Achenomorphus yakushimanus ITO, 1992: 61 Panscopaeus yakushimanus : HERMAN (2003) A revision of Panscopaeus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) Assing, Volker Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 2011 2011-11-10 61 2 389 411 4CGPB (ITO, 1992) ITO 1992 [265,706,1314,1338] Insecta Staphylinidae Panscopaeus Animalia Coleoptera 8 397 Arthropoda species yakushimanus      Achenomorphus yakushimanus ITO, 1992: 61ff.   Panscopaeus yakushimanus: HERMAN (2003).   Comment: The original description is based on a male holotypeand five paratypesfrom "Miyanoura, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref." ( ITO 1992). A request of a loan of type material addressed to the author of the species remained unanswered. However, the above material is in good agreement with details specified in the original description and with the illustrations provided by ITO (1992).  Additional material examined:     China: Zhejiang: 9 exs., Moganshan,  26.IV.1993, leg. Rougemont(cRou);  9 exs., Tienmushan,  29.IV.1993, leg. Rougemont(cRou, cAss);  4 exs., same data, but  2.IX.1994(cRou);  1 ex., Hangzhou,  22.IV.1993, leg. Rougemont(cAss);  4 exs., Tianmu Shan, pass  25 kmNNW Linan, 30°26'N, 119°36'E,  620-820 m, creek valley with bamboo and mixed forest, litter sifted,  16.VI.2007, leg. Schülke(cSch, cAss);  10 exs., Hangzhou Pref., Tianmu Shan, S pass  41 kmWNW Linan, 30°22'N; 119°19'E,  350 m, plant refuse near creek,  17.VI.2007, leg. Schülke(cSch);  6 exs., Hangzhou Pref., Tianmu Shan,  40 kmWNW Linan, 30°21'N; 119°19'E,  300 m, reservoir, plant refuse,  17.VI.2007, leg. Schülke& Pütz(cSch, cPüt);  2 exs., Tianmu Shan, pass  81 kmW Linan, 30°18'N, 118°53'E,  625 m, plant refuse and litter sifted,  19.VI.2007, leg. Schülke& Pütz(cPüt, cAss).   Sichuan: 16 exs., Qingcheng Shan, NW Chengdu, 30°54'N; 103°32'E,  650- 700 m,  3.-4.VI.1997, leg. Schülke& Wrase(cRou, cSch, cAss);  2 exs., same data, but  18.V.1997, leg. Wrase(cSch);  10 exs., Quingcheng Shan,  65 kmNW Chengdu, 8 kmW Taiping, 30°53'N, 103°33'E,  800-1000 m, 18.V./  3.-4.VI.1997, leg. Pütz(cPüt, cAss);  2 exs., Qingcheng Shan,  56 kmNW Chengdu, 30°54'N, 103°33'E,  975 m,  18.VI.1999, leg. Schülke& Wrase(cSch).   Fujian: 1 ♂, Xinqiao, 27.05°N, 117.1°E,  10.V.2005, leg. Turna( NHMW).    Taiwan: 8 exs., Hsinchu County, Hsinkuangenv., Road No.60, km 44, Jienshih township,  1600 m, litter sifted,  25.III.2008, leg. Vít( MHNG, cAss);  2 exs., Hsinchu County, Wufeng, Road122, km 19,  1200 m, mountain forest litter,  26.III.2008, leg. Vít(cAss);  2 exs., Hsinchu County, S-Hengshan, Hengshan township, road  35, 600 m, roadside, forest litter sifted,  27.III.2008, leg. Vít( MHNG);  2 exs., Chiayi County, Alishan, road 129,  4.5 kmS Lungmei,  2000 m,  Cryptomeriastump,  12.IV.2009, leg. Vít(cAss).   Redescription: Body length 4.0- 4.6 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 22. Coloration: head brown to dark-brown; pronotum reddish to dark-brown, usually only slightly paler than head; elytra reddish to reddish-brown; abdomen reddish-brown to dark-brown, with the posterior margins (and often also the lateral and anterior margins) reddish; legs and antennae reddish. Head approximately 1.15 times as wide as long (Fig. 23); posterior margin distinctly concave; postocular region usually weakly convex in dorsal view; posterior angles marked; neck slender, approximately 0.15 times the width of head in dorsal view; punctation of dorsal surface very fine and dense, barely noticeable in the pronounced microreticulation; dorsal surface almost matt. Eyes large and bulging, approximately as long as postocular region in dorsal view, occasionally slightly longer or slightly shorter. Antennae as in Fig. 24. Pronotum approximately as wide as long and 0.90-0.95 times as wide as head, widest at anterior angles, anteriorly obliquely tapering towards neck (Fig. 23); punctation and microreticulation similar to those of head; midline sometimes weakly and narrowly elevated and/or somewhat more shiny in the middle. Elytra approximately as long as, or slightly shorter than pronotum, and approximately 1.15 times as broad as pronotum (Fig. 23); punctation fine and dense; microsculpture shallow, much less pronounced than that of head and pronotum. Hind wings present. Metatarsomere I almost 1.5 times as long as II. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra; punctation very fine and dense; interstices with shallow microsculpture visible only at higher magnification; posterior margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe.  ♂: sternite VII unmodified; sternite VIII with moderately deep excision posteriorly (Fig. 25); aedeagus usually 0.54-0.56 mmlong, with apically distinctly bifid ventral process (Figs 26-27, 29).   Map 1:Distribution of  Panscopaeusspeciesin Taiwan: filled circles:  P. yakushimanus;open circle:  P. formosanus.  Comparative notes: This species is distinguished from the similar  P. lithocharoidesby the paler coloration (  P. lithocharoides: head and abdomen usually blackish-brown to blackish; pronotum and elytra brown to dark-brown), on average shorter elytra, the much deeper posterior excision of the male sternite VIII (  P. lithocharoides: posterior margin of sternite VII only weakly concave), as well as by the broader, shorter (ventral view), and apically less strongly curved (lateral view) ventral process of the aedeagus.   Distribution and natural history: Previously,  P. yakushimanuswas known only from Yakushima, Ryuku Islands, southern Japan. The known distribution now also includes western Chinaand Taiwan( Map 1), where the specimens were sifted from leaf litter, plant refuse, and dead wood at a wide range of altitudes ( 300-2000 m). The aedeagus of one of the males from Hsinchu county, Taiwan, is teratologically malformed and much smaller ( 0.35 mmlong) than usual (Fig. 28), a phenomenon which has repeatedly been observed also in other paederine genera such as  MedonSTEPHENS, 1833and  SuniusSTEPHENS, 1829(( ASSING 2006). The aedeagus of another male from Hsinchu countyis slightly smaller ( 0.50 mm). [107,787,211,233] 1993-04-26 Rougemont China Moganshan 9 398 9 Zhejiang 1993-04-29 Rougemont China Tienmushan 9 398 9 Zhejiang [391,768,240,262] 1994-09-02 Rougemont China Tienmushan 9 398 4 Zhejiang 1993-04-22 Rougemont China Hangzhou 9 398 1 Zhejiang 2007-06-16 Schulke China 720 30.433332 Tianmu Shan 1222 119.6 9 398 4 Zhejiang 2007-06-17 Schulke China 350 30.366667 Tianmu Shan 1222 119.316666 Hangzhou Pref. 9 398 10 Zhejiang 2007-06-17 Schulke & Putz China 300 30.35 Tianmu Shan 1222 119.316666 Hangzhou Pref. 9 398 6 Zhejiang 2007-06-19 Schulke & Putz China 625 30.3 Tianmu Shan 1222 118.88333 9 398 2 Zhejiang 1997-06-03 1997-06-04 1997-06-03 Schulke & Wrase China 675 30.9 Chengdu 1219 103.53333 Qingcheng Shan 9 398 16 Sichuan 1997-05-18 1997-06-04 1997-06-03 Wrase China 675 30.9 Chengdu 1219 103.53333 Qingcheng Shan 9 398 2 Sichuan 1997-06-03 1997-06-04 1997-06-03 Putz China 900 30.883333 Taiping 1219 103.55 Quingcheng Shan 9 398 10 Sichuan 1999-06-18 Schulke & Wrase China 975 30.9 Qingcheng Shan 1219 103.55 9 398 2 Sichuan 2005-05-10 NHMW Turna China 27.05 Xinqiao 4978 117.1 9 398 1 1 Fujian 2008-03-25 MHNG Road No. & Vit Taiwan 1600 Jienshih township Hsinkuang 9 398 8 Hsinchu 2008-03-26 Vit Taiwan 1200 Road Wufeng 9 398 2 Hsinchu 2008-03-27 MHNG Vit Taiwan 35600 Hengshan township 9 398 2 Hsinchu 2009-04-12 Vit Taiwan 2000 Alishan 9 398 2 Chiayi