Review of the Oxynoemacheilus tigris group with the description of two new species from the Euphrates drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)
Freyhof, Jörg
Kaya, Cüneyt
Turan, Davut
Geiger, Matthias
Zootaxa
2019
2019-05-28
4612
1
29
57
4BG8F
[151,471,153,180]
Actinopterygii
Nemacheilidae
Oxynoemacheilus
Animalia
Cypriniformes
10
39
Chordata
species
kaynaki
( Fig. 7–9) Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk‘akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008:115, figs. 1–3 ( typelocality: Turkey: Göksu River, Nurhak, Elbi- stan, Firat basin, 37°53‘22.82‘‘N 37°22‘19.99‘‘E).
Material examined.FFR 1447, 7, 60–64 mmSL; FFR 15519, 15, 46–65 mmSL; Turkey: Malatya prov.: stream Sultan Suyu, about 8 kmeast of Akçadağ, 38.339 38.062.— FFR 1466, 13, 31–61 mmSL; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangal, about 2 kmeast of Çetinkaya, 39.253 37.626.— FFR 1483, 3, 31–42 mmSL; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangal, about 4 kmeast of Çetinkaya, 39.278 37.653.— FFR 15509, 14, 52–68 mmSL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Göksuat Düzbağ, 37.795 37.471.— FFR 15528, 20, 35–63 mmSL; Turkey: Muş prov.: stream Kay- narca at Tepe, 39.107 41.492.— FSJF 1989, 11, 31–48 mmSL; Turkey: Elazığ prov.: stream Gülat Karakocan, at road from Elazığto Bingöl, 38.9660 40.0271.— FSJF 2937, 2, 67–68 mmSL; Turkey: stream Sürgü between Hamzalar and Kapıdere, 37.9536 37.6952.— FSJF 2911, 26, 29–64 mmSL; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangalunder railway bridge at Çetinkaya 39.2516 37.6189. IUSHM 2019-1412, 2, 52–54 mmSL; Turkey: stream Tatlıat Kabakçevliği, 25 kmeast of Kangal, 39.3013 37.6743. FIGURE 7. Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, from top: FFR 15509, 67 mm SL, 63 mm SL; 62 mm SL; Turkey: stream Göksu. FIGURE 8. Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, from top: FSJF 2937, 68 mm SL; Turkey: stream Sürgü; FFR 15528, 63 mm SL; Turkey: stream Kaynarca. Material used in molecular genetic analysis.FFR DNA-297–299, 318, 319, 322, 323, 326, 327; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.:stream Göksuat Düzbağ, 37.705 37.479.( GenBankaccession numbers: MK546494- MK546496). —FFR DNA-265–267; Turkey: Malatya prov.: stream Sultan Suyu, about 8 kmeast of Akçadağ, 38.339 38.062. ( GenBankaccession numbers: MK546490- MK546492).—FFR DNA-262, 275; Turkey: Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangalunder railway bridge at Çetinkaya 39.2516 37.6189. ( GenBankaccession numbers: MK546489, MK546493).—FFR DNA-335–336; Turkey: Muş prov.: stream Kaynarcaat Tepe, 39.107 41.492. ( GenBankac- cession numbers: MK546503- MK546504)— FSJF DNA-1389; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangalunder railway bridge at Çetinkaya 39.2516 37.6189. ( GenBankaccession numbers: MK546473- MK546474).— FSJF DNA- 1473; Turkey: stream Sürgü between Hamzalar and Kapıdere, 37.9536 37.6952. ( GenBankaccession numbers: MK546461- MK546462).— FSJF DNA-2401; Turkey: stream Tatlıat Kabakçevliği, 25 kmeast of Kangal, 39.3013 37.6743. ( GenBankaccession number: MK546475). Additional distribution records. GBIF: 39.2516 37.6189, 37.9536 37.6952.
Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis distinguished from O. ercisianusand O. hazarensisby having a complete lateral line (vs. incomplete), a shallow, wide and long dorsal adipose ridge on the caudal peduncle not elevated from the dorsal profile on caudal peduncle, reaching to the middle of the caudal peduncle or below the last dorsalfin ray when folded down (vs. no dorsal-adipose crest or ridge in individuals smaller than 50 mmSL, if present, short, reaching forward to vertical through base of last anal-fin ray, but usually much shorter, elevated from dorsal profile), no suborbital groove in the male (vs. present in O. hazarensis), the flank covered by scales (vs. absent in O. ercisianus, scales present on caudal peduncle in O. hazarensis), and a bold, dark-brown or black bar at the caudal-fin base (vs. a mottled pattern).
Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiwas described from the upper Göksu River drainage and it is here re- ported from the stream Kaynarca and the stream Gül, which is a headwater of the Peri Suyu, the Sultan Suyu, which flows to the Karakaya reservoir and the Kangal stream, which flows to the Keban reservoir.
Remarks.Our molecular data ( Fig. 1) place O. kaynakiin the O. tigrisspecies group. FIGURE 9. Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, from top: FFR 15519, about 50 mm SL; Turkey: stream Sultan Suyu; IUSHM 2019- 1412, 54 mm SL; Turkey: stream Tatlı; FSJF 2911, 64 mm SL, Turkey: stream Kangal. Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis widespread in the upper Euphrates drainage ( Fig. 2). Our data strongly suggest that there are many more or less isolated populations of O. kaynakiwhich also show little molecular and morphological differences. The intraspecific variability in O. kaynakiranges from 0.5% K2P distance between the populations from the Kaynarca (Murat) and the Göksu River to 1.0% K2P distance between the Kangal and Sultan Suyu drainages.
Oxynoemacheilus kaynakifrom the Kangal and Sultan Suyu are distinguished from those of the Göksu and Murat by having a shorter dorsal adipose ridge, reaching forward to the vertical through the base of the last anal-fin ray, but usually much shorter (vs. very long not elevated from the dorsal profile, reaching below the last dorsal-fin ray when folded down), 8–11 small brownish blotches on the back (vs. 5–8 large blackish blotches or saddles), and a deeper caudal peduncle (13–15% SL vs. 10–13). However, the grouping in fishes with a long or a short dorsal adipose ridge is not supported by molecular character and would make the two groups paraphyletic. Furthermore, we expect also more morphologically intermediate fishes, when more populations will be examined in the future. Therefore, all these populations are identified as O. kaynaki. Erk‘akan et al.(2008)described O. kaynakias having a convex or truncate caudal fin. They show a very poor quality photograph of the holotype, in which the upper and lower part of the caudal fin seems to be broken. In our material, there are several individuals which have an almost truncate caudal fin, but no individual has a convex caudal fin. Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis distinguished from O. araxensis, O. argyrogramma, O. bergianus, O. euphraticus,and O. samanticusby having no suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), a slightly emarginate or almost truncate caudal fin (vs. deeply emarginate or slightly forked), and no black spots at the caudal-fin base (vs. having two bold black spots in O. argyrogrammaand O. euphraticus). Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis distinguished from O. paucilepisby having a long dorsal adipose ridge on the caudal peduncle (vs. no ridge or crest), the flank with a mottled or marmorate brown pattern, with irregularly shaped brown bars, especially on the flank behind the dorsal-fin origin in some individuals (vs. flank with a distinct midlateral series of roundish or horizontally elongated large brown blotches and a row of small brown blotches between the upper pelvic-fin base and the lowermost caudal-fin base).
2244393115
Turkey
39.253
Cetinkaya
70
37.626
Kangal
10
39
1
Sivas
2244393117
Turkey
39.278
Cetinkaya
70
37.653
Kangal
10
39
1
Sivas
2244393143
Turkey
37.795
Duzbag
70
37.471
Goksu
10
39
1
Adiyaman
2244393123
FSJF
Turkey
39.107
Tepe
70
41.492
10
39
FSJF 1989, 11
1
Mus
2244393141
FSJF
Gul & Karakocan
Turkey
38.966
Elazig prov.
6
40.0271
10
39
FSJF 2937, 2
1
Elazig
2244393130
FSJF
Surgu
Turkey
37.9536
between Hamzalar and Kapidere
6
37.6952
10
39
FSJF 2911, 26
1
2244393121
IUSHM
Kangal
Turkey
39.2516
Cetinkaya
6
37.6189
10
39
IUSHM 2019-1412, 2
1
Sivas
2244393104
Tatli
Turkey
39.3013
Kangal
6
37.6743
10
39
1
2244393113
MK
GenBank
Turkey
37.705
Duzbag
70
37.479
Goksu
11
40
DNA-265-267
1
Adiyaman
2244393107
MK
GenBank
Turkey
38.339
Akcadag
70
38.062
Sultan Suyu
11
40
DNA-262, 275
1
Malatya
2244393122
DNA
GenBank
Turkey
39.2516
Cetinkaya
6
37.6189
Kangal
11
40
DNA-335-336
1
Sivas
2244393133
MK, FSJF
GenBank
Turkey
39.107
Tepe
70
41.492
Kaynarca
11
40
DNA-1389
1
Mus
2244393111
MK, FSJF
GenBank
Turkey
39.2516
Cetinkaya
6
37.6189
Kangal
11
40
DNA- 1473
1
Sivas
2244393146
MK, FSJF
GenBank
Turkey
37.9536
Surgu
6
37.6952
11
40
DNA-2401
1
2244393103
MK
GenBank
Turkey
Tatli
39.3013
Kangal
6
37.6743
Kabakcevligi
11
40
1