Eucharis rapo Walker, 1839: 66
Orasema rapo
Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae)
Burks, Roger A.
Heraty, John M.
Dominguez, Chrysalyn
Mottern, Jason L.
Zootaxa
2018
2018-03-26
4401
1
1
107
74RCK
(Walker)
Walker
Walker
1839
[151,442,1113,1140]
Insecta
Eucharitidae
Orasema
GBIF
Animalia
Hymenoptera
80
81
Arthropoda
species
rapo
Eucharis rapoWalker, 1839: 66. Typematerial: Brazil: Bahia( 1 ♀, BMNH typeno. 5.609), lectotypedesignated by Heraty, 2002. Orasema rapo. Kirby, 1886. Change of combination.
Diagnosis.Mesoscutal midlobe almost entirely reticulate, except for a small areolate-reticulate area posteriorly. Mesoscutellar disc with a coarsely areolate area posteromedially, which lacks reticulate sculpture. Axillula with subparallel longitudinal carinae. Fore femur with brown coloration. Orasema rapois similar to many other species, and is differentiated from many in having longitudinal axillular carinae that do not co-occur with reticulate sculpture ( Fig. 193). It differs from O. evansi, and other similar species, in having an areolate mesoscutellum ( Figs 190–192).
Description. Female.Length 1.7–3.3 mm. Color:Head and mesosoma green to blue, with yellowish to purplish luster. Pedicel pale brown or brown; anellus pale brown or brown; flagellum brown. Coxae brown; fore femur mostly brown, tips pale; mid and hind femora yellow. Fore wing hyaline; venation brown. Petiole dark green; gaster brown with green to purple luster. Head:Head width:head height 1.1–1.2; face reticulate; longitudinal groove between eye and torulus present or absent; eyes bare, inter-ocular distance:eye height 1.4–1.5; malar space:eye height 0.6–0.8; supraclypeal area slightly broader than long, smooth to weakly sculptured; clypeus smooth to weakly sculptured. Flagellum length:head height 1.2–1.6; F2 1.8–3.1× as long as broad, 0.9–1.3× as long as F3; following funiculars progressively shorter. Mesosoma:Mesosoma length:height 1.3–1.4. Mesoscutal midlobe reticulate anteriorly, becoming areolatereticulate posteriorly, with minute setae; lateral lobe reticulate to weakly areolate-reticulate. Axilla areolatereticulate with longitudinal carinae; mesoscutellar disc mostly areolate-reticulate, becoming coarsely areolate posteriorly; frenal line regularly or irregularly foveate; frenum areolate or reticulate; axillular groove anteriorly narrow, broad and foveate posteriorly; axillula with subparallel longitudinal carinae. Propodeum with irregular median carina; propodeal disc areolate-reticulate; callus reticulate, with a few small setae. Mesepisternum reticulate to areolate-reticulate laterally, smooth ventrally, broadly rounded anterior to mid coxa. Upper mesepimeron smooth to weakly sculptured; lower mesepimeron reticulate; transepimeral sulcus distinct. Metepisternum smooth dorsally, reticulate to areolate-reticulate ventrally. Hind coxa 1.6–2.3× as long as broad; hind femur 5.0–6.0× as long as broad. Fore wing 2.3–2.7× as long as broad, 2.4–2.9× as long as mesothorax; stigma with 4 sensilla in a row or separated into pairs. Hind wing costal cell with a broad bare area. FIGURES 187–192. Orasema rapo. ♀: 187.Habitus. 188Head. 189.Antenna, with F2 and F6–F7 inset. 190.Argentina form, Mesosoma, dorsal view. 191.Trinidad form, mesosoma, dorsal view. 192.Ecuador form, mesosoma, dorsal view. FIGURES 193–198. Orasema rapo. ♀: 193.Axillula. 194.Stigma and postmarginal vein. 195.Propodeum. 196.Petiole. ♂: 197.Antenna, with F2 and F6–F7 inset. 198.Petiole, hind coxa. Metasoma:Petiole 1.8–2.5× as long as broad, 0.8–1.0× as long as hind coxa, rugose to areolate-reticulate, anterior carina weak. Antecostal sulcus irregularly sculptured; acrosternite posteriorly angulate. Male.Length 2.2–3.2 mm. Head width:head height 1.1–1.2; scape yellow; flagellum length:head height 1.8, F2 2.4–2.6× as long as broad. Fore femur with brownish area, mid and hind femora, and all tibiae yellow. Petiole 5.8–5.9× as long as broad, petiole length:hind coxa length 1.6–1.9.
Discussion.Our current concept of O. rapois that it is a relatively variable, widely distributed species. Smallbodied forms vary considerably in mesosomal sculpture and flagellomere dimensions, closely approaching O. costaricensis, O. evansi,and O. minutissimaespecially. Populations in the Galapagos Islandsare tentatively assigned to this species pending new data. Populations in Trinidadare morphogically the nearest to the Brazilian lectotype. Bolivian populations are tentatively included here, despite apparent molecular differences, because Sanger results disagree with Anchored Enrichment on whether they belong in O. rapo, and also because it would be very difficult to identify these populations morphologically. Orasema cozamalotlis very similar to O. rapo, but is recognized as distinct because of its more consistent size, coloration, and sculpture.
Distribution. Argentina( Misiones), Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay, Trinidad, Venezuela.
Materialexamined. Lectotype: BRAZIL: Bahia[ ♀, BMNH typeno. 5.609], designated by Heraty, 2002. Additional material examined: ARGENTINA: Misiones: Iguazu Nat. Park, hosteria Hoppe, 140m, 10– 11.iv.1974, C. R. Vardy, malaise trap[ 2 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00309881–82]. Parc Nac. Iguazu Cantera, 200m, 24°40'58"S, 54°27'26"W, 8.xii.1990– 6.i.1991, S. & J. Peck[ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRdb00425827]. RN 12, N of Puerto Bosseti, 221m, 25°48'20"S, 54°32'19"W, 25.iii.2007, J. &J. Heraty& J. Torréns, Aurac.for. [ 2 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00169642, UCRCENT00439112]. Rt17 E of 9 de Julio 212m, 26°24'02"S, 54°27'54"W, 26.iii.2007, J. &J. Heratyand J. Torréns, roadside [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00091514(D2681)]. Rt17, E of 9 de Julio, 212m, 26°24'02"S, 54°27'54"W, 26.iii.2007, J. &J. Heraty& J. Torréns, roadside [ 2 ♀, IFML: UCRCENT00439111; UCRC: UCRCENT00169643]. Rt18, E of 9 de Julio, 485m, 26°23'56"S, 54°14'05"W, 26.iii.2007, J. &J. Heraty& J. Torréns, humid forest [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00161611(D2515)]. Rt19, W of Wanda, 306m, 25°58'18"S, 54°23'54"W, 25.iii.2007, J. & J. Heraty& J. Torréns, roadside [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00439114]. Santiagodel Estero:R.A. Santiago, Dique Rio Hondo, 27°35'01"S, 65°57'09"W, 24.ii.1995, P. Fidalgo[ IFML: UCRCENT00439068–81; MACN: UCRCENT00483471, UCRCENT00483472, UCRCENT00483475–81]. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz: General Saavedra, 270m, 17°15'00"S, 63°10'00"W, 4–30.v.1993, J.C. Monje, under natural vegetation, yellow pan trap[ 1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00320849(D3945)]. BRAZIL: Passe des Indies, i.1937, Fritz Plaumann[ 1 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00313926]. Amazonas: ReservaZF2 off BR174 ~ 50 kmN of Manaus, 2°38'00"S, 60°09'00"W, 30.vii.1997, J. M. Heraty[ 2 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00169595–96]. ReservaZF2 off BR174 ~ 50kmN of Manaus, 2°28'00"S, 60°09'00"W, 29.vii.1997, J. Heraty, screen sweep [ 4 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00091325–26, UCRCENT00092149(D0181), UCRCENT00092245]. Parana: Imbituva, 25°13'33"S, 50°36'02"W, 12.i.1969, C. W. & L.B. O’Brien, Araucaria forest[ 1 ♀, CASC: UCRCENT00417428]. Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia: 300–500m, 27°00'11"S, 52°00'23"W, 2.ii.1938, ii.1938, 20.iv.1938, 29.xii.1938, i– ii.1939, 13.i.1939, 16.i.1939, 26.i.1939, 11.i.1939, 13.i.1939, Fritz Plaumann, B.M. [2 ♀ 18♂, BMNH: UCRCENT00239574, UCRCENT00239586, UCRCENT00239594, UCRCENT00239599, UCRCENT00239606, UCRCENT00309304–06, UCRCENT00309310, UCRCENT00309314, UCRCENT00309316, UCRCENT00309338, UCRCENT00309858, UCRCENT00309983, UCRCENT00309923, UCRCENT00309925, UCRCENT00309947, UCRCENT00309953, UCRCENT00309961; CNC: UCRCENT00247564]. ECUADOR: Galapagos: Isla FernandinaW. side, 1100m, 0°23'26"S, 91°30'34"W, 5.ii.1964, D. Q. Cavagnaro[ 1 ♀, CASC: UCRCENT00240680]. Santa Cruz, E. slope, 160m, 0°41'38"S, 90°20'56"W, 16.iv.1964, D.Q. Cavagnaro [2 ♀, CASC: UCRCENT00240681–82]. Isla Santa Cruz, 610m, 0°24'44"S, 91°28'53"W, 1–28.ii.1989, Peck& Sinclair, Los Gemelos Scalesia Forest, flight intercept trap[ 3 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00252334–36]. Santa Cruz, 4kmN Bellavista, 620m, 0°39'31"S, 90°19'28"W, 14.v–13.vii.1985, S. & J. Peck, Miconiazone [ 2 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00247603, UCRCENT00247608]. Los Gemelos, 600m, 0°37'35"S, 90°23'00"W, 1–30.iii.1989, Peck & Sinclair, pamaps, sweeping [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00400707]. Santa Cruz, 3 km Bellavista, 115m, 0°32'00"S, 90°21'00"W, 1–30.iii.1989, Peck & Sinclair, malaise trap[ 2 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00252345–46]. Santa Cruz, 3 KmS Bellavista, 115m, 0°43'20"S, 90°19'34"W, 1.iii.1989, Peck & Sinclair, transition forest [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00412528]. Santa Cruz, Media Lunato Puntudo, 600–700m, 0°38'01"S, 90°20'19"W, iv.1989, S. Peck, pampas, sweeping [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00400705]. Napo: Misahualli, 500m, 1°01'57"N, 77°40'13"W, 25.v.1987, L. D. Coote, roadside [ 5 ♀, ROME: UCRCENT00252251, UCRCENT00252253, UCRCENT00252255, UCRCENT00252262, UCRCENT00252265]. Puerto Misahualli, 350m, 1°01'54"S, 77°39'60"W, iii.1983, M. Sharkey[ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00237569]. Orellana: Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 kmS. Omkone Gare Camp, Trans. Ent., 216.3m, 0°39'25.7"S, 76°27'10.8"W, 7.x.1995, T. L. Erwin, et al., terre firme forest, fogging [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00091463]. PARAGUAY: Pastorer, 92m, 23°28'24"S, 58°18'08"W, 3–7.i.1972, L.E. Pena [15♂ 2 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00240915–27, UCRCENT00240930–33]. PERU: Monson Valley, Tingo Maria, 9°17'43"S, 75°59'51"W, 29.xi.1954[ 1 ♀, FSCA: UCRCENT00240679]. Huánuco: Tingo Maria, 620m, 9°17'43"S, 75°59'51"W, 5–12.x.1964, C.C. Porter[ 1 ♀, MCZ: UCRCENT00242310]. TRINIDAD: Arima: Simla Research Station, trail down the road to old water tanks, 250m, 10°41'34"N, 61°17'23"W, 21–28.vii.2013, C. Weirauch, malaise trap, TR13 L88 MT6 [ 1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00479291(D4231)]. Mt. St. Benedict Trail, 330m, 10°40'01"N, 61°24'02"W, 19.vii.2013, Heraty&Baker, swp, H13-066 [ 2 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00412126(D3808), UCRC: UCRCENT00412128(D3811)]. St. George: Arena Reserve, 65m, 10°33'41"N, 61°14'01"W, 31.vii.1976, J. S. Noyes, rainforest [ BMNH: UCRCENT00309436]. St. Augustine, 10°38'19"N, 61°23'46"W, 18.vi.1976, J. S. Noyes, wasteground [ BMNH: UCRCENT00300438]. VENEZUELA: Aragua: Parque Nat.H. Pittier, Rancho Grandeenv, 1100m, 10°20'57"N, 67°41'04"W, 10–14.iv.1994, L. Masner[ 1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00425828]. Zulia: Dtto Maracaido Jardin Botanico, 10°35'18"N, 71°42'48"W, ii.1982, E. Rubio& E. Inciarte[ 1 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00248032]. Jardin Botanico de Maracaibo, 10°35'18"N, 71°42'48"W, iv.1982, E. Rubio & E. Borrego, malaise trap[1 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00248034].
1836407406
BMNH
Brazil
Bahia
80
81
1
1
Bahia
lectotype
1836407413
1974-04-10
1974-04-11
1974-04-10
BMNH
Brazil
Material
140
Iguazu Nat. Park
Bahia
83
84
1
1
Bahia
lectotype
1836407421
1990-12-08
BMNH
Brazil
200
-24.682777
Parc Nac. Iguazu Cantera
21
-54.457222
Vardy
83
84
UCRCENT00309881-82
2
2
Bahia
lectotype
1836407428
2007-03-25
UCRC
Brazil
221
-25.805555
Puerto Bosseti
21
-54.538612
Peck
83
84
1
1
Bahia
lectotype
1836407410
2007-03-26
UCRC
Brazil
Heraty
212
-26.400555
Aurac.
20
-54.465
Torrens
83
84
UCRCENT00169642, UCRCENT00439112
2
2
Bahia
lectotype
1836407420
2007-03-26
UCRC
Brazil
Heraty
212
-26.400555
Rt
20
-54.465
Torrens
83
84
UCRCENT00091514
1
1
Bahia
lectotype
1836407435
2007-03-26
IFML, UCRC
Brazil
Heraty
485
-26.39889
Rt
20
-54.234722
Torrens
83
84
UCRCENT00439111, UCRCENT00169643
2
2
Bahia
lectotype
1836407448
2007-03-25
UCRC
Brazil
Heraty
306
-25.971666
Rt
20
-54.398335
Torrens
83
84
UCRCENT00161611
1
1
Bahia
lectotype
1836407388
UCRC
J. Heraty & J. Torrens
Brazil
Santiago del Estero
83
84
UCRCENT00439114
1
1
Santiago del Estero
lectotype
1836407433
1995-02-24
IFML, MACN
P. Fidalgo
Brazil
-27.583612
Rio Hondo
20
-65.9525
83
84
UCRCENT00439068-81, UCRCENT00483471, UCRCENT00483472, UCRCENT00483475-81
1
Santiago
lectotype
1836407389
1993-05-04
1993-05-30
1993-05-04
CNC
J. C. Monje
Bolivia
270
-17.25
General Saavedra
21
-63.166668
83
84
UCRCENT00320849
1
1
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407411
1937-01
BMNH
Fritz Plaumann
Brazil
Passe des Indies
83
84
UCRCENT00313926
1
1
lectotype
1836407464
1997-07-30
Brazil
-2.6333332
Reserva
21
-60.15
83
84
1
Amazonas
lectotype
1836407474
1997-07-29
UCRC
Brazil
Heraty
-2.4666667
Manaus
21
-60.15
Reserva
83
84
UCRCENT00169595-96
2
2
BR
lectotype
1836407424
1969-01-12
UCRC
Brazil
-25.225834
Imbituva
21
-50.600555
Heraty
83
84
UCRCENT00091325-26, UCRCENT00092149, UCRCENT00092245
4
4
Parana
lectotype
1836407429
1938-02-02
CASC
W. & L. B. O'Brien
Brazil
400
-27.003056
Nova Teutonia
20
-52.00639
Araucaria forest
83
84
UCRCENT00417428
1
1
Santa Catarina
lectotype
1836407453
1964-02-05
Ecuador
1100
-0.39055556
Isla Fernandina
21
-91.509445
83
84
1
Galapagos
lectotype
1836407399
1964-04-16
CASC
Ecuador
160
-0.6938889
Cavagnaro
21
-90.34889
83
84
UCRCENT00240680
1
1
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407450
1989-02-01
1989-02-28
1989-02-01
UCRC
Peck & Sinclair
Iceland
610
-0.41222224
Los Gemelos Scalesia Forest
21
-91.48139
83
84
UCRCENT00252334-36
3
3
Isla Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407455
1985-05-14
1985-07-13
1985-05-14
CNC
S. & J. Peck & Miconia
Iceland
620
-0.65861106
Bellavista
21
-90.32444
83
84
UCRCENT00247603, UCRCENT00247608
2
2
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407431
1989-03-01
1989-03-30
1989-03-01
UCRC
Iceland
600
-0.6263889
Los Gemelos
21
-90.38333
83
84
UCRCENT00400707
1
1
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407457
1989-03-01
1989-03-30
1989-03-01
UCRC
Iceland
115
-0.53333336
Bellavista
21
-90.35
83
84
UCRCENT00252345-46
2
2
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407446
1989-03-01
UCRC
Iceland
115
-0.7222222
Bellavista
21
-90.32611
Km
83
84
UCRCENT00412528
1
1
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407400
[417,1362,1591,1616]
1989-04
Iceland
650
-0.6336111
Puntudo
21
-90.338615
Media Luna
83
84
1
Santa Cruz
lectotype
1836407482
1987-05-25
UCRC
Iceland
500
1.0325
Misahualli
21
-77.67027
Peck
83
84
UCRCENT00400705
1
1
Napo
lectotype
1836407436
1983-03
ROME
Iceland
350
-1.0316666
Puerto Misahualli
Coote
83
84
UCRCENT00252251, UCRCENT00252253, UCRCENT00252255, UCRCENT00252262, UCRCENT00252265
5
5
Napo
lectotype
1836407472
1995-10-07
UCRC
Iceland
Sharkey
216
-0.6571389
Omkone Gare Camp
1
-76.452995
Res. Ethnica Waorani
83
84
UCRCENT00237569
1
1
Orellana
lectotype
1836407379
1972-01-03
1972-01-07
1972-01-03
UCRC
Paraguay
92
-23.473333
Pastorer
21
-58.302223
Erwin
83
84
UCRCENT00091463
1
1
PARAGUAY
lectotype
1836407449
1954-11-29
PERU, FSCA
Peru
-9.295279
Tingo Maria
21
-75.9975
Monson Valley
83
84
UCRCENT00240679
1
1
lectotype
1836407394
1964-10-05
1964-10-12
1964-10-05
MCZ
C. C. Porter
Peru
620
-9.295279
Tingo Maria
21
-75.9975
83
84
UCRCENT00242310
1
1
Huanuco
lectotype
1836407465
2013-07-21
2013-07-28
2013-07-21
UCRC
C. Weirauch
Trinidad and Tobago
250
10.692778
Simla Research Station
21
-61.289722
83
84
UCRCENT00479291
1
1
Arima
lectotype
1836407496
2013-07-19
UCRC
Trinidad and Tobago
330
84
85
10.6669445
Mt. St. Benedict Trail
21
-61.40056
83
84
UCRCENT00412126, UCRCENT00412128
2
2
Arima
lectotype
1836407452
1976-07-31
Trinidad and Tobago
65
10.561389
Arena Reserve
21
-61.233612
St. George
84
85
1
Arima
lectotype
1836407438
[169,1410,223,248]
1976-06-18
BMNH
Trinidad and Tobago
10.638611
St. Augustine
21
-61.396114
Noyes
84
85
UCRCENT00309436
1
Arima
lectotype
1836407451
1994-04-10
1994-04-14
1994-04-10
BMNH
Venezuela
Noyes
1100
10.349166
Pittier
21
-67.68445
Parque Nat.
84
85
UCRCENT00300438
1
Aragua
lectotype
1836407427
1982-02
CNC
Venezuela
10.588333
Dtto Maracaido Jardin Botanico
21
-71.71333
Masner
84
85
UCRCENT00425828
1
1
Zulia
lectotype
1836407444
1982-04
USNM
Venezuela
Rubio
10.588333
Jardin Botanico de Maracaibo
21
-71.71333
Inciarte
84
85
UCRCENT00248032
1
1
Zulia
lectotype