe-Sud RS & Birkinshaw
Madagascar
1200
-14.75
10 km SW of Befingotra
1287
49.483334
152
152
1
4023240588
1997-09-20
MO, P, TAN
Birkinshaw
Madagascar
10
-15.033334
Antalaha
1286
50.333332
152
152
1
4023240603
1950-11-29
1950-11-30
1950-11-29
G, MO, P
Humbert & Capuron
Madagascar
198
-14.183333
Ambatobiribiry
1289
50.083332
152
152
1
4023240335
1994-09-18
K, MO, TAN
Masoala PN & Rahajasoa
Madagascar
-15.583333
Vinanivao
1284
50.416668
Sahamalaza
152
152
1
4023240404
1994-10-04
K, MO, P, TAN
Masoala PN & Rahajasoa
Madagascar
-15.266666
Andrombazaha
1285
50.483334
152
152
1
4023241349
1994-07-08
1994-07-16
1994-07-08
RNI, K, MO, P, TAN
Madagascar
805
-14.041667
Marojejy
21
49.805553
152
152
1
4023241183
2000-11-26
MO, P, TAN
de Beangona-Ambevy & Ratovoson
Madagascar
1000
-14.031667
Marotolana
21
48.78361
152
152
1
4023240343
1994-10-18
G, K, MO, P, TAN
Anjanaharibe-Sud RS & Ravelonarivo
Madagascar
875
-14.7508335
Bealampona
21
49.50083
Andapa
152
152
1
4023241033
2011-02-05
II, MO, P, TAN
de Bevagnana & Ravelonarivo
Madagascar
Sambava
417
-14.177222
Antanandava
21
49.953056
Anjangoveratra
152
152
1
4023241055
1997-09-29
G, K, MO, P, TAN
Ravololonanahary & Zera
Madagascar
Antalaha
-15.290833
Sahafary
21
50.3775
Ambohitralanana
152
152
1
4023240570
1952-05-20
RNI, V, P, TAN
Madagascar
-13.4
Lokobe
1291
48.316666
152
152
1
4023240974
1967-10-31
MO, P, TEF
Service Forestier
Madagascar
Andapa
200
-14.366667
Andranovola
1288
49.516666
Doany
152
152
1
4023240928
2009-03-05
MO, P, TAN
Manombo RS
Madagascar
-23.0
Prov.
1257
47.7
152
152
1
Fianarantsoa
4023240660
1992-09-15
1992-09-17
1992-09-15
S, MO, P, TAN
Ranomafana PN & Malcomber
Madagascar
990
-21.066668
Parcelle
1265
47.483334
152
152
1
4023240506
1954-12-10
P, TEF
Service Forestier
Madagascar
1000
-21.3
Ifanadiana
1264
47.616665
152
152
1
4023241327
2008-02-24
II, G, MO, P, TAN
Bernard
Madagascar
Prov.
1155
-14.926111
Andasinanantsomanga Amparihy
21
49.41639
Matsoandakana
152
152
1
Mahajanga
4023240605
2002-06-08
VI, G, MO, P
Antilahimena
Madagascar
Prov.
20
-15.617223
Anjahana
21
49.969444
Maroantsetra
152
152
1
Toamasina
4023240749
1997-04-15
A, G, MO, P
Birkinshaw
Madagascar
5
-17.266666
Tampolo
1279
49.416668
152
152
1
4023240550
1946-10-13
G, MO, P
Cours
Madagascar
4
-18.816668
Toamasina
1274
49.133335
152
152
1
Toamasina
4023241020
1986-10-11
MO, P, TAN
Lowry
Madagascar
100
-15.5
Hiaraka
1284
49.916668
Maroantsetra
152
152
1
4023240325
1999-02-10
II, G, K, MO, TAN
McPherson
Madagascar
8
153
153
-15.633333
Ambanizana
1284
49.966667
Masoala Peninsula
152
152
1
4023240457
2008-11-01
MO, P
Nikolov
Madagascar
Soanierana-Ivongo
-16.785
d'Andakibe
21
49.738335
Manompana
153
153
1
4023240698
1995-07-03
G, K, MO, P, TAN
Razafimandimbison
Madagascar
10
-18.816668
Ambila-Lemaitso
1274
49.133335
153
153
1
4023240801
1987-11-28
MO, P, TAN
Schatz
Madagascar
10
-15.5
5 - 12 km SW of Maroantsetra
1284
49.65
153
153
1
4023241479
1994-11-25
G, K, MO
Schatz
Madagascar
Fenerive-Est
10
-17.28111
Tampolo
21
49.412224
Ambodimanga
153
153
1
4023241266
1967-12-24
MO, P, TEF
de Nonokambo & Service Forestier
Madagascar
-17.75
Ranomainty
1277
48.75
Manakambahiny Est
153
153
1
4023241375
1981-11-08
TEF
Service Forestier
Madagascar
-17.283333
Tampolo
1279
49.383335
153
153
1
4023240481
1990-10-19
MO, TEF
Service Forestier
Madagascar
-17.633333
Mahatsara
1278
49.483334
Ampasin' Onibe
153
153
1
4023240554
2006-01-10
S, I, BR, K, MO, P, TAN
Tosh
Madagascar
14
-18.896944
4 km S of Vatomandry
21
49.12861
153
153
1
4023240636
2000-10-01
G, MO
Rabevohitra
Madagascar
Prov.
-24.970278
Lakandava
21
46.963055
Fort-Dauphin
153
153
1
Toliara
4023241464
2006-11-09
G, MO, P, TEF
Ramison
Madagascar
5
-24.134445
Sainte Luce
21
47.27722
Mahatalaky
153
153
1