Review of the Oxynoemacheilus tigris group with the description of two new species from the Euphrates drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) Freyhof, Jörg Kaya, Cüneyt Turan, Davut Geiger, Matthias Zootaxa 2019 2019-05-28 4612 1 29 57 4BG8F [151,471,153,180] Actinopterygii Nemacheilidae Oxynoemacheilus Animalia Cypriniformes 10 39 Chordata species kaynaki  ( Fig. 7–9)   Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki Erk‘akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008:115, figs. 1–3 ( typelocality: Turkey: Göksu River, Nurhak, Elbi- stan, Firat basin, 37°53‘22.82‘‘N 37°22‘19.99‘‘E).   Material examined.FFR 1447, 7, 60–64 mmSL; FFR 15519, 15, 46–65 mmSL; Turkey: Malatya prov.: stream Sultan Suyu, about 8 kmeast of Akçadağ, 38.339 38.062.— FFR 1466, 13, 31–61 mmSL; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangal, about 2 kmeast of Çetinkaya, 39.253 37.626.— FFR 1483, 3, 31–42 mmSL; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangal, about 4 kmeast of Çetinkaya, 39.278 37.653.— FFR 15509, 14, 52–68 mmSL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Göksuat Düzbağ, 37.795 37.471.— FFR 15528, 20, 35–63 mmSL; Turkey: Muş prov.: stream Kay- narca at Tepe, 39.107 41.492.— FSJF 1989, 11,  31–48 mmSL; Turkey: Elazığ prov.: stream Gülat Karakocan, at road from Elazığto Bingöl, 38.9660 40.0271.— FSJF 2937, 2,  67–68 mmSL; Turkey: stream Sürgü between Hamzalar and Kapıdere, 37.9536 37.6952.— FSJF 2911, 26,  29–64 mmSL; Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangalunder railway bridge at Çetinkaya 39.2516 37.6189. IUSHM 2019-1412, 2,  52–54 mmSL; Turkey: stream Tatlıat Kabakçevliği, 25 kmeast of Kangal, 39.3013 37.6743.   FIGURE 7.  Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, from top: FFR 15509, 67 mm SL, 63 mm SL; 62 mm SL; Turkey: stream Göksu.   FIGURE 8.  Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, from top: FSJF 2937, 68 mm SL; Turkey: stream Sürgü; FFR 15528, 63 mm SL; Turkey: stream Kaynarca.  Material used in molecular genetic analysis.FFR DNA-297–299, 318, 319, 322, 323, 326, 327;  Turkey: Adıyaman prov.:stream Göksuat Düzbağ, 37.705 37.479.( GenBankaccession numbers:  MK546494-  MK546496). —FFR DNA-265–267;  Turkey: Malatya prov.: stream Sultan Suyu, about 8 kmeast of Akçadağ, 38.339 38.062. ( GenBankaccession numbers:  MK546490-  MK546492).—FFR DNA-262, 275;  Turkey: Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangalunder railway bridge at Çetinkaya 39.2516 37.6189. ( GenBankaccession numbers: MK546489, MK546493).—FFR DNA-335–336;  Turkey: Muş prov.: stream Kaynarcaat Tepe, 39.107 41.492. ( GenBankac- cession numbers:  MK546503-  MK546504)— FSJF DNA-1389;  Turkey: Sivas prov.: stream Kangalunder railway bridge at Çetinkaya 39.2516 37.6189. ( GenBankaccession numbers:  MK546473-  MK546474).— FSJF DNA- 1473;  Turkey: stream Sürgü between Hamzalar and Kapıdere, 37.9536 37.6952. ( GenBankaccession numbers:  MK546461-  MK546462).— FSJF DNA-2401;  Turkey: stream Tatlıat Kabakçevliği, 25 kmeast of Kangal, 39.3013 37.6743. ( GenBankaccession number:  MK546475).  Additional distribution records. GBIF: 39.2516 37.6189, 37.9536 37.6952.   Diagnosis.  Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis distinguished from  O. ercisianusand  O. hazarensisby having a complete lateral line (vs. incomplete), a shallow, wide and long dorsal adipose ridge on the caudal peduncle not elevated from the dorsal profile on caudal peduncle, reaching to the middle of the caudal peduncle or below the last dorsalfin ray when folded down (vs. no dorsal-adipose crest or ridge in individuals smaller than 50 mmSL, if present, short, reaching forward to vertical through base of last anal-fin ray, but usually much shorter, elevated from dorsal profile), no suborbital groove in the male (vs. present in  O. hazarensis), the flank covered by scales (vs. absent in  O. ercisianus, scales present on caudal peduncle in  O. hazarensis), and a bold, dark-brown or black bar at the caudal-fin base (vs. a mottled pattern).   Distribution.  Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiwas described from the upper Göksu River drainage and it is here re- ported from the stream Kaynarca and the stream Gül, which is a headwater of the Peri Suyu, the Sultan Suyu, which flows to the Karakaya reservoir and the Kangal stream, which flows to the Keban reservoir.   Remarks.Our molecular data ( Fig. 1) place  O. kaynakiin the  O. tigrisspecies group.   FIGURE 9.  Oxynoemacheilus kaynaki, from top: FFR 15519, about 50 mm SL; Turkey: stream Sultan Suyu; IUSHM 2019- 1412, 54 mm SL; Turkey: stream Tatlı; FSJF 2911, 64 mm SL, Turkey: stream Kangal.   Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis widespread in the upper Euphrates drainage ( Fig. 2). Our data strongly suggest that there are many more or less isolated populations of  O. kaynakiwhich also show little molecular and morphological differences. The intraspecific variability in  O. kaynakiranges from 0.5% K2P distance between the populations from the Kaynarca (Murat) and the Göksu River to 1.0% K2P distance between the Kangal and Sultan Suyu drainages.    Oxynoemacheilus kaynakifrom the Kangal and Sultan Suyu are distinguished from those of the Göksu and Murat by having a shorter dorsal adipose ridge, reaching forward to the vertical through the base of the last anal-fin ray, but usually much shorter (vs. very long not elevated from the dorsal profile, reaching below the last dorsal-fin ray when folded down), 8–11 small brownish blotches on the back (vs. 5–8 large blackish blotches or saddles), and a deeper caudal peduncle (13–15% SL vs. 10–13). However, the grouping in fishes with a long or a short dorsal adipose ridge is not supported by molecular character and would make the two groups paraphyletic. Furthermore, we expect also more morphologically intermediate fishes, when more populations will be examined in the future. Therefore, all these populations are identified as  O. kaynaki.  Erk‘akan et al.(2008)described  O. kaynakias having a convex or truncate caudal fin. They show a very poor quality photograph of the holotype, in which the upper and lower part of the caudal fin seems to be broken. In our material, there are several individuals which have an almost truncate caudal fin, but no individual has a convex caudal fin.   Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis distinguished from  O. araxensis,  O. argyrogramma,  O. bergianus, O. euphraticus,and  O. samanticusby having no suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), a slightly emarginate or almost truncate caudal fin (vs. deeply emarginate or slightly forked), and no black spots at the caudal-fin base (vs. having two bold black spots in  O. argyrogrammaand  O. euphraticus).   Oxynoemacheilus kaynakiis distinguished from  O. paucilepisby having a long dorsal adipose ridge on the caudal peduncle (vs. no ridge or crest), the flank with a mottled or marmorate brown pattern, with irregularly shaped brown bars, especially on the flank behind the dorsal-fin origin in some individuals (vs. flank with a distinct midlateral series of roundish or horizontally elongated large brown blotches and a row of small brown blotches between the upper pelvic-fin base and the lowermost caudal-fin base). 2244393115 Turkey 39.253 Cetinkaya 70 37.626 Kangal 10 39 1 Sivas 2244393117 Turkey 39.278 Cetinkaya 70 37.653 Kangal 10 39 1 Sivas 2244393143 Turkey 37.795 Duzbag 70 37.471 Goksu 10 39 1 Adiyaman 2244393123 FSJF Turkey 39.107 Tepe 70 41.492 10 39 FSJF 1989, 11 1 Mus 2244393141 FSJF Gul & Karakocan Turkey 38.966 Elazig prov. 6 40.0271 10 39 FSJF 2937, 2 1 Elazig 2244393130 FSJF Surgu Turkey 37.9536 between Hamzalar and Kapidere 6 37.6952 10 39 FSJF 2911, 26 1 2244393121 IUSHM Kangal Turkey 39.2516 Cetinkaya 6 37.6189 10 39 IUSHM 2019-1412, 2 1 Sivas 2244393104 Tatli Turkey 39.3013 Kangal 6 37.6743 10 39 1 2244393113 MK GenBank Turkey 37.705 Duzbag 70 37.479 Goksu 11 40 DNA-265-267 1 Adiyaman 2244393107 MK GenBank Turkey 38.339 Akcadag 70 38.062 Sultan Suyu 11 40 DNA-262, 275 1 Malatya 2244393122 DNA GenBank Turkey 39.2516 Cetinkaya 6 37.6189 Kangal 11 40 DNA-335-336 1 Sivas 2244393133 MK, FSJF GenBank Turkey 39.107 Tepe 70 41.492 Kaynarca 11 40 DNA-1389 1 Mus 2244393111 MK, FSJF GenBank Turkey 39.2516 Cetinkaya 6 37.6189 Kangal 11 40 DNA- 1473 1 Sivas 2244393146 MK, FSJF GenBank Turkey 37.9536 Surgu 6 37.6952 11 40 DNA-2401 1 2244393103 MK GenBank Turkey Tatli 39.3013 Kangal 6 37.6743 Kabakcevligi 11 40 1