Perla bilobata Needham & Claassen (1925: 95)
Perla bilobata : Claassen (1931: 54)
Diploperla bilobata : Frison (1942: 302)
bilobatus : Ricker (1952: 122)
Remenus bilobatus : Illies (1966: 376)
Remenus bilobatus : Hitchcock (1974: 214)
Remenus bilobatus : Surdick & Kim (1976: 9)
Remenus bilobatus : Lake (1980: 43)
Remenus bilobatus : Tarter & Kirchner (1980: 49)
Remenus bilobatus : Kondratieff & Voshell (1982: 761)
Remenus bilobatus : Stewart & Stark (1984: 406)
Remenus : Stewart & Stark (1988: 402)
Remenus bilobatus : Kondratieff & Nelson (1995: 596)
Remenus bilobatus : Grubbs (1997: 81)
Remenus bilobatus : Stewart & Stark (2002: 437)
Remenus bilobatus : Kondratieff (2004: 164)
Remenus bilobatus : DeWalt & Heinold (2005: 40)
Remenus bilobatus : DeWalt et al. (2007: 142)
Remenus bilobatus : Parker et al. (2007: 171)
Remenus bilobatus : Tarter & Nelson (2010: 162)
Remenus bilobatus : Grubbs (2011: 29)
Remenus bilobatus : Li & Murányi (2015: 47)
Remenus bilobatus : Tarter et al. (2015: 170)
Remenus bilobatus : Stark (2017: 236)
Holomorphology And Systematics Of The Eastern Nearctic Stonefly Genus Remenus Ricker (Plecoptera: Perlodidae)
Verdone, Chris J.
Kondratieff, Boris C.
Illiesia
2018
14
5
81
125
4RRBH
(Needham & Claassen, 1925)
Needham & Claassen
1925
[203,782,1008,1032]
Insecta
Perlodidae
Remenus
Animalia
Plecoptera
12
93
Arthropoda
species
bilobatus
( Figs. 3–18, 20–40) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:608
Perla bilobata Needham & Claassen (1925: 95)
Holotype ♂: New York, Herkimer County, Old Forge(Cornell University Insect Collection). Figures: adult– fore- and hindwing, male stern 7–9, male terminalia (lateral), female subgenital plate.
Perla bilobata: Claassen (1931: 54). Figures: larva– labrum, mandibles, labium, maxilla, lacinia. Diploperla bilobata: Frison (1942: 302). Figures: larva– habitus, female sterna, mandibles, labium, maxilla, lacinia. Isogenus(Remenus) bilobatus: Ricker (1952: 122) Remenus bilobatus: Illies (1966: 376) Remenus bilobatus: Hitchcock (1974: 214). Figures: larva–habitus, female sterna ( Frison 1942); adult–male terminalia (dorsal, lateral), female subgenital plate (incorrectly associated). Remenus bilobatus: Surdick & Kim (1976: 9) Remenus bilobatus: Lake (1980: 43) Remenus bilobatus: Tarter & Kirchner (1980: 49) Remenus bilobatus: Kondratieff & Voshell (1982: 761). Figures: adult–head and pronotum, male terminalia (dorsal), female subgenital plate. Remenus bilobatus: Stewart & Stark (1984: 406). Figures: larva–head and pronotum, mandible, lacinia, foreleg, mesosternum, male and female sterna 7–10, cercus (basal, middle, apical). Remenus: Stewart & Stark (1988: 402). Figures: larva– male habitus, and figures from Stewart & Stark (1984). Remenus bilobatus: Kondratieff & Nelson (1995: 596). Figures: adult–male terminalia (dorsal, lateral), female subgenital plate, ova (dorsal, ventral). Remenus bilobatus: Grubbs (1997: 81) Remenus bilobatus: Stewart & Stark (2002: 437)Figures: larva–figures from Stewart & Stark (1984, 1988) Remenus bilobatus: Kondratieff (2004: 164). Figures: adult–figures from Kondratieff & Nelson (1995) Remenus bilobatus: DeWalt & Heinold (2005: 40) Remenus bilobatus: DeWalt et al. (2007: 142) Remenus bilobatus: Parker et al. (2007: 171) Remenus bilobatus: Tarter & Nelson (2010: 162) Remenus bilobatus: Grubbs (2011: 29) Remenus bilobatus: Li & Murányi (2015: 47). Figures: adult–male epiproct, basal anchor. Remenus bilobatus: Tarter et al. (2015: 170) Remenus bilobatus: Stark (2017: 236). Figures: larva– cercus (basal, middle)
Material examined: Alabama, Cleburne Co.,small stream above lake, Cheaha State Park, [ N 33.47396, W 85.82077], 14 May 1988, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, 3♂, 3♀( CSUIC) . Connecticut, Middlesex Co.,brooklet, Rte 148, Killingworth [No GPS], 18 June 1965, S.W. Hitchcock, 4♂( NMNH); nr. Madison, nr. Rte 80, [no GPS], 18 June 1965, S.W. Hitchcock, 1♂( NMNH) . Salem Co.,Fraser Brook, Salem, Four Corners, [ N 41.47291, W 72.26029], 15 June 1967, S. W. Hitchcock, 1♂( NMNH) . Tolland Co.,Storrs, [ N 41.80843, W 72.24952], 18 June 1954, J.A. Slater, 1♂, 1♀( NMNH) . Maryland, Frederick Co.,Fishing Creek, Mountaindale, [ N 39.51949, W 77.45114], 1 July 1958, P. Freytag, 3♂( INHS) . New York, Herkimer Co.,Old Forge, [ N 43.71007, W 74.97434], 18 July 1905, J.G. Needham, P.W. Claassen, 1♂, 1♀( NMNH, paratypes) North Carolina, Alleghany Co.,Brush Creek, Blue Ridge Parkway, BLRI, N 36.46067, W 80.99979, 26 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂( CSUIC); Stone Mountain Creek, Stone Mountain Rd., Stone Mountain State Park, N 36.39445, W 81.03341, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, R.E. Zuellig, D. R. Lenat, 10♂, 3♀( CSUIC) . Ashe Co.,tributary to Peak Creek, Peak Creek Rd., BLRI, N 36.38101, W 81.27936, 21 May 2017, [emerged 25 May 2017], C. Verdone, D. Fuller, 1♀( CSUIC); Same data, [emerged 26 May 2017], 1♀( CSUIC); Same data, [emerged 30 May 2017], 1♀( CSUIC) . Caldwell Co.,Johns River, Old Johns River Rd., NE of Collettsville, N 35.94711, W 81.70472, 2 May 2005, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, R.E. Zuellig, D. R. Lenat, 1L ( CSUIC); Johns River, St. Johns River Rd. just upstream of Franklin Branch NE of Collettsville, N 35.93361, W 81.69056, 17 May 2004, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, R.E. Zuellig, D. R. Lenat, 1♂( CSUIC); Thunderhole Creek, Rte 1366, N 36.07324, W 81.69975, 14 May 2017, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 3♀, 1L ( CSUIC) . Jackson Co.,Balsam, [ N 35.42667, W 83.08528], 24 April 1938, H.H. Ross, B.D. Burks, 6L ( INHS) . Macon Co.,Big Creek, Lake Randall, [ N 35.07861, W 83.20806], 20 June 1939, T. Howell, 1L ( INHS); Jarrett Creek, Arrowwood Glade, [ N 35.15444, W 83.58616], 25 May 1993, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, 1♂( CSUIC) . Swain Co.,Ekaneetlee Creek, 75 mupstream confluence Eagle Creek nr. Camp 89, N 35.49810, W 83.76640, 10–11 June 2003, B.D. Heinold, 1♂( INHS); Skidder Branch, Straight Branch mi. 20, [ N 35.59062, W 83.23494], 28 July 1982, B. Armitage, 1♀( CSUIC); Twentymile Creek, Twentymile Creek Trail, Camp 93, GRSM, N 35.47300, W 83.85240, 1 July 2004, R.E. DeWalt, 1♀( INHS) . Transylvania Co.,Pigeon Branch of South Fork Mills River, NFR 1206 off Rte 276, [ N 35.35815, W 82.77810], 8 July 1981, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂, 1♀( CSUIC) . Watauga Co.,Clear Branch Blue Ridge Parkway, BLRI, N 36.22954, W 81.54462, 21 May 2017, C. Verdone, D. Fuller, 1♀( CSUIC) . Wilkes Co.,Betseys Rock Falls Creek, Walsh Rd. NW of Wilkesboro, N 36.28380, W 81.39729, 11 July 2008, B.C. Kondratieff, R.E. Zuellig, D. R. Lenat, 1♂( CSUIC); Garden Creek, Stone Mountain Rd., N 36.38905, W 81.06922, 29 May 2006, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, R.E. Zuellig, D. R. Lenat, 3♂, 4♀, 7L ( CSUIC) . Pennsylvania, Chester Co.,Wet Lab at Stroud Research Center, London Grove, [ N 39.86911, W 75.77245], 27 May 1980, D.H. Funk, 7♂( INHS); Same location, 4 June 1980, D.H. Funk, 3♂, 3♀( INHS) . Mifflin Co.,Honey Creek, Reeds Gap, St. Park, New Lancaster Valley Rd., [ N 40.72150, W 77.47426], 7 June 2013, B.C. Kondratieff, J. Sandberg, 2♂( CSUIC); Little Poe Creek, Poe Valley, Little Poe Rd. 2 mi.E Poe Paddy State Park, [ N 40.82977, W 77.44454], 8 June 2013, B.C. Kondratieff, J. Sandberg, 1♂( CSUIC) . South Carolina, Pickens Co.,Wildcat Creek, 9 kmSW Clemson, [ N 34.75607, W 82.85767], 18 May 1976, P.H. Carlson, 1♂( CSUIC); Wildcat Creek, Clemson Experimental Forest, [ N 34.75607, W 82.85767], 5 May 1985, K.W. Stewart, B.C. Kondratieff, R.F. Kirchner, 1L ( INHS) . Tennessee, Blount Co.,Abrams Creek, Cades Cove, Old Field ATBIPlot, [ N 35.60470, W 83.77570], 9 May–3 June 2002, J. Burbank, 1♂( CSUIC); Abrams Creek, Cades Cove, Sparks Lane, GRSM, N 35.60400, W 83.79390, 7 June 2001, B.D. Heinold, 1♂( INHS); Abrams Creek, Cades Cove, GRSM, [ N 35.60494, W 83.77653], 1–12 June 2003, C. R. Parker, 4♂( CSUIC); Same location, 18–25 June 2003, C. R. Parker, ♂( CSUIC); Cades Cove, GRSM, [ N 35.60840, W 83.82700], 13 June 1940, T.H. Frison, 1♂, 1 exuvia( INHS); Cattail Branch, GRSM, N 35.51490, W 83.97630, 21–22 May 2003, R.E. DeWalt, B.D. Heinold 3L ( INHS); Tabcat Creek, at first jeep trail crossing, GRSM, N 35.51956, W 83.97927, 21 May 2003, R.E. DeWalt, 4L ( INHS) . Sevier Co.,Le Conte Creek, Gatlinburg, [ N 35.70164, W 83.51361], 4 May 1939, T.H. Frison, 7L ( INHS) . Virginia, Albemarle Co.,Blackrock Spring, Fire Rd. off Skyline Dr. ( SHEN) , N 38.20504, W 78.74916, 3 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 8♂, 2♀( CSUIC); South Fork Moormans River, Fire Rd. of Skyline Dr. ( SHEN) , N 38.09850, W 78.77815, 3 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 1♀( CSUIC) . Alleghany Co.,Hays Creek, Rte 619, N 37.73125, W 80.00259, 10 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C, Kondratieff, 2♂, 2♀( CSUIC) . Amherst Co.,Dancing Creek, Blue Ridge Parkway, Dancing Creek Overlook Parking, BLRI, N 37.63430, W 79.33258, 18 June 2016, C. Verdone, 1♂( CSUIC) . Augusta Co.,Calfpasture River, Jct. Hwy 250 and Rte 715, [ N 38.27356, W 79.30068], 8 June 2017, B.C. Kondratieff, 5♂, 3♀( CSUIC); Love bog Blue Ridge Parkway, mile 15.61, BLRI, [ N 37.88348, W 79.01054], 16-17 July 2007, C. R. Parker, 1♂( CSUIC); Paine Run, Jct 661 and 614, [ N 38.19880, W 78.79340], 19 July 1975, O.S., C.M Flint 1♂( NMNH); tributary to Braley Pond, NW Rte 715, [ N 38.28963, W 79.30448], 9 June 2017, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂( CSUIC) . Bedford Co.,Battery Creek, FR 951, N 37.55194, W 79.44059. 17 June 2016, C. Verdone, 2♂, 1♀( CSUIC); Falling Rock Creek, Blue Ridge Parkway, BLRI, N 37.56403, W 79.40851, 27 May 2017, C. Verdone, D. Fuller, 2♂( CSUIC); Hunting Creek, Rte 602, N 37.53511, W 79.42025, 17 June 2016, C. Verdone, 1♂, 1♀( CSUIC); Little Stony Creek, Hwy 43, Peaks of Otter Picnic Area, BLRI, N 37.4454, W 79.59713, 17 June 2016, C. Verdone, 5♂, 6♀( CSUIC) . Bland Co.,Laurel Creek, Rte 613, under Hwy 77, N 37.25547, W 81.12081, 8 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂( CSUIC); Wolf Creek, Hwy 61, [No GPS], 10 June 1978, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♀( CSUIC) . Botetourt Co.,spring fed stream, Blue Ridge Parkway, BLRI, N 37.39235, W 79.83864, 31 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 3♂, 2♀( CSUIC); Bearwallow Creek, Hwy 443, N of BLRI, Bearwallow Gap, N 37.4856, W 79.66866, 19 May 2017, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂, 1♀( CSUIC) . Carroll Co.,Big Reed Island Creek Rd. between Rte 640 & Rte 645, N 36.67665, W 80.51019, 30 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂( CSUIC); Crooked Creek, Rte 620, trout fishing trail, N 36.67296, W 80.80853, 29 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 20♂, 27♀( CSUIC); Stewarts Creek, Rte 896, N 36.58083, W 80.76437, 30 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 4♂( CSUIC); tributary to Crooked Creek, Rte 620 nr. abandoned barn, N 36.67318, W 80.81921, 30 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♀( CSUIC) . Craig Co.,seeps into Barbours Creek, Rte 617, Potts Jeep Trail, N 37.63398, W 80.05481, 10 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 2♂( CSUIC) . Fauquier Co.,Bartons Brook, Jackson Hollow, [no GPS], 15 July 1974, R.W. Baumann, O. Flint, 1♀( NMNH); Little Bull Run, Bull Run Mtn., Shurburg Home, Hopewell Rd., N 38.86665, W 77.703922, 1 June–10 July 2014, D. R. Smith, 7♂, 3♀( NMNH); tributary to Broad Run, Arlington Outdoor Lab, [ N 38.80720, W 77.72170], 3–20 June 2016, D. R. Smith, 1♀( NMNH); tributary to Piney Branch, Roland Farm, N 38.843, W 77.8261, 23 May–6 June 2013, D. R. Smith, 3♂, 3♀( CSUIC); Same location, 7–25 June 2013, D. R. Smith, 5♂, 7♀( NMNH) . Floyd Co.,Dodd Creek, Blue Ridge Parkway, BLRI, N 36.87178, W 80.27901, 31 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂, 1♀( CSUIC) . Franklin Co.,Grassy Fork, Rte 619, N 36.81097, W 79.74516, 7 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♀( CSUIC); Frederick Co.,Cold Spring, 800 mS FR 93 Gate, N 38.80720, W 77.72170, 20 June 2007, A.C. Chazal, 1♂( NMNH) . Greene Co.,Fork Hollow, Ranger Station, nr. Simmons Gap ( SHEN) , N 38.3007, W 78.61979, 3 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 11♂, 6♀( CSUIC) . Madison Co.,Cedar Run, Rte. 600, White Oak Canyon Trailhead, SHEN, N 38.53907, W 78.34813, 2 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 6♂( CSUIC); Rapidan River, Rte 649 ( SHEN) , N 38.46256, W 78.36535, 2 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 1♂( CSUIC); Robinson River, Rte 600, N 38.52717, W 78.35015, 2 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 6♂, 4♀( CSUIC); tributary to Rapidan River, Rte 649 ( SHEN ) , N38.46519, W 78.36990, 2 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C, Kondratieff, S. Roble, 4♂, 1♀( CSUIC) . Montgomery Co.,spring flowing into Craig Creek, 2.7 kmoff 460 on Rte 621, [No GPS], 17 June 1980, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂( CSUIC); spring tributary to Poverty Creek, Rte 708, N 37.26314, W 80.49781, 15 June 2016, C. Verdone, 8♂, 5♀( CSUIC) . Toms Creek, Rte 655, [ N 37.238054, W 80.47339], 29 May 1978, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂ 1 exuvia. Patrick Co.,Little Rock Castle Creek, of milepost 165, Rt. 8, BLRI, [ N 36.82747, W 80.32460], 18–19 May 2007, C. R. Parker, 3♂, 2♀( CSUIC) . Prince William Co.,Bull Run Mtn., Mountain House, N 38.82500, W 77.70500, 26 May–11 June 2012, D. R. Smith, 2♂, 1♀( NMNH); Catharpin Creek., Jackson Hollow Campground, N 38.876667, W 77.68900, 11–24 June 2011, D. R. Smith, 5♂, 1♀( CSUIC); Same location, 26 May–11 June 2012, D. R. Smith, 2♂, 2♀( CSUIC); Same location, 26 May–11 June 2012, D. R. Smith, 12♂, 5♀( NMNH); Same location, 12–27 June 2012, D. R. Smith, 2♂, 1♀( CSUIC); Same location, 21 June– 10 July 2014, D. R. Smith, 2♂( CSUIC); Same location, 20 May–2 June 2016, D. R. Smith, 3♂( NMNH); tributary to North Fork Broad Run, Bull Run Mtn. Natural Area above rd., N 38.84700, W 77.70072, 21 May–5 June 2014, D. R. Smith, 1♂( NMNH) . Rockbridge Co.,Back Run, Cave Mtn. Rec. Area, N 37.56891, W 79.54088, 17 June 2016, C. Verdone, 5♀( CSUIC) . Rockingham Co.,Deep Run, Rte 708, N 38.27972, W 78.76374, 3 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, S. Roble, 1♂( CSUIC) . Tazewell Co.,Cove Creek, Rte 662, off Hwy 61, N 37.17837, 81.29900, 6 June 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 9♂, 9♀( CSUIC); East Fork Cove Creek, Rte 662, [ N 37.19464, W 81.30068], 12 June 1983, B.C. Kondratieff, 1♂( CSUIC) . Washington Co.,Detroit Cove, Jct. Brumley Gap Rd. & Rte 689, N 36.79664, W 82.05730, 24 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, B. Evans, 9♂, 9♀( CSUIC); Detroit Cove, Rte 689, N 36.79664, W 82.05730, 4 May 2017, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 1L ( CSUIC); Little Moccasin Creek, Rte 690 (below switchbacks) , N 36.83005, W 82.08855, 13 June 2016, C. Verdone, 1♂, 1♀( CSUIC) . Wythe Co.,Gullion Fork, Rte 619, N 37.01228, W 81.25340, 27 May 2016, C. Verdone, B.C. Kondratieff, 2L ( CSUIC) . West Virginia, Hardy Co.,Lower Cove Run, 3 mi.NE of Mathias, N 38.91938, W 78.81641, 10-24 July 2003, D. R. Smith, 1♂( CSUIC); Same location, 18 June–1 July 2004, D. R. Smith 6♂, 2♀( CSUIC); Same location, 12–15 July 2004, D. R. Smith, 4♂( NMNH) . Mingo Co.,Laurel Branch of Laurel Fork, 2 mi.S Dingess at CR-3/07, [ N 37.85006, W 82.20055], 17 June 1975, R.F. Kirchner, 1♂, 1 exuvia( INHS); Laurel Fork of Pigeon Creek, 2 miS Dingess at CR-3/07, [ N 37.84891, W -82.20064], 8 May 1976, R.F. Kirchner, 2L ( INHS); Same location, 13 June 1975, R.F. Kirchner, 1♀, 1 exuvia( INHS); Same location, 20 June 1975, R.F. Kirchner, 7N ( INHS). Figs. 31–34. Remenus bilobatusovum, Blackrock Spring, Albemarle County, Virginia. 31. Ovum with membranous covering, dorsal. 32. Ovum, bare, dorsal. 33. Collar, ventral. 34. Micropyles, ventral. Additional records not examined. New York, Franklin Co., Dutton Brook, Rt.3 nr. Saranac Lake, N 44.2495, W 74.23818, 4 August 2006, L. Myers, 3♀( LCRI). Warren Co.,seep to Lake George, Rt.9 North, Basin Bay, N 43.52100, W 73.67410, 5 August 2009, L. Myers, 1♂, 5♀( LCRI).
Distribution. USA– AL, CT, DE, GA, KY, MD, NC, NY, PA, SC, TN, VA, WV. ( Fig. 19).
Male. ( Fig 20). Macropterous; forewing length 10.0– 11.0 mm (n = 10) ( Fig. 21). Body length 8.1–10.6 mm(n = 10). General body color yellow-gold with light brown markings. Dorsum of head typical of genus ( Fig. 22). Pronotum light brown, covered in regularly spaced setae, with pale, glabrous rugosities mediolaterally ( Fig. 22); medial pale area widest posteriorly ( Fig. 22). Abdominal terga uniformly yellow-gold ( Fig. 23). Tergum 8 with mediolateral patches of <10 sensilla basiconica ( Fig. 23). Tergum 9 with a medial glabrous division that extends anteriorly ¾ tergum length and mediolateral patches of ~ 20 sensilla basiconica ( Fig. 23). Hemitergal lobes short, separated from 10 thtergum, with long trichoid sensilla and> 20 sensilla basiconica on each lobe ( Figs. 23–26). Epiproct length ~ 300–320 μm; width ~ 80–84 μm (n = 3); epiproct flattened laterally ( Figs. 23, 26), with a ventral keel ( Figs. 24, 27–28), and a mediodorsal sclerite that is broadest basally and greatly exceeds the epiproct apex terminating in a thread-like lash ( Figs. 23, 26-27); complete lash length ~ 830 μm (n = 1); keel widest at mid-length ( Fig. 26), covered in dense, hair-like spinulae ( Fig. 28). Paragenital plates broadly triangular ( Figs. 23–24, 26). Basal cowl clothed in dense golden-brown spinulae ( Figs. 23– 24). Female.Macropterous; forewing length 9.8–12.0 mm (n = 10). Body length 8.8–11.1 mm(n = 10). Body coloration and morphology similar to male. Sternum 8 with variable subgenital plate extending ~ ½ over sternum 9, or to the posterior margin of sternum 9; subgenital plate moderately sclerotized, broadly triangular ( Fig. 29) or broadly rounded ( Fig. 30); with regularly spaced setae; posterolateral margins convex; basolateral margins either parallel or convergent posteriorly; basolateral crease nearly straight or convex posteriorly, extending ~ ⅓ length anteriorly into sternum 8 ( Figs. 29–30). Ovum.Shape typical of genus ( Figs. 31–34). Length 439–440 μm; width 348–361 μm (n = 3). Larva.( Fig. 35). Body length 9.0– 10.4 mm, (n = 5). Head ( Fig. 36), lacinia ( Fig. 37), mandibles ( Fig. 38), and pronotum ( Fig. 36) typical of genus. Mature male larva with an elongate terminal process with a constriction at the basal ⅓; apical ⅔ thin and tapered ( Fig. 39). Mature larva with paired medial and lateral spots on the abdominal terga. Basal cercal segments with whorls of both long and short setae ( Fig. 40).
Diagnosis. Remenus bilobatus, with its characteristic epiproct lash is easily separated from the other Remenusspecies.However, the lash is rarely complete and may become broken as a result of collection, eversion, preservation, or possibly the lash is naturally broken during development or on mated individuals. Even when incomplete the lash generally still greatly exceeds the epiproct apex. The only other species of Remenuswith a dorsal sclerite on the epiproct is R. duffieldi,but it does not greatly exceed the epiproct apex as in this species. Males of R. bilobatusare further differentiated in that the epiproct is laterally flattened, the 9 thtergum has a medial glabrous division, both terga 8 and 9 have mediolateral patches of sensilla basiconica, and the basal cowl is clothed in dense golden-brown spinulae. Whereas in males of R. duffieldi,the epiproct is dorsoventrally flattened, tergum 9 is not divided and lacks sensilla basiconica, and the spinulae covering the basal cowl are pale. Figs. 36–39. Remenus bilobatus,larva. 36. Head and pronotum, Stone Mountain Creek, Alleghany County, North Carolina. 37–38. Toms Creek, Montgomery County, Virginia. 37. Left lacinia, dorsal. 38. Left mandible, dorsal. 39. Male terminal process (developing epiproct), ventral, Gullion Fork, Wythe County, Virginia. In general, the female subgenital plate of R. bilobatusis broadly triangular or broadly rounded, with basolateral margins either parallel or convergent posteriorly and a basolateral crease that is nearly straight or convex posteriorly. The subgenital plate can be quite similar to the other species, but the nearly straight or convex basolateral crease is consistently different compared to the concave crease seen in R. daniellae sp. n., and R. kirchneri.Females of R. bilobatusdiffer from R. duffieldiby a generally shorter subgenital plate and in pronotal pigmentation. The pronotum of R. bilobatusis brown with pale rugosities, whereas in R. duffieldi, it is pale with brown rugosities. We still agree with Kondratieff & Nelson (1995)who asserted that females of Remenusshould not routinely be identified in the absence of male specimens. Mature larvae of R. bilobatuscan be separated from R. kirchneriand R. duffieldiby the presence of long setae on the basal cercal segments. However, this character is shared by R. daniellae sp. n.which is sympatric in several locations. Rearing of larvae is still the best hope for species level identification.
Biological notes.No life history or biological studies have been conducted on this species. Anecdotal evidence suggests that this predaceous perlodine has a univoltine life cycle and inhabits leaf packs in areas with swift current ( Beaty 2015).
Based on the examined material, emergence begins in early May and continues into late July. In the northern part its range emergence can continue into early August. Remenus bilobatusinhabits springs to 6 thorder rivers ( Kondratieff & Voshell 1982) with drainage areas ranging from 0.26–165.2 km 2and has been recorded from six eastern Nearctic physiographic provinces (Adirondack, Appalachian Plateau, Blue Ridge, New England, Piedmont Plateau, and Ridge and Valley). The average elevation of occurrence localities is 503.4 m(SD ± 219.1 m). The relatively large range of this species may be explained in part by the wide range of stream sizes it inhabits, providing it with greater habitat connectivity. Although this species is widely distributed, adults are seldom collected in large numbers. Of the 88 adultrecords presented only 13.6% (n = 12) were represented by more than 10 individuals, 43.2% (n = 38) were represented by a single specimen.
3111944375
Herkimer County
Old Forge
Old Forge
12
93
1
1
New York
holotype
3111944392
1988-05-14
R
United States of America
33.47396
-85.82077
12
93
Alabama
3111944455
1965-06-18
NMNH
United States of America
12
93
Connecticut
3111944350
1965-06-18
NMNH
United States of America
12
93
Connecticut
3111944414
1967-06-15
NMNH
United States of America
41.47291
-72.26029
12
93
Connecticut
3111944432
1954-06-18
NMNH
United States of America
13
94
41.80843
-72.24952
12
93
Connecticut
3111944335
1958-07-01
INHS
United States of America
39.51949
-77.45114
13
94
Maryland
3111944469
1905-07-18
NMNH
United States of America
43.71007
-74.97434
13
94
New York
paratype
3111944344
2016-05-26
BLRI
United States of America
36.46067
-80.99979
13
94
North Carolina
3111944447
R
United States of America
36.39445
-81.03341
13
94
North Carolina
3111944321
2017-05-25
BLRI
United States of America
36.38101
-81.27936
13
94
North Carolina
3111944418
2017-05-26
CSUIC
United States of America
13
94
North Carolina
3111944328
2017-05-30
CSUIC
United States of America
13
94
North Carolina
3111944448
2005-05-02
R
United States of America
35.94711
-81.70472
13
94
North Carolina
3111944470
2004-05-17
R
United States of America
35.93361
-81.69056
13
94
North Carolina
3111944329
2017-05-14
CSUIC
United States of America
36.07324
-81.69975
13
94
North Carolina
3111944437
1938-04-24
INHS
United States of America
35.42667
-83.08528
13
94
North Carolina
3111944376
1939-06-20
T
United States of America
35.07861
-83.20806
13
94
North Carolina
3111944368
1993-05-25
R
United States of America
35.15444
-83.58616
13
94
North Carolina
3111944334
2003-06-10
INHS
United States of America
35.4981
-83.7664
13
94
North Carolina
3111944386
1982-07-28
CSUIC
United States of America
35.59062
-83.23494
13
94
North Carolina
3111944475
2004-07-01
GRSM
United States of America
35.473
-83.8524
13
94
North Carolina
3111944416
1981-07-08
CSUIC
United States of America
35.35815
-82.7781
13
94
North Carolina
3111944449
2017-05-21
BLRI
United States of America
14
95
36.22954
-81.54462
13
94
North Carolina
3111944366
2008-07-11
R
United States of America
36.2838
-81.39729
14
95
North Carolina
3111944348
2006-05-29
R
United States of America
36.38905
-81.06922
14
95
North Carolina
3111944374
1980-05-27
INHS
United States of America
39.86911
-75.77245
14
95
Pennsylvania
3111944360
1980-06-04
INHS
United States of America
14
95
Pennsylvania
3111944401
2013-06-07
CSUIC
United States of America
40.7215
-77.47426
14
95
Pennsylvania
3111944404
2013-06-08
CSUIC
United States of America
40.82977
-77.44454
14
95
Pennsylvania
3111944302
1976-05-18
CSUIC
United States of America
34.75607
-82.85767
14
95
South Carolina
3111944400
1985-05-05
R
United States of America
34.75607
-82.85767
14
95
South Carolina
3111944338
2002-05-09
ATBI
United States of America
35.6047
-83.7757
14
95
Tennessee
3111944322
2001-06-07
GRSM
United States of America
35.604
-83.7939
14
95
Tennessee
3111944440
2003-06-01
GRSM
United States of America
35.60494
-83.77653
14
95
Tennessee
3111944378
2003-06-18
R
United States of America
14
95
Tennessee
3111944474
1940-06-13
GRSM
United States of America
35.6084
-83.827
14
95
Tennessee
3111944358
2003-05-21
GRSM
United States of America
35.5149
-83.9763
14
95
Tennessee
3111944355
2003-05-21
GRSM
United States of America
35.51956
-83.97927
14
95
Tennessee
3111944459
1939-05-04
T
United States of America
35.70164
-83.51361
14
95
Tennessee
3111944406
SHEN
United States of America
14
95
Virginia
3111944307
2016-06-03
CSUIC
United States of America
38.20504
-78.74916
14
95
Virginia
3111944424
SHEN
United States of America
14
95
Virginia
3111944385
2016-06-03
CSUIC
United States of America
38.0985
-78.77815
14
95
Virginia
3111944421
2016-06-10
CSUIC
United States of America
37.73125
-80.00259
14
95
Virginia
3111944317
2016-06-18
BLRI
United States of America
37.6343
-79.33258
14
95
Virginia
3111944346
2017-06-08
CSUIC
United States of America
38.27356
-79.30068
14
95
Virginia
3111944365
2007-07-16
BLRI
United States of America
37.88348
-79.01054
14
95
Virginia
3111944367
1975-07-19
NMNH
United States of America
38.1988
-78.7934
14
95
Virginia
3111944402
2017-06-09
CSUIC
United States of America
38.28963
-79.30448
14
95
Virginia
3111944397
2016-06-17
CSUIC
United States of America
37.55194
-79.44059
14
95
Virginia
3111944316
2017-05-27
BLRI
United States of America
37.56403
-79.40851
14
95
Virginia
3111944326
2016-06-17
CSUIC
United States of America
37.53511
-79.42025
14
95
Virginia
3111944433
2016-06-17
BLRI
United States of America
37.4454
-79.59713
14
95
Virginia
3111944442
2016-06-08
CSUIC
United States of America
37.25547
-81.12081
14
95
Virginia
3111944444
1978-06-10
CSUIC
United States of America
14
95
Virginia
3111944308
2016-05-31
BLRI
United States of America
37.39235
-79.83864
14
95
Virginia
3111944439
2017-05-19
BLRI
United States of America
37.4856
-79.66866
14
95
Virginia
3111944393
2016-05-30
CSUIC
United States of America
36.67665
-80.51019
14
95
Virginia
3111944425
2016-05-29
CSUIC
United States of America
36.67296
-80.80853
14
95
Virginia
3111944369
2016-05-30
CSUIC
United States of America
36.58083
-80.76437
14
95
Virginia
3111944466
2016-05-30
CSUIC
United States of America
36.67318
-80.81921
14
95
Virginia
3111944323
2016-06-10
CSUIC
United States of America
37.63398
-80.05481
14
95
Virginia
3111944398
1974-07-15
R
United States of America
15
96
14
95
Virginia
3111944313
2014-06-01
R
United States of America
38.86665
-77.70392
15
96
Virginia
3111944430
2016-06-03
R
United States of America
38.8072
-77.7217
15
96
Virginia
3111944310
2013-05-23
R
United States of America
38.843
-77.8261
15
96
Virginia
3111944351
2013-06-07
R
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944359
2016-05-31
BLRI
United States of America
36.87178
-80.27901
15
96
Virginia
3111944417
2016-06-07
CSUIC
United States of America
36.81097
-79.74516
15
96
Virginia
3111944327
2007-06-20
NMNH
United States of America
38.8072
-77.7217
15
96
Virginia
3111944324
SHEN
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944461
2016-06-03
CSUIC
United States of America
38.3007
-78.61979
15
96
Virginia
3111944384
2016-06-02
SHEN
United States of America
38.53907
-78.34813
15
96
Virginia
3111944320
[317,748,1027,1051]
SHEN
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944456
2016-06-02
CSUIC
United States of America
38.46256
-78.36535
15
96
Virginia
3111944330
2016-06-02
CSUIC
United States of America
38.52717
-78.35015
15
96
Virginia
3111944332
SHEN
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944467
2016-06-02
CSUIC
United States of America
38.46519
-78.3699
15
96
Virginia
3111944311
1980-06-17
CSUIC
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944464
2016-06-15
CSUIC
United States of America
37.26314
-80.49781
15
96
Virginia
3111944465
2007-05-18
BLRI
United States of America
37.238052
-80.47339
15
96
Virginia
3111944314
2007-05-18
BLRI
United States of America
37.238052
-80.47339
15
96
Virginia
3111944340
2012-05-26
R
United States of America
38.825
-77.705
15
96
Virginia
3111944304
2011-06-11
R
United States of America
38.876667
-77.689
15
96
Virginia
3111944419
2012-05-26
R
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944405
[189,1051,199,1915]
2012-05-26
R
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944457
2012-06-12
R
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944305
2014-06-21
R
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944312
2016-05-20
R
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944352
2014-05-21
R
United States of America
38.847
-77.70072
15
96
Virginia
3111944408
2016-06-17
CSUIC
United States of America
37.56891
-79.54088
15
96
Virginia
3111944436
2016-06-03
CSUIC
United States of America
38.27972
-78.76374
15
96
Virginia
3111944339
2016-06-06
CSUIC
United States of America
37.17837
81.299
15
96
Virginia
3111944450
1983-06-12
CSUIC
United States of America
37.19464
-81.30068
15
96
Virginia
3111944372
2016-05-24
CSUIC
United States of America
36.79664
-82.0573
15
96
Virginia
3111944341
2017-05-04
CSUIC
United States of America
36.79664
-82.0573
15
96
Virginia
3111944309
United States of America
15
96
Virginia
3111944472
2016-06-13
CSUIC
United States of America
36.83005
-82.08855
15
96
Virginia
3111944410
2016-05-27
CSUIC
United States of America
37.01228
-81.2534
15
96
Virginia
3111944420
2003-07-10
R
United States of America
38.91938
-78.81641
15
96
West Virginia
3111944342
2004-06-18
R
United States of America
15
96
West Virginia
3111944415
2004-07-12
R
United States of America
15
96
West Virginia
3111944462
1975-06-17
R
United States of America
37.85006
-82.20055
15
96
West Virginia
3111944445
1976-05-08
R
United States of America
37.84891
15
96
West Virginia
3111944423
1975-06-13
R
United States of America
15
96
West Virginia
3111944333
1975-06-20
R
United States of America
15
96
West Virginia
3111944382
2006-08-04
LCRI
Dutton Brook, Rt. & L. Myers
Franklin Co.
44.2495
Saranac Lake
5
-74.23818
15
96
3
3
New York
3111944476
2009-08-05
LCRI
Lake George, Rt. & L. Myers
Warren Co.
43.521
North
1
-73.6741
Lake George
15
96
6
5
1
New York