Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838: 74 1839: 190 d’Orbigny, 1841: 309 Walker, 1855: 567 Williston, 1891: 78 Kertész, 1909: 163 Hermann, 1912: 122 Aphestia Schiner, 1866 Bromley, 1946: 108 Evenhuis & Thompson, 1990: 232 Evenhuis, 2012: 106 Evenhuis, Pape & Pont, 2016: 32 Aphestia annulipes Hermann, 1912: 122 Aphestia Schiner, 1866 Martin & Papavero, 1970: 50 Artigas, Papavero & Serra, 1991: 57 Atomosiini Taxonomic review of Aphestia Schiner, 1866 (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) with description of seven new species Camargo, Alexssandro Vieira, Rodrigo Rafael, José Albertino Zootaxa 2024 2024-04-10 5436 1 1 80 FD68 (Macquart, 1838) N. Papavero Macquart 1838 [151,609,1194,1221] Insecta Asilidae Aphestia Animalia Diptera 8 9 Arthropoda species annulipes  ( Figs 3C, 4–6, 39)      Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838: 74(  1839: 190); Duponchel in  d’Orbigny, 1841: 309, 310 (dictionary, typedesignation);  Walker, 1855: 567, 569 (key and species list);  Williston, 1891: 78(catalogue);  Kertész, 1909: 163(catalogue);  Hermann, 1912: 122(revision and combination with  Aphestia Schiner, 1866);  Bromley, 1946: 108, 110 (catalogue);  Evenhuis & Thompson, 1990: 232(mention, typedesignation);  Evenhuis, 2012: 106, 107 (mention, typedesignation);  Evenhuis, Pape & Pont, 2016: 32(mention, catalogue and list of genus-group names).    Aphestia annulipes;  Hermann, 1912: 122(revision and combination with  Aphestia Schiner, 1866); Hull, 1962(1): 383 (synopsis of world fauna);  Martin & Papavero, 1970: 50(catalogue);  Artigas, Papavero & Serra, 1991: 57( Atomosiinicatalogue); Papavero, 2009: 84 (catalogue).   Diagnosis.Mystacal macrosetae and setae black and white ( Fig. 4D); 2 black postalar and 3 pairs of reddish yellow marginal scutellar macrosetae ( Fig. 4G); fore and mid trochanters, fore femur and tibia reddish yellow, hind trochanter reddish brown, mid and hind femora brown with basal ¼ yellow ( Fig. 4B).   Redescription. Holotypefemale ( Figs 4A–D, F–H, 6).Head ( Fig. 4C–D): black, white pruinose ( Fig. 4C–D) (frons and ocellar tubercle sparsely), except vertex and occiput dorsally yellowish; orbital setae yellowish white; mystacal macrosetae and setae black and white ( Fig. 4D); ocelli yellowish, 2 ocellar setae (right black, left atrophied and yellow); vertex pruinosity forming a V towards occiput; 14–15 reddish yellow postocular macrosetae; occiput yellowish setose dorsally, white laterally and ventrally; proboscis black, reddish brown basally, proboscial setae yellowish white and labial yellowish; palpus black, yellowish white setose ( Fig. 4C–D). Antenna: black, sparsely brown pruinose; scape and pedicel black setose; postpedicel obtuse apically, sensorial area greyish pruinose ( Fig. 4F). Thorax ( Fig. 4A–B, G): black; pronotum and lateral margins of scutum white pruinose ( Fig. 4A), pleuron white ( Fig. 4B); postpronotal lobe reddish yellow; postalar callus reddish brown ( Fig. 4G); meso and metathoracic spiracles yellow. Chaetotaxy: mostly white setose, punctations golden setose, katatergite and anatergite yellowish setose; macrosetae: antepronotal yellowish white, 2 notopleural, 1 supra-alar, 2 postalar black ( Fig. 4G), 6 marginal scutellar reddish yellow (distal pair smaller) ( Fig. 4G) and 2 posterior anepisternal black.   FIGURE 3. A.  Aphestia calceata Schiner, 1867  stat. rev.with its prey, a stingless-bee  Trigona spinipes( Fabricius, 1793); B–C.Abdomen, lateral (yellow arrows indicate insertion of macrosetae); B.  Aphestia dikowi  sp. nov.; C.  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838); D–G.Cercus of male and female, dorsal; D.  Aphestia calceata Schiner, 1867  stat. rev.; E.  Aphestia dikowi  sp. nov.; F.  Aphestia nigra Bigot, 1878; G.  Aphestia nigriseta  sp. nov.Abbreviations:cerc: cercus. Scale bar A–C: 1 mm, D–G: 0.5 mm.   FIGURE 4.  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838)holotype female. A.Dorsal habitus (insert: labels, not to scale); B.Lateral habitus; C.Head, frontal; D.Head, lateral; E.Postpedicel, lateral (identified specimen, male); F.Postpedicel, lateral; G.Scutellum, dorsal (yellow arrows indicate insertion of macrosetae); H.Right wing, dorsal. Abbreviations:r: radial cells; r-m: radial-medial crossvein. Scale bar 1 mm.   FIGURE 5.  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838)identified specimen male (Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá). A–D.Terminalia dorsal, ventral, lateral and posterior, respectively; E.Epandrium, dorsal; F.Hypandrium, ventral; G–H.Gonopods, lateral external and internal, respectively; I–K.Phallus dorsal, lateral and posterior, respectively. Abbreviations:cerc: cercus; ej apod: ejaculatory apodeme; epand: epandrium; goncx: gonocoxite; gonst: gonostylus; hypd: hypandrium; lat ej proc: lateral ejaculatory process; ph: phallus; pm apod: parameral apodeme; pm sh: parameral sheath; subepand scl: subepandrial sclerite. Scale bar 0.5 mm.   FIGURE 6.  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838)holotype female. A–B.Tergite 9 + Tergite 10 + cercus dorsal and ventral, respectively; C.Sternite 8, ventral; D.Spermathecae, dorsal. Abbreviations:cerc: cercus; gen fk: genital fork; hyprct: hypoproct; spe du: spermathecal duct; spe pu: spermathecal; spmth: spermathecae; tg: tergite. Scale bar 0.5 mm. Wings ( Fig. 4H): translucent, veins brown, yellow on basal fourth; cell r 5open; left halter yellow at base. Legs ( Fig. 4B): coxae black, white pruinose; fore and mid trochanters, fore femur and tibia reddish yellow; hind trochanter reddish brown; mid and hind femora brown with basal 1/4 yellow; mid and hind tibiae yellow with distal 1/3 brown; fore tarsus reddish brown, last tarsomere dark brown; mid and hind tarsi dark brown (first tarsomeres slightly reddish brown basally). Chaetotaxy: coxae and trochanters yellowish white setose; femora yellowish white setose, mid and hind femora with some dorsal, posterior and distal black setae; fore femur with 1 anterior distal, 1 dorsal, 2 dorsal distal and 2 posterodorsal yellowish white macrosetae; mid femur with 2 anterior preapical, 1 posterodorsal and 1 posterior yellowish white macrosetae; hind femur with 1 dorsal black macroseta; tibiae with yellowish white macrosetae (black distally on hind tibia) and yellowish white setae with some black setae distally; fore tarsus with reddish macrosetae, some black dorsally and distally; mid tarsus with dorsal black and ventral reddish macrosetae and setae; hind tarsus with black macrosetae; brush setae reddish yellow; claws black; empodium and pulvilli reddish yellow. Abdomen ( Fig. 4A–B): black, punctations sparsely golden setose; T1 with 3, T2 with 2 and T6 with 2–3 yellowish lateral marginal macrosetae; T3–5 without macrosetae; sternites reddish brown with a posterior yellowish band; sternites greyish pruinose and sparsely yellowish white setose. Terminalia ( Fig. 6): dark brown, yellowish setose; T9+T10+cercus almost tapered posteriorly, indented mid-dorsally and setose posterolaterally ( Fig. 6A); hypoproct coniform ( Fig. 6B); S8 with mid-posterior margin slightly rounded, posterior 2/3 setose ( Fig. 6C); spermathecae forming an ellipsoid spiral with 4–5 turns, more sclerotized ( Fig. 6D); sperm pump slightly dilated; genital fork protruding laterally ( Fig. 6D).  Length.Body: 11.3 mm; wings: 10.2 mm.    Holotypecondition.Right postpedicel ( Fig. 4A, C), left halter, apex of right halter, mid leg and left hind leg missing ( Fig. 4B); left fore tarsus with tarsomere 3, 4 and 5 glued on label; abdomen glued to thorax; a small portion of pronotum, posterior thoracic region and base of abdomen damaged; terminalia dissected.  Male identified specimen ( Figs 4E, 5).Similar to female, except scape and pedicel slightly yellowish; postpedicel with sensorial area larger than female ( Fig. 4E); 2 yellowish ocellar setae; narrow black stripe between base of antennae and ocellar tubercle; fore and mid tibiae yellow; fore and mid tarsi reddish yellow with last tarsomere black; hind femur yellow on basal half and reddish yellow on distal half; hind tibia yellow with apical 1/3 reddish yellow; hind tarsus reddish brown, last tarsomere black; terminalia light brown with concolor setae; oval in dorsal and ventral views ( Fig. 5A–B); epandrium with a V-shaped indentation posteriorly, dorsolaterally setose ( Fig. 5E); cercus subquadrangular, truncate, dorsally setose; subepandrial sclerite conic from the base, dorsally setose ( Fig. 5E); gonocoxite falciform, dorsally setose, anterior ventral margin asetose ( Fig. 5C, G–H); gonostylus large basally, directed upwards apically ( Fig. 5G–H); hypandrium subtriangular with rounded edges ( Fig. 5F); phallus with 3? short prongs hook-shaped distally ( Fig. 5I–K); parameral apodeme bent ventrally and anteriorly ( Fig. 5I–K); ejaculatory apodeme claviform ( Fig. 5J).   Variation.Fore and mid tarsi darkened, almost reddish brown.   Distribution. Brazil( Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paranáand Santa Catarina) ( Fig. 39).  Phenology.The highest number of collecting events for this species were from November to March (Tab. 1) coinciding with the late spring and summer in the southern hemisphere.  Taxonomic discussion.  Aphestia annulipesdiffers from other species by the presence of lateral marginal macrosetae only until the second abdominal tergite ( Fig. 4B); mystacal macrosetae and setae black and white ( Fig. 4C–D); three pairs of marginal scutellar macrosetae ( Fig. 4G) and gonostylus with falciform shape ( Fig. 5G–H). This species was described by Macquart (1838)as  Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838. Later, Hermann (1912)transferred it to  Aphestia, becoming  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838). He also synonymized  Aphestia brasiliensis Schiner, 1866with  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838).  Evenhuis & Thompson (1990)and Barnes (2008)cited Martin & Papavero (1970)as responsible for the transference of  Atomosia annulipes Macquart, 1838, to  Aphestia. However, this information is incorrect since this species was transferred by Hermann (1912). In one of the labels of the holotypeof  Aphestia annulipesis written: “Sylveira Brésil” ( Fig. 4A). The “Sylveira” to whom Macquart referred in his descriptions is probably João da Silveira Caldeira, who was the director of the National Museum in Rio de Janeiro. Silveira made exchanges with foreign collections and likely sent specimens from the National Museum to the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle in Paris. Nevertheless, this information cannot be confirmed because many documents from that time are lost. Additionally, most of the Dipteraspecimens attributed to “Sylveira” were certainly collected in Rio de Janeirosince it was easy to collect in the rich forests around the city and many naturalists from that period had collected only in Rio and Minas Gerais( Papavero, 1971). This information agrees with the distribution pattern found for this species in this study ( Fig. 39).   Material examined. Holotype.Sylveira Brésil 1832. / 202[?] /  Monogramma annulipes/  Aphestia annulipes(Maq.) N. Papaverodet. [19]71 ( Fig. 4A) ( ♀ MNHNP). Additional material.[ BRASIL].  Rio de Janeiro:Magé, Março 1940 ( 1♀ MZUSP); Grajahú[Grajaú], Lopes, 4–1–[19]39 ( 1♀ CEIOC); Same data, 24.11.[19]40 Lopes & Oliveira ( 1♂ CEIOC); Repr.[esa] Rio Grande, Jacarepaguá, M. Alvarenga, xii.[19]67 [ 1♂dissected] ( 6♂ CEIOC); Same data, i–[19]68 ( 7♂ CEIOC); Same data, ii–[19]68 ( 1♂ CEIOC); Same data, iii–[19]68 ( 2♂ CEIOC); Same data, F.M. Oliveira iii–[19]70 ( 1♂ MNRJ); Same data i–[19]72 ( 2♂ MNRJ); [no collecting site] 4–1–[1]950 e 12–1–1950 ( 2♂ CEIOC); Dist.[trito] Federal[ Rio de Janeiro] / Serviço febre amarela M.E.S., Bras. /  Aphestia annulipesMeigen M. Carreradet. [no date] ( 1♀ CEIOC); Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Hotel Monte Castelo /  838 m.a., 14–16 jan 2019M.L. Oliveira leg. ( 1♀ INPA); Itatiaya[Itatiaia] 700m, 10–1–1929, J.F. Zikán / [rectangular red label] /  Aphestia nigraBigot. M. Carr. Det.[19]50 / Coleção J.F. Zikan ( 1♂ CEIOC); Itatiaya[Itatiaia], 700m, 8.i.1941  Trigona ruficrus, J.F. Zikán/  Aphestia nigraBigot. M. Carreradet. [1]950 / Coleção F. Zikan ( 1♂& 1♀ CEIOC); Itatiaya[Itatiaia], 700 mEst.[ado] Do Rio. Brasil 05.ii.1945J.F. Zikán am Fenster [at window] / Coleção J.F. Zinkán / Inst.[ituto] O.[Oswaldo] Cruz Rio–Janeiro–Brasil /  Aphestia annulipes(Macq.)M.C. det. [1]950 /  Aphestia annulipes( Macquart, 1838) Det. A. Camargo 2019 ( 1♀ MWNH); Itatiaya[Itatiaia] 700m, 1–2–[1]950, W. Zikán ( 1♂ MZUSP); Travassos, Penido & Werneck, Serra de Angra, 3–[1]932 ( 1♀ CEIOC); Japuhyba[Japuíba], Angra [dos Reis], L. Travassos F., i–[1]935 /  Aphestia annulipesMacq. Det. H.S. Lopes ( 1♀ CEIOC); Angra dos Reis / H.S. Lopes, ii.xi.[19]72 ( 1♀ MNRJ); Same data 9.xii.[19]72 ( 2♂& 1♀ MNRJ); SP.[ São Paulo]:Faz.[enda]   Itaquerê, Nova Europa,  v.1964 K. Lenkocol. ( 1♂ MZUSP);  Bocaina,  x.1968 Alvarenga& Seabra1. [19]69 / ( 2♀ CEIOC); Cantareira, Chapadão, Barretocol. 11.[1]946 ( 2♂& 1♀ MZUSP);  Cantareira, M. Carrera M.A. Vd’Andretta xi.[1]951 / ( 1♀ MZUSP); H.[orto] Florestal xi.[1] 946 M.Carrera ( 1♀ MZUSP);  Barueri,  16.ii.1955[no collector] ( 1♂ MZUSP);  Est.[ado do]  Paraná:Matinhos, 13.ii.[1]945, M. Paranaense ( 1♂ MZUSP);  S.[Santa] Catarina: Corupá,  ii.1956, A. Maller/ Coleção Campos Seabra ( 1♀ CEIOC). [151,850,150,180] 1964-05 MZUSP Itaquere & Nova Europa & K. Lenko 14 15 1 1 1968-10 CEIOC Bocaina Seabra 14 15 2 2 [321,1076,186,216] MZUSP Barreto 14 15 3 1 2 V, MZUSP Cantareira, M & Carrera M. A. 14 15 1 1 [573,1168,222,252] MZUSP 14 15 947 1 1955-02-16 MZUSP Barueri 14 15 1 1 [446,1309,258,288] MZUSP M. Paranaense Est 14 15 1 1 Parana 1956-02 CEIOC Catarina & Corupa & A. Maller Campos Seabra 14 15 1 1 Parana