Bolboceras kochi Paulian, 1952: 59 Prototrupes kochi (Paulian) Krikken, 1977a: 165 Systematic revision of endemic southern African genera of Bolboceratinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae) Gussmann S. M. Scholtz, C. H. Journal of Natural History 2000 2000-12-31 34 1045 1123 (Paulian) Paulian 1952 [400,713,1289,1313] Insecta Bolboceratidae Prototrupes Animalia Coleoptera 13 1056 Arthropoda species kochi      Bolboceras kochi Paulian, 1952: 59, ®gures 1±4.    Prototrupes kochi(Paulian):  Krikken, 1977a: 165(Tax.).   Description  Body length. 16.4±25.5 mm.  Head. Clypeuswith vertical incline from apex to well-developed and raised anterior transverse carina; anterior carina arcuate in frontal view, sometimes notched in the middle, and curving downward laterally to antero-latera l clypeal angles; lateral carina absent except for a lateral carinate horn above posterior part of the mandibles. Fronsanteriorly with median bituberculate or bihorned carina or pair of separate tubercles or horns in males and females (®gure 1a).  Pronotum(®gure 2a). Anterior two-®fths with four separate tubercles medially, topping steep, anterior declivity; with carinate protrusion antero-lateral to declivity; with two arcuate, carinate ridges between protrusion and postero-lateral pronotal angle; with dense punctation grading from ®ne punctures in posterior part to large, shallow punctures anteriad and towards sides; lateral margin distinctly crenulate.  Scutellum. Finely to moderately punctate.  Elytron. Striae weekly impressed, their punctures small and separated by two to ®ve puncture diameters; intervals with single punctation (approximately three to ®ve very ®ne punctures between two striae).  Legs. Protibia®ve-, rarely six-dentate (®gure 2a). Protarsuswith ®rst tarsomere always distinctly longer than ®fth tarsomere, and longer than tarsomeres 2, 3 and 4 together; tarsomeres 2±4 indorsal view distinctly dilated apically. Mesotibiawith dorsal side shaped as in ®gure 1k.  Distribution(®gure 3). The species occurs in the dunes of arid south-western Africa only. From our own collecting experience we attribute the lack of distributional records between 19ssS and 23ssS to be more than likely due to poor collecting, thus not indicating a true distributional gap.  Type material examined. LECTOTYPEl(here designated):`Oograbies [ 29.13S 17.08E], L. Namaquald., 30.viii.1950, C. Koch, G. van Son’/` Bolboceras kochi Paulian n.sp.’ [probably handwriting van Son]/` Holotypus[printed] 1952, Bolboceras kochi sp.n.Paulian [handwriting EndroÈdy-Younga, curator TMSA] (TMSA); 22 PARALECTOTYPES: 17x, same data but` Paratypus[printed] 1952, Bolboceras kochi sp.n.Paulian [handwriting EndroÈdy-Younga] ’; 1x, same data but` Bolboceras kochi, n.sp. paratype[probably handwriting van Son] (MNHN); 3x,`Brandkaross [ 28.28S 16.40E], Richtersveld, 9.ix.1950, C. Koch, G. van Son’ /` Paratypus[printed] 1952, Bolboceras kochi sp.n.Paulian [hand-written EndroÈdy-Younga]’ (TMSA); 1x,`Holgat [ 28.56S 16,47E], NW C.P., 28.xi.1948, Koch & van Son’/` Paratypus[printed] 1952, Bolboceras kochi sp.n.Paulian [handwriting EndroÈdy-Younga]’ (TMSA).  Additional material examined( 107 specimens).   Namibia:9x, Kaokoveld, KuneneR., W. Hartmannberg, 17.12S 12.10E,  7.iv.1984, E-Y:2098, at light, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 2x, Kaokoveld, Munitumriv., at park, 18.10S 12.13E,  10.iv.1984, E-Y:2114, sandbl. hill, night, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 1x, Gobabeb,  70 mSE of Walvis Bay[ 23.34S 15.03E] ( TMSA); 1x, Gobabeb,  13.iii.1979, B. Wharton( HAHC); 2x, Gobabeb, Namib Naukluft Park, 23.34S15.03,  14.vi.1989, M. Nel, light trapin Kuiseb River( SMWN); 1x, Namib, Tsondabvlei, 23.59S 15.26E,  12.i.1975, E-Y: 537, singled at night, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 1x, Namib Desert Park, Sossusvlei, 24.42S 15.23E, 4±  5.vii.1979, S. Louw, M.-L. Penrith( SMWN, H39215); 1x, Walvisbaai, Sossusvlei[ 24.42S 15.23E],  24.vi.1959( SMWN, H2758); 2x, MaltahoÈhe, Sesriem137, SE 2415 Dc, 5±  8.iv.1972( SMWN, H7449); 1x, LuÈderitz, Awasib, dunes E., 25.15S 15.43E, 29±  30.i.1974( SMWN, H17183); 16x, LuÈderitz, Gorrasis99, 25.19S 15.56E, 25±  31.i.1974( SMWN, H17023); 1x, MaltahoÈhe Distr., Wolwedans144, SE 25 15 Bb,  xi.1989±  ii.1990, M. Paxton( SMWN); 2x (UPSA), 2x (TMSA),  Guinasibberg, SE25 15 Bc1,  4.vii.1976; 1x, N Guinasibberg, SE25 15 Ba3.  5.vii.1976( UPSA); 1x, Grasplatz, 26.41S 15.17E,  1.viii.1981, E-Y:1816, night, large dunes, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 1x, Gt. Namaquald., betw. Aus± Kubub, SE26 16 Cb,  v.1953, C. Koch( TMSA); 1x, S. Namib, Klinghardt Mt., 27.18S 15.42E,  29.viii.1981, E-Y:1809, night, rocky hill, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 1x, same data but:  21.viii.1989, E-Y: 2658, hummocks, night, EndroÈdy& Klimaszewsky( TMSA); 1x, Diamond Area1, Klinghardt Mts., Sargdeckel, 27.20S 15.45E, 22±  25.x.1977, M.-L. Penrith, S.Louw( SMWN, H34991); 2x, Diamond Area1, Klinghardt Mts., 27.21S 15.42E, 2±  4.x.1982, M.-L. Penrith, J. Irish( SMWN, H54955); 5x, LuÈderitz Distr.,  10 kmNW Rosh Pinah, 27.54S 16.42E,  13.viii.1990, C. Roberts, E. Marais( SMWN); 1x, LuÈderitz, Obib Dunes E, 28.02S 16.37E, 16 ±  20.ix.1973( SMWN, H14394); 1x, Obib Dune,  54 mNE Oranjemund[ ca 28.06S 16.38E],  19.xi.1962, H. D. Brown, W. FuÈrst( TMSA); 1x, LuÈderitz, Rosh Pinah, 28.02S 16.50E,  14.ix.1973, at night ( SMWN, H14394); 1x, Nam., Gt. Namaquald., Daberas Dunes, SE28 16 Bb,  v.1953, C. Koch( TMSA); 4x, S.Afr., SWA, Namib, Obibdunes, SE 28 16 Bb,  17.ix.1973, E-Y: 116, singled, dune, night, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 8x, Hohenfels, 28.30,34S 16.37,02E, 13±  14.xi.1992( UPSA); 2x, Hohenfels, 28.30,5S 16.37E, 1±  7.xi.1994, Scholtz, Chown, Klok( UPSA); 6x, Diamond Area1, Oranjemund, 28.33S 16.27E, 9±  11.ix.1980, S. Louw, M.-L. Penrith( SMWN, H42567); 4x, Oranjemund[ 28.33S 16.27E],  10.ix.1980, Whitehead( SAMC).   South Africa:2x, C.P., Klinghardt,  2.x.1982, Whitehead( SAMC); 1x, Richtersveld, Holgatcamp, 28.56S 16.47E,  6.x.1976, E-Y: 1266, light collection, EndroÈdy-Younga& Breytenbach( TMSA); 2x, Richtersveld, Annisfontein[ 28.25S 16.52E],  9.x.1974, H. D. Brown( SANC); 3x, C.P., Jakkelsputs Dunes,  8.x.1980, Whitehead( SAMC); 1x, C.P., Jakkalsputs, Namaqualand, 28.38S 18.54E, 9±  11.ix.1982, S.Louw( BMSA, No.8472); 1x, Richtersveld, Port Nolloth, 29.14S 16.57E,  4.x.1976, E-Y: 1258, on dunes (night), leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 2x, Oograbies[ 29.13S 17.08E], L. Namaqualand,  30.viii.1950, C. Koch, G. van Son( HAHC); 1, l S. Afr., OrangeR.,  20 kmNE Alexander Bay[ 28.31S 16.37E],  24.viii.1989, W.Wittmer( HAHC); 2x, C.P., Wallekraal,  24 kmW of HondeklipB., 30.23S 17.31E,  1.xii.1976, V. B. Whitehead, on red dunes, to light ( SAMC); 5x, Namaqu. Coast, Gemsbok Vlaktefarm, 30.30S 17.29E,  31.viii.1977, E-Y: 1364, singled, dunes, night, leg. EndroÈdy-Younga( TMSA); 3x, same data but:  28.x.1977, E-Y: 1399, singled on dune ( TMSA); 1x, In Renoster Mts[not traced] ( UPSA).  Comments. Paulian (1952)stated that the type of  Prototrupes kochiis deposited in TMSA and 22 paratypesare deposited in TMSA and MNHN. He referred to three diOEerent type localities. The holo- and paratypelabels currently attached to specimens have been attached by curators in the respective collections as none of them bears Paulian’s handwriting. Most type specimens originate from a single series with identical locality data and it is impossible to determine which specimen Paulian intended to be the holotype. To further complicate matters, 24 specimens( 22 inTMSA, one in SAMC, one in MNHN) are labelled as paratypesinstead of 22 ( Paulian, 1952). We therefore decided to designate a lectotypeand 22 paralectotypeswhile removing two`paratypes’ (one in TMSA, one in SAMC) from the type series. An interesting variation of  Prototrupes kochiwas collected at Gobabeb, Namibia. The pronotum of two specimenshas two transverse carinae medially, as in  Prototrupes copridoides(Kolbe), instead of four separate tubercles. The cephalic ornamentation, shape of eye-canthus, shape of the mesotibia and the apically dilated protarsal segments, however, place the specimens clearly with  Prototrupes kochi. The transverse bituberculate clypeal carina is also unusually developed. It consists of a narrow, extremely long protuberance that is apically feebly bi®d. 1984-04-07 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga Namibia -17.12 Hartmannberg 767 12.1 Kaokoveld 14 1057 1 Kunene 1984-04-10 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga Namibia -18.1 Munitum 766 12.13 Kaokoveld 14 1057 1 TMSA Namibia -23.34 Gobabeb 754 15.03 14 1057 1 1979-03-13 HAHC B. Wharton Namibia Gobabeb 14 1057 1 1989-06-14 SMWN Nel Namibia Gobabeb -23.34 Kuiseb River Namib Naukluft Park 14 1057 1 1975-01-12 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga Namibia -23.59 Tsondab 753 15.26 Namib 14 1057 1 H39215 1979-07-05 SMWN S. Louw & M. - L. Penrith Namibia -24.42 Sossusvlei 750 15.23 Namib Desert Park 14 1057 1 1959-06-24 SMWN Namibia -24.42 Sossusvlei 750 15.23 Walvisbaai 14 1057 H2758 1 [186,1026,1415,1439] 1972-04-08 SMWN Namibia MaltahoEhe Dc Sesriem 14 1057 H7449 1 H17183 [79,1029,1447,1472] 1974-01-30 SMWN Namibia -25.15 Awasib 748 15.43 LuEderitz 14 1057 1 H17023 [79,981,1480,1505] 1974-01-31 SMWN Namibia -25.19 Gorrasis 748 15.56 LuEderitz 14 1057 1 1989-11 1990-02 1989-11 SMWN M. Paxton Namibia MaltahoEhe Distr. Bb Wolwedans 14 1057 1 [508,953,1545,1569] 1976-07-04 Guinasibberg, SE Namibia Bc 14 1057 1 1976-07-05 UPSA N Guinasibberg, SE Namibia Ba 14 1057 1 1981-08-01 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga Namibia -26.41 Grasplatz 745 15.17 14 1057 1 1953-05 TMSA Kubub, SE & C. Koch Namibia Gt. Namaquald. Cb Aus 14 1057 1 1981-08-29 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga Namibia 15 1058 -27.18 Klinghardt Mt. 743 15.42 Namib 14 1057 1 1989-08-21 TMSA EndroEdy & Klimaszewsky Namibia -27.18 Klinghardt Mt. 743 15.42 Namib 15 1058 1 H34991 1977-10-25 SMWN M. - L. Penrith & S. Louw Namibia Diamond Area -27.2 Sargdeckel 743 15.45 Klinghardt Mts. 15 1058 1 H54955 1982-10-04 SMWN M. - L. Penrith & J. Irish Namibia -27.21 Klinghardt Mts. 743 15.42 Diamond Area 15 1058 1 1990-08-13 SMWN C. Roberts & E. Marais Namibia -27.54 LuEderitz Distr. 742 16.42 15 1058 1 H14394 1973-09-20 SMWN Obib Dunes E Namibia -28.02 LuEderitz 740 16.37 15 1058 1 1962-11-19 TMSA H. D. Brown & W. FuErst Namibia -28.06 Obib Dune 740 16.38 15 1058 1 H14394 1973-09-14 SMWN Namibia -28.02 Rosh Pinah 740 16.5 LuEderitz 15 1058 1 1953-05 TMSA Daberas Dunes, SE & C. Koch Namibia Nam. Bb Gt. Namaquald. 15 1058 1 1973-09-17 TMSA S. Afr. & EndroEdy-Younga Namibia Namib Bb Obib 15 1058 1 1992-11-14 UPSA Namibia Hohenfels 15 1058 1 1994-11-07 UPSA Scholtz & Chown & Klok Namibia Hohenfels 16.37 15 1058 1 H42567 1980-09-11 SMWN S. Louw & M. - L. Penrith Namibia -28.33 Oranjemund 740 16.27 Diamond Area 15 1058 1 1980-09-10 SAMC Whitehead Namibia -28.33 Oranjemund 740 16.27 15 1058 1 1982-10-02 SAMC M. CARPANETO & Whitehead South Africa Klinghardt 15 1058 1 1976-10-06 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga & Breytenbach South Africa -28.56 Holgat 738 16.47 Richtersveld 15 1058 1 1974-10-09 SANC H. D. Brown South Africa -28.25 Annisfontein 740 16.52 Richtersveld 15 1058 1 1980-10-08 SAMC M. CARPANETO & Whitehead South Africa Jakkelsputs Dunes 15 1058 1 1982-09-11 BMSA M. CARPANETO & S. Louw & No. South Africa -28.38 Namaqualand 739 18.54 Jakkalsputs 15 1058 1 1976-10-04 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga South Africa -29.14 Port Nolloth 737 16.57 Richtersveld 15 1058 1 1950-08-30 HAHC L. Namaqualand & Koch & G. van Son South Africa -29.13 Oograbies 737 17.08 15 1058 1 1989-08-24 HAHC W. Wittmer South Africa -28.31 Orange 740 16.37 Afr. 15 1058 1 1976-12-01 SAMC M. CARPANETO & V. B. Whitehead South Africa -30.23 Wallekraal 734 17.31 15 1058 1 1977-08-31 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga South Africa -30.3 Gemsbok Vlakte 733 17.29 Namaqu. Coast 15 1058 1 [199,982,1057,1081] 1977-10-28 TMSA EndroEdy-Younga South Africa -30.3 Gemsbok Vlakte 733 17.29 Namaqu. Coast 15 1058 1 UPSA South Africa In Renoster Mts 15 1058 1