Touch me carefully: a step towards understanding morphological diversity in the South American spiny sunflowers (Compositae, Barnadesioideae) Ferreira, Paola De Lima Antonelli, Alexandre Groppo, Milton Phytotaxa 2021 2021-09-03 518 2 109 142 3PPM Jussieu (1789: 178) Jussieu 178 1789 [164,530,1742,1769] Magnoliopsida Asteraceae Chuquiraga Plantae Asterales 11 120 Tracheophyta genus    Type:—  Chuquiraga jussieuiJ.F. Gmel.  Shrubsor dwarf cushion-forming shrubs, up to 2 mtall. Stemserect, much-branched, without lenticels, cylindrical, rarely scales imbricate at base, glabrous, tomentose, strigose, villous, sericeous, unarmed or with axillary spines in pairs or fascicles, straight, convergent or divergent, glabrous, villous or pubescent at base and becoming glabrous towards the apex. Leavesalternate or opposite, sessile or subsessile, persistent or deciduous, blade acicular, linear, or ovate, coriaceous, pale or commonly lustrous, glabrous to densely sericeous on both surfaces, base acute or obtuse, margin flat or involute, glabrous or ciliate, apex mucronate or spiny; venation hyphodromous or actinodromous with 3 basal supra-basal nerves. Capitulescenceterminal, monocephalous. Capitula5–100-flowered, homogamous, discoid, sessile, involucre cylindrical, turbinate or campanulate, 4–14-seriate, phyllaries scarious or commonly coriaceous, green, brownish, yellow to orange, erect or reflexed, glabrous to densely sericeous, triangular-ovate to lanceolate, apex mucronate or spiny, margin flat or reflexed, glabrous or ciliate. Receptacleflat, pilose. Flowersisomorphic, bisexual, tubular (5+0), 5-lobed often unequal and deep incisions between lobes, yellow, orange, villous. Anthers5, apical appendage lanceolate, obtuse or acute, basal appendage rounded or acute, caudate, calcarate or ecalcarate, inserted at the base of the corolla, filaments free, glabrous. Stylecylindrical, yellow to orange. Cypselaeturbinate, densely villous.  Pappusplumose, shorter than or equal to corolla length, bristles whitish. Pollenwithout intercolpar depressions, microechinate (Suessy & Urtubey 2007). Chromosome number= 24–27 ( Diers 1961, Wulff 1990).   Fig. 5; 10b.   Distribution and habitat:—  Chuquiragais the second largest genus of Barnadesioideae, comprising 22 species ( Ezcurra 1985, Harling 1991, Sagástegui & Sánchez 1991, Granda 1997). The species are found in the Andes and Patagonia, from Colombiato Argentina, in the Páramos (alpine meadows), in the Puna (Highlands and steppe), and open woodlands. Some species can be found at 4,200 m. a.s.l, but there are also records in lowland Puna near sea level.  Notes:—Species of  Chuquiragacontain several medicinal properties commonly used into the phytopharmaceutical industry and commercialized by European countries. In addition,  Chuquiragais largely commercialized in some medicinal marketplaces in Peruand Ecuadorand it is indicated for the treatment of several conditions (Ccana- Ccapatinta et al.2018). The species of  Chuquiragaare classified into two sections (following Ezcurra 1985):  Chuquiragasect. Acanthophylla, comprising nine species distributed from northwest Boliviato Chileand Argentina( Fig. 5a, b) and characterized by leaves with the margin involute, naviculate or cymbiform ( Fig. 5b), abaxial surface without the prominent midvein, and absence of axillary spines; and  Chuquiragasect. Chuquiraga ,the most species-rich in the genus, comprising 13 species distributed from Colombiato Argentina( Fig. 5 c–e) and characterized by flat leaves, the abaxial surface with prominent midvein and by the presence of axillary spines, rarely reduced or absent. Within the  Chuquiragasection Chuquiraga, two series are recognized:  Chuquiragaand  Parviflorae, distinguished by the length of capitula (> 3cm vs. 0–3cm), corolla (> 17mm vs.< 16mm) and anthers ( 15–20mm vs. 8–12mm), and by the geographical distribution (from Colombiato northwest Argentina vs.western Boliviato Argentinean Patagonia). The great morphological variation in habit, leaf shape, venation, trichomes, spines, involucre shape, size, bract colors, and others, makes  Chuquiragathe most taxonomically complex group of Barnadesioideae. After analyzing hundreds of specimens and other material from this genus, we decided to follow the corolla classification sensu Ezcurra (1985), and do not use the classification sensuSuessy & Urtubey (2006). Although the study by Stuessy & Urtubey (2006)represents a significant step towards understanding corolla evolution in Barnadesioideae, in  Chuquiragait is difficult to apply a corolla classification, since this genus has different lengths of corolla incisions splitting the lobes. Therefore, we prefer to classify the corolla as tubular with different incision lengths (see Sagástegui & Sánchez 1991, Figure 1.I; for the corolla line drawing). The most comprehensive phylogeny at species-level for  Chuquiragawas performed based on molecular data by Padin et al.(2015b). The results were incongruent regarding the monophyly of the genus in relation to the position of  Doniophytonor  Duseniella. Within the genus, the sections were found to be monophyletic, but the results do not corroborate the series of  Chuquiragasect. Chuquiraga, a finding that was also corroborated by phylogenomic studies (Ferreira et al.in prep.). Further taxonomical and morphological studies are therefore needed in order to propose a new classification and species circumscription.  Iconography:— Ezcurra (1985), Harling (1991), Sagástegui & Sánchez (1991), Ferreyra (1995), Granda (1997).  Accepted species:—  Chuquiragasection AcantophyllaC. Ezcurra: 4.1  Chuquiraga acanthophyllaWedd.; 4.2  Chuquiraga atacamensisKuntze; 4.3  Chuquiraga aureaSkottsb.; 4.4  Chuquiraga echegarayiHieron.; 4.5.1  Chuquiraga erinaceasubsp. erinaceaD. Don; 4.5.2  Chuquiraga erinaceasubsp. hystrix(D.Don) C.Ezcurra; 4.6  Chuquiraga kuscheliiAcevedo; 4.7  Chuquiraga rosulataGaspar; 4.8  Chuquiraga ruscifoliaD.Don; 4.9.1  Chuquiraga ulicinasubsp. acicularis(D.Don) C.Ezcurra.; 4.9.2  Chuquiraga ulicinasubsp. ulicinaHook.  Chuquiragasection Chuquiragaseries Chuquiraga: 4.10  Chuquiraga arcuataHarling; 4.11  Chuquiraga calchaquinaCabrera; 4.12  Chuquiraga jussieuiJ.F.Gmel.; 4.13  Chuquiraga longiflora(Griseb.) Hieron; 4.14  Chuquiraga oblongifoliaSagást. & Sánchez Veja; 4.15  Chuquiraga raimondianaA.Granda; 4.16.1  Chuquiraga spinosasubsp. australisC.Ezcurra; 4.16.2  Chuquiraga spinosasubsp. huamanpintaC.Ezcurra; 4.16.3  Chuquiraga spinosasubsp. rotundifolia(Wedd.) C.Ezcurra; 4.16.4  Chuquiraga spinosasubsp. spinosaD.Don; 4.17  Chuquiraga weberbaueriTovar.  Chuquiragasect. Chuquiragaseries ParvifloraeC.Ezcurra: 4.18  Chuquiraga avellanedaeLorentz; 4.19  Chuquiraga morenonis(Kuntze) C.Ezcurra; 4.20  Chuquiraga oppositifoliaD.Don; 4.21  Chuquiraga parviflora(Griseb.) Hieron; 4.22  Chuquiraga stramineaSandwith.  Selected specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Catamarca:Andalgalá, Las Niñas, 05 March 1916, P. Jörgensen 1671( US; 4.5.1). Andalgalá, Rio Potrero sup., Cuenca Pelada, 2750 m, 27 February 1951, H. Sleumer 1959(B; 4.13). Chubut: 25 kms N of Comodoro Rivadavia on rte 3 (ca. 5 kms S of Estancia Begonia), 220 m, 16 February 1993, T.F. Stuessy 12928(MO; 4.3). Florentino Ameghino, Ruta 3, Sarmiento, A.L. Cabrera 33267(SI; 3.5.2). Río Senguerr, Rio Mayo, 17 December 1981, A.L. Cabrera 33187(SI; 4.19). Sarmiento, Ruta 26, 50 km al E de Sarmiento, 17 December 1981, A.L. Cabrera 33245(SI; 4.19). Sierra de San Bernardo, 15 December 1981, A.L. Cabrera 33225(SI; 4.3). 25 kms N of Comodoro Rivadavia on rte 3, ocean can be seen in the distance, 200 m, 16 February 1993, T.F. Stuessy 12929(WU; 4.18). 96 kms E of Sarmiento on rte 26 to Comodoro Rivadavia (ca. 56 kms W of Comodoro Rivadavia), 600 m, 17 February 1993, T.F. Stuessy 12940(WU; 4.19). Jujuy: Abra de Pipes, 11 November 1973, A.L. Cabrera 24037(SI; 4.16.1). Rinconada, desde la Cienaga a Lipan, 2800 m, 23°41’8.74’’S, 65°33’058’’W, 08 January 2001, P.M. Simon 512(MO; 4.5.1). Santa Catalina, Rutaprovincial 5, 20 km de la Quiaca caminho a Santa Catalina, Cuesta de Toquero, 3660 m, 22°07’S, 65°45’W, 16 February 1998, O. Morrone 2671(MO; 4.1). Tumbaya, along rte 40 to El Moreno ca. 7 kmS of its intersection with rte 16, 3310 m, 23°42’01’’S, 65°50’22’’W, 15 March 1994, C.M. Taylor 11189(MO; 4.2). Tumbaya, Ruta Nac. 9.4 kmde Volcán caminho a S.S. de Jujuy, cantera sobre el Rio Grande, 2040 m, 23°56’S, 65°27’W, 10 December 1998, O. Morrone 3173(MO; 4.21). Valle Grande, entre três morros y Cerro Hermoso, Serranía Callileagua, 2700 m, 23°37’15.02’’S, 64°54’35.78’’W, 18 April 2016, C.M. Martín 736(SPFR; 4.13). Yavi, La Quiaca, 2kmantes de llegar al aeropuerto, 3400 m, 28 January 1999, A. Chapin 25951(MO; 4.1). Yavi, cerca de La Quiaca, 20 January 1942, A.L. Cabrera 7780(K; 4.1). La Pampa: Monte em Laguna Amarga, 17 February 1948, A. Burkart 15951(SI; 4.5.1). Zwischen Santa Isabel und 25 de Llago, 19 November 1965, H. Walter 456(B; 4.7). La Rioja: Chilecito, caminho a mina el Oro (cerca de Chilecito), 2000 m, 29°05’7.81’’S, 67°41’8.76’’W, 23 January 2001, P.M. Simon 720(MO; 4.21). General Lamadrid, Ruta providencial 76 de Punta de Agua a Laguna Brava, 3300 m, 28°30’23’’S, 68°47’51’’W, 24 January 2012, F.O. Zuloaga 13753(MO; 4.5.2). Río Amarillo, sierra de Famatina, 3900 m, 15 January 1947, J.H. Hunziker 1959(MO; 4.8). Mendoza: Along route #143, ca 150 kms generally NW of San Rafael, 2700 ft.(c. 822m), 15 January 1985, R.M. King 9436(MO; 4.5.1). Caracoles de Villavicencio, cerca del empalme a la Quebrada del Toro, 2700 m, 11 May 1980, O. Bottino 85(WU; 4.8). High desert near Uspallata, route to Mina Monya(talc) 18 kmE of Uspallata, 2800 m, 32°37’S, 69°32’W, 12 January 1996, R.R. Brooks MS32(MO; 4.5.2). Marlargüe, Valle de Río Salado, a 13 kmde Los Molles hacia las Leñas, puente sobre el Arooyo el Deshecho, 2000 m, 12 January 1988, B. Leunberger 3813(B; 4.20). San Rafael, cerca de Cerro Bola, 17 January 1982, A.L. Cabrera 33319(SI; 4.7). Ruta 40 a 24 kmS de Calmuco, 01 February 1963, O. Boelcke 10421(SI; 4.18). Neuquén: Añelo, Ruta Prov. 17, 6 km al E de Añelo em la meseta, 11 November 1981, J.J. Valla 27(MO; 4.7). Chos Malal: 27 kmde Chos Malal, por ruta prov. 43, em dirección a Andacollo, em Cañadón, 1200 m, 37°15’37’’S, 70°29’32’’W, 27 February 1994, H. Fortunato 4322( US; 4.20). Pehuenches, Laguna Auquinco, January 1984, A. Wulff 359(SI; 4.18). Along the gravel road to route #40, ca 68 kms from route #40, 4700 ft.(c. 1432m), 12 January 1985, R.M. King 9404( US; 4.20). Along route #40. Ca. 26 kms from route #237, 1800 ft.(c. 548m), 09 January 1985, R.M. King 9378(MO; 4.22). Río Negro: Adolfo Alsina, road to San Antonio 100kmwest of Viedma, growing along roadside in clay sand, 30 m, 19 December 1938, W.J. Eyerdam 23496(MO; 4.18). 25 de Mayo, 9 kmal W de Ing. Jacobacci en dirección a Bariloche, 800 m, 41°19’59’’S, 69°40’09’’W, 04 March 1994, H. Fortunato 4373( US; 4.22). General Roca, 250–360 m, Sep 1914– February 1915, W. Fischer 11(MO; 4.7). Manuel Choique, Winderosionsfäche in Talgrund am westlichen Ortsausgang, 800 m, 41°45’S, 70°10’W, 13 November 1984, Hager 1008(B; 4.3). Along the route # 22mca 36 kms W of Rio Colorado, 200 ft.(c. 60.9m), 05 February 1985, R. M. King 9336(MO; 4.5.1). Salta: Chicoana, Quebrada de Escoipe, entre Escoipe y San Fernnando, 1900–2000 m, 15 December 1987, L. Novara 9200(B; 4.21). San Antonio de Los Cobres, 21 October 1948, H. Humbert 21072(P; 4.2). San Antonio de Los Cobres, 3800 m, 13 December 1946, A. Krapovickas 3131(MO; 4.2). Chicoana x Cachi, Valle Encantado, 3000–3400 m, 24 June 1980, I. Novara 1109(B; 4.11). Valle Encantado (Mirador), 3273 m, 25°10’55.3’’S, 65°51’11.9’’W, 29 February 2016, C.M. Martín 608(SPFR; 4.13). San Juan: Calingasta, Reserva El Leoncito, subiendo el Cordón del Naranjo por la Quebrada de Las Minas, 17 kmal este de la Ruta Prov N. 412, paraje llamado Pampa de Los Pozos, 3325 m, 20 March 1999, F. Biurrun 5749(SI; 4.4). Calingasta, de confluência a Alojo Las minitas, 2500–3000 m, 17 February 1988, R. Kiesling 6857(SI; 4.4). Calingasta, Reserva El Leoncito, Rancho del Cura, 2802 m, 31°46’S, 69°13’W, 15 March 2005, R. Kiesling 10206(SI; 4.4). Calingasta, limite com Mendoza, Yalguaraz, 21 January 1987, R. Kiesling 6514(SI; 4.5.2). Calingasta, Qda. De Santa Clara, 1700 m, 32°06’49’’S, 68°57’44’’W, 17 February 2000, T.S. Tombesi 79(SI; 4.7). Iglesia, Quebrada del Agua Negra, 3000 m, 23 February 1979, A.L. Cabrera 30131(SI; 4.8). Zonda, camino a estancia maradona, 1300 m, 27 January 1981, R. Kiesling 3310(SI; 4.5.1). Zonda, Cno. a Estancia Maradona, 2100 m, 12 November 1982, R. Kiesling 4079(SI; 4.7). Santa Cruz: Deseado, SW Cañadon Seco, 350 m, 03 January 1991, B. Leuenberger 4095(B; 4.3). Deseado, em la estepa, 25 November 1979, R. Méndez 9868(SI; 4.19). Corpen Aike, Laguna Grande a Gob Gregores, 8 km, 49°34’S, 70°14’W, 24 January 1967, O. Boelke 12770(SI; 4.3). Tucumán: Tafí, Tafí del Valle, Cerro Pelado, 2250 m, 24 January 1950, H. Sleumer 132(B; 4.11). Tafí, subida al Infiernillo, 07 November 1978, A.L. Cabrera 29699(SI; 4.11). Tafí, quebrada del Río blanco, cerca del Valle Tafí, 2600 m, 26 January 1950, H.Sleumer 105(B; 4.13).Tafí, 3000 m, 24April 1926, S. Venturi 4180( US; 4.21). BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Cinti, 4000 m, January 1846, A. Weddel 3974(P; 4.1). Oropeza, between Tipoyo y Cerro Obispo on Sucre—Quila Quila road, 2900 m, 24 January 1999, J.R.I. Wood 14397(SPF; 4.21). Cochabamba: Carrasco, El Churo-Sunchal, ca. de 10 km. Hacia Pojo, lado del caminho carretero Comparapa-Cochabamba, 2780 m, 17°47’50.5’’S, 64°47’24.3’’W, I.G. Vargas 7051(B; 4.21). La Paz: Murillo 9.5 kmal oeste de Ventilla por el caminho entre Palca y Calacoto ( La Paz), 4200 m, 16°32’S, 67°58’W, 15 March 1987, J.C. Solomon 16358(MO; 4.12). La Paz, 10.000 ft.(c. 3048m), 1889, A.M.B. Lectae 138(K; 4.21). Potosí: Above Quechisla (Palcahuasí), 3600 m, November 1946, M. Cárdenas 3725( US; 4.2). Daniel Campos, Llica, 45 km. Hacia el salar de Uyuni, 19°52’57’’S, 68°13’15’’W, 22 September 2006, S.G. Beck 32409( US; 4.2). Miraflores, 3250 m, 19°27’4’’S, 65°15’W, 04 December 1986, S. Riera 668(B; 4.21). Sud Chicas, Mina Usca-Iscaabove the village of La Torre, north of Tupiza, 3875–3880 m, 02 December 1967, B. Vuilleumier(SI; 4.16.1). Santa Cruz: Vallegrande, entre Las Lajas y Abra Grande, 2741 m, 18°16’57’’S, 64°17’59’’W, 05 December 2011, G.A. Parada 4084(MO; 4.21). Tarija: Cercado, ladera sur, 2260 m, 15 February 2006, F. Zenterro 3739( US; 4.21). Tarija, de Tarija a Iscayachi, 2000–3000 m, 20 March 1982, R. Kiesling 3847( US; 4.13). CHILE. Antofagasta: Ascotan, 3900 m, 08 March 1992, O. Kuntze s.n.( US; 4.2). Guatin, San Pedro de Atacama, Provincia Loa, 3500 m, 22°43’9.20’’S, 68°00’7.95’’W, 05 February 2001, M. Ackermann 50(B; 4.2). El Loa, NE of Calama, along the road from near Chiu Chiu to Caspana, ca. 46 kmfrom its turnoff from the Calama-Chiu Chiu road, 3500 m, 22°20’36’’S, 68°15’30’’W, 10 April 1994, C.M. Taylor 11548(MO; 4.2). Coquimbo: Elqui, Río Turbío, road from Rivadavia to Laguna Dam, ca 75 km, 2000 m, 05 November 1938, C.R. Worth 16404(SI; 4.9.2). Illapel, Loma Negra in the Andes between La Veja Escondida and Cuncumen, 2300 m, 27 February 1939, J.L. Morrison 17438(MO; 4.9.1). Rivadavia, 800 m, November 1923, E. Werdermann 102(MO; 4.9.1). Maule: Talca, Upper valley of Rio Maule, 1500 m, 35°55’S, 70°43’W, 26 January 1990, M.F. Gardner 4579(E; 4.20). Metropolitana: La Parva, just 0.3 kmup from village towards ski slopes, 2800 m, 16 January 1993, T.F. Stuessy 12727(WU; 4.20). 3.7 kmW of Farellones, on rd back to Santiago, 2000 m, 16 January 1993, T.F. Stuessy 12726(WU; 4.20). O’Higgins: Copada, 1750–2000 m, F.W. Pennel 12271( US; 4.20). Tarapacá: Arica, 90 kmE of the Panamericana on Ruta 11 towards Putre, just before the frontier to Prov. Parinacota, 2950–3000 m, 18°24.27’S, 69°39.22’W, 17 September 1997, U. Eggli 2813(B; 4.6). Arica, antes de Zapahuira, 3000 m, 22 February 1978, H. Escobar A. X232(SI; 4.6). Parinacota, Putre, Cordillera de Los Andes, Ch11—road to Putre at kilometer 102, 3300 m, 18°19’49’’S, 69°34’41’’W, 15 December 1999, M.F. Gardner 6261(E; 4.16.3). COLOMBIA. Nariño: Cumbal, Arriba de Cumbal, alto de Machines, 3200 m, 02 September 1962, L.E. Mora 2346(COL; 4.12). Quíndio: Génova, vereda Pedregales, prédio Valle Lindo, 3500 m, March 2004, E. Méndez 3042(COL; 4.12). Tolima: Cajamarca, Valle del rio Anaime, Páramo de los Valles, 3550–3800 m, 11 February 1991, J.I. Barrera 07(COL; 4.12). Valle del Cauca: Cordillera Central, Cerro de Pan de Azúcar, páramo, 3700 m, 26 February 1969, J. Cuatrecasas 27561(COL; 4.12). ECUADOR. Azuay: Road Cuenca– Lojaroad, km 31 from Cuenca outskirts, 3150 m, 03°08’S, 79°02’W, 30 November 1996, G.P. Lewis 2869( US; 4.12). Bolívar: Cordillera Occidental, high country at headwaters of Río Gradas, 15 kms. of Chimborazo Volcano, 4000 m, 01°35’S, 78°51’W, 10 January 1945, F.R. Fosberg 22484( US; 4.12). Cañar: between Biblián and Cañar, 3250 m, 21 September 1955, E. Asplund 17679(S; 410). Vicinity of Cañar, near paramo, 15 September 1918, J.N. Rose 1918( US; 4.12). Carchi: Mira Cantón, 30 kmal oeste de San Isidro, 3000 m, 00°35’S, 78°05’W, 22 July 1990, E. Gudiño 420(MO; 4.12). Chimborazo: ca 7 kms up road toward Chimborazo (Mt.) from main road N of Riobamba (ca. 20 kms NW of Riobamba), 3700 m, T.F. Stuessy 12432(WU; 4.12). Cotopaxi: 25 kmW of Pujilí on road to Quevedo, 3850 m, 20 August 1991, T.F. Stuessy 12411(WU; 4.12). Imbabura: side of Cayambo mountain, 13.500 ft.(c. 4,115m), 12 June 1961, P.C.D. Cazalet 5700(B; 4.12). Loja: Road to Jimbura to Zumba, páramo de Cordillera de Las Lagunitas km 19, 3380 m, 04°43’34”S, 79°26’00”W, 06 November 2000, P.M. JØrgensen 2251(WU; 4.12). Napo: Rd from Quito to Baeza, just at the pass., 3000 m, 22 February 1992, V. Funk 11026( US; 4.12). Pichincha: Cerro Pichincha, up from Quito, on road to microondas towers above city, 3700 m, T.F. Stuessy 12417(WU; 4.12). Tungurahua: Near Calamaca, app. 20 kmW of Ambato along old road Amabato-Guaranda, 3400–3900 m, 01°16’S, 78°48’W, 22 June 1985, S. Laegaard 54562(MO; 4.12). PERU. Amazonas: along road Jumbilla—Molinopampa until ca 1 ½ hours by car from Jumbilla, 2500–3000 m, 06°04’44’’ S, 77°39’47’’W, 07 November 2012,  H. vander Werff 25304(MO; 4.17). Ancash: collected near road Km. 25 towards Carpa, 4260 m, 24 August 1977, K.A. de Mayolo 332( US; 4.16.2). Arequipa: Arequipa, South slopes of NevadoChachani, on the road to Sumbay, ca 10 kmnorth of Arequipa, 3500 m, 30 November 1964, P.C. Hutchison 7234(K; 4.16.3). Ayacucho: amostra comercial comprada no mercado “Central de Huamanga”, January 2015, G. Ccapatinta 24(SPFR; 4.16.2). Huanta, north of Huanta, near Huaillay, 4900– 4000 m, 13–14 March 1926, A. Weberbauer 7593( US; 4.16.4). Cajamarca: Celendín, Jalca de Jumulca (Ruta a Celendín), 3800 m, 19 August 1984, A. Sagástegui A. 12268(MO; 4.17). San Miguel, sobre el desvio a Tongod, em el lugar llamado Toropampa, Antes de Quilcata, 3300 m, 13 September 1991, I. Sánchez Veja 5761(MO; 4.14). San Miguel, sobre el desvio a Tongod, a 10 kmde la Carretera Cajamarca–Hualgayoc, 3300 m, 06 November 1991, I. Sánchez Vega 6076(MO; 4.14). San Miguel, 76 kms NNW of Cajamarca on road toward Hualgayoc, detour to Tongod, 3320 m, 15 July 1992, T.F. Stuessy 12625(WU; 4.14). Cuzco: Combepala, 26 January 1969, Soukup 6342/6132( US; 4.16.2). Junín: entre Carhuamayo y Junín, 4100–4200 m, 09 January 1949, R. Ferreyra 5237(K; 4.16.2). Tarma, Tarma, Carretera La Oroya, 28 January 2015, G. Ccapatinta 51(SPFR; 4.16.2). Huancayo, amostra comercial comprada no mercado “Modelo”, January 2015, G. Ccapatinta 22(SPFR; 4.16.3). Huancayo, road from Huancayo to Huancavelica, 3543 m, 12°23’38’’ S, 74°54’15’’W, 16 September 2001, M. Weigend 5807(B; 4.16.4).  Huacanvelica: Ccaullapa, a 5 km. O. de Comaica,  4100–4150 m,  18 March 1951,  O. Tovar230( US; 4.16.2). Huacanvelica, Amostracomercial comparada no mercado de “Abastos”,  January 2015,  G. Ccapatinta32( SPFR; 4.16.4). Tayacaja, quebrada, 3 kmnorth of Salcabamba Village,  3500 m,  09 January 1939,  H.E. Stork10329(K; 4.17). Huánuco: Ambo, Tomayquichua, camino de Estanco, aos arredores de lagoa,  27 January 2016,  G. Ccapatinta48( SPFR; 4.15). Huanuco, amostra comercial comprada no mercado “Modelo”,  January 2015,  G. Ccapatinta17( SPFR; 4.16.2). Quina,  October 1927,  M. SawadaP84( US; 4.16.4). Huaraz: Recuay, Cátac, a caminho de Pastoruri,  4206 m, 09°53’02.3’’ S, 77°17’36.1’’W,  25 January 2015,  G. Ccapatinta46( SPFR; 4.16.2). La Libertad: Sanchez Carrión, señal Huaylliyas, NW-facing,  4200 m, 07°53’S, 78°02’W,  21 August 1982,  D.N. Smith2269( MO; 4.17). Uuncha, fila de Andosa,  3802 m, 07°06’52’’ S, 77°49’30’’W,  12 November 2013,  C.V. Ocaña45( MO; 4.17). Lima: Lima, amostra comercial comprada no mercado “La Parada”,  January 2015,  G. Ccapatinta15( SPFR; 4.16.2). Pasco: Cerro de Pasco, amostra comercial comprada no mercado “Central”,  G. Ccapatinta26( SPFR; 4.16.2). Piura: Huacabamba, trilha para as lagoas de Las Huaringas,  January 2015,  G. Ccapatinta10( SPFR; 4.12). Puno: Azángaro, Watasani,  4100 m,  04 April 1959,  C. Vargas812539( US; 4.12). 1927-10 2016-01-27 1927-10 SPFR, MO O. de Comaica & O. Tovar & G. Ccapatinta & H. E. Stork & M. Sawada & D. N. Smith & C. V. Ocana & C. Vargas United States of America Cerro de Pasco 4125 -7.1144443 Huacanvelica 21 -77.825 Catac 16 125 1