Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851: 379
Helix inconspicua C. B. Adams, 1849
Helix rustica Pfeiffer, 1852: 112
Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851
Helix impexa Reeve, 1852
Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851
Helix villaris Reeve, 1854
Helix crotali Cox, 1864: 13
Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851
Helix ( Xesta ) rustica : Cox, 1868: 2
Helix
rustica : Brazier, 1876b: 117–118
Helix
villaris : Brazier, 1876b: 118
Nanina ( Macrochlamys ) villaris : Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 44
Nanina
rustica : Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 46
Nanina
impexa : Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 46
Charopa
rustica : Tryon, 1886: 212
Nanina
Macrochlamys
villaris : Tryon, 1886
Charopa
rustica : Cox, 1909: 8
Microcystis rustica : Hedley, 1912: 260
Odhner, 1917: 77
Expocystis rustica : Iredale, 1937c: 4
Smith, 1992: 230
A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462
Hyman, Isabel T.
Ponder, Winston F.
Zootaxa
2010
2010-05-14
2462
1
1
148
7RMPQ
(Pfeiffer, 1852)
Snail
Pfeiffer
1852
[151,561,151,177]
Gastropoda
Helicarionidae
Expocystis
Animalia
Stylommatophora
65
66
Mollusca
species
rustica
Figures 17P–R, 18H, 19J, 20I, 21J, 22D, 23C
Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851: 379[ non Helix inconspicuaC. B. Adams, 1849]. Helix rustica Pfeiffer, 1852: 112[ nom. nov.for Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851]. Helix impexa Reeve, 1852: pl. 130, sp. 795 [ nom. nov.for Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851]. Helix villaris Reeve, 1854: pl. 195, sp. 1375. Helix crotali Cox, 1864: 13[ nom. nov.for Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851]. Helix( Xesta) rustica: Cox, 1868: 2, pl. 9, figs 3, 3a. Helix(T halassia) rustica: Brazier, 1876b: 117–118. Helix(T halassia) villaris: Brazier, 1876b: 118. Nanina( Macrochlamys) villaris: Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 44. Nanina(T halassia) rustica: Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 46. Nanina(T halassia) impexa: Pfeiffer & Clessin, 1881: 46. Charopa(T halassia) rustica: Tryon, 1886: 212, pl. 62, figs 44–45. Nanina(Subg. Xesta Sect. Macrochlamys) villaris: Tryon, 1886: pl. 105, pl. 35, fig. 41. Charopa(T halassia) rustica: Cox, 1909: 8. Microcystis rustica: Hedley, 1912: 260, pl. viii, fig. 42; Odhner, 1917: 77, figs 29, 30c, 33. Expocystis rustica: Iredale, 1937c: 4; Smith, 1992: 230. Synonymy follows Iredale (1937c: 4)and Smith (1992: 230).
Material examined. Queensland, Australia: BMNH 1982243( H. villaris holotype) (one shell measured, photographed), Lizard Island; AM C425540( two specimensdissected, one radula examined), S of Cooktown, Mt. Cook National Park( 15º30' S, 145º15' E), on ground, semi deciduous microphyll vine forest, 23 Oct. 1975, P.H. Colman.
Description. External morphology: Shell ( Figures 19J, 20L, 21J) of about 5 whorls, very light pinkishbrown; shape and sculpture as for genus. Animal white. Mantle laps and lobes as for genus. Caudal horn large; caudal foss vertical slit in tail. Mantle cavity and digestive system: As for genus. Genital system( Figures 18H, 22D, 23C): As for genus. Penis moderately long; epiphallus enters penis through simple pore; penis internally covered in irregular ridges, four longitudinal penis pilasters present. Epiphallus longer than penis. Spermatophore soft capsule with firm tail pipe open at one end, tail pipe long, sculptured with longitudinal rows of tiny teeth. Radula( Figure 17P–R): As for genus. Radular formula (30.14.1.14.30) × 100 rows. Range and habitat. Expocystis rusticais found from Innisfail to Cape YorkPeninsula, N Queensland, on the mainland and also on many islands of the Great Barrier Reef. It is found in rainforest, microphyll vine forest and under trees on or behind beaches, in leaf litter, inside rotting logs and under stones.
Remarks.The synonymy of Helix inconspicua Forbes, 1851, H. impexa Reeve, 1852and H. crotali Cox, 1864with Expocystis rusticawas recognised by most early authors from Cox (1868)onwards. However, Cox (1868)incorrectly placed Pravonitor krefftiin synonymy with Helix villaris. Iredale (1937c)first recognised H. villarisas a synonym of Expocystis rusticaand this was followed by Smith (1992)and Smith et al.(2002). The anatomical details given here differ from those presented by Odhner (1917), who illustrated the penial complex. His figure and description indicate that the epiphallus is absent and that the flagellum and penis retractor muscle are both present at the junction of the penis and vas deferens. A dart sac is also described as being present. Some of these differences are, in part at least, due to misinterpretation. The structure referred to as the dart sac is actually the bursa copulatrix (see also remarks under Malandena suturalisbelow). It is possible that the structure referred to as the flagellum is actually the caecum, although this interpretation assumes that Odhner omitted the actual flagellum from the drawing. The radulashown here also differs slightly from that figured by Odhner (1917), who shows his specimen as having unicuspid marginal teeth. However, in his written description of the radula, Odhnerstates that the secondary cusp of the marginal teeth is ‘rather reduced in size and rather remote from the tooth end’ ( Odhner 1917: 81), implying that there is a small secondary cusp present. A small secondary cusp was present in the radulaexamined in the current study. It is possible that Odhner’s (1917)specimen was misidentified, but no shell was figured and Odhner’s material was not examined, so this cannot be confirmed.
BMNH
Australia
Lizard Island
65
66
BMNH 1982243
1
Queensland
holotype
1975-10-23
AM
P. H. Colman
Australia
-15.5
Cooktown
1284
145.25
Mt. Cook National Park
65
66
C425540
1
Queensland
holotype