Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel Bodner, L. Freidberg, A. Zootaxa 2016 4171 2 201 245 9HRPF [151,352,621,647] Insecta Platystomatidae Platystoma Animalia Diptera 12 213 Arthropoda species dalia sp. nov.   Diagnosis.This species resembles  Platystoma pubescens Loew (1845)described from CentralEurope, based on the original description and redescription ( Hennig, 1945), but differs from it by the following characters: T5 of the male 5–7 times as long as T4, and 3–6 times as long as T3 and T4 combined, as opposed to 3–5 times and 1.20 times, respectively; T4 of the female conspicuously longer than T3, whereas slightly shorter in  P. pubescens; postpronotum ground color reddish-brown rather than black; median stripe of microtrichia in ventral half of face broad, whereas narrow in  P. pubescens. In addition, the specimens from Israelwere also compared with topotypical specimens of  P. pubescensfrom Hungary, and were found to differ from them by the presence of three spermathecae in the female rather than two. The number and structure of the spermathecae were apparently not studied by Loew (1845)or Hennig (1945).   Description. Head( Figs. 9, 20): Color and vestiture: Head reddish-brown to dark brown, with orange to pale brown areas. Frons microtrichose at orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle rarely delimited by yellowish microtrichose line. Lunule dorsolaterally dark brown to black, otherwise yellowish to orange-brown, with yellowish median line of microtrichia. Antenna mostly brown to dark brown, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles); pedicel sometimes yellowish anterodorsally. Face: mostly dark brown to black; dorsal 0.5 grayish microtrichose; ventral 0.5 mostly shiny dark brown to black, except yellowishbrown dorsolaterally, dark brown but matte ventrolaterally, and medially microtrichose. Clypeus blackish with microtrichose spots (sometimes forming narrow marginal bands): 1 (pair) dorsomedially, 1 (pair) dorsolaterally, 1 (pair) ventrolaterally, and 1 broad spot ventromedially. Palpus dark brown to black, with yellowish to pale brown base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule pale brown setulose. Gena with 2–3 setae, posterior seta distinctly shorter and thinner. Postgena with thick long dark setulae anterodorsally, thin long yellowish setulae ventrally, and thin short, orange to pale brown setulae posteriorly. Occiput sparsely pale brown setulose. Ratios: Head: 1.40–1.53; frons anterior: 1.40–1.65; frons posterior: 1.23–1.46; ocellar triangle/ frons: 0.32–0.39; eye: 2.00–2.30; 1st flagellomere: 1.50–2.40; gena/eye: 0.26–0.35; parafacial/gena: 0.21–0.33; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.91–3.13; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 1.06–1.38; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.56–0.78; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.42–0.59; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.24–0.36; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 0.89–1.33.  Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color black with reddish-brown areas, and yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum irregularly microtrichose, with one inconspicuous microtrichose stripe medially. Postpronotal lobe ground color reddish-brown. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum, shiny orange to reddish-brown. Scutellum matte black, with yellowish-gray microtrichia spots along margins, and sometimes with narrow median microtrichose stripe. Subscutellum metallic, dark brown to blackish, covered with fine microtrichia. Mediotergite reddish-brown to black. Anepisternum with homogenous reticulate pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum reddish-brown to black, mostly inconspicuously microtrichose, except densely microtrichose margins. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 seta and with dark brown setulae. Presutural supra-alar seta usually present (sometimes setula-like). Postsutural supra-alar seta present. Anepisternum uniformly short brown setulose. Katepisternum mostly short dark brown setulose, with long setulae ventrally. Ratios: Scutum: 0.77–0.90; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.30–0.53; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.37–0.75; postalar/intra-alar: 0.88–1.20.  Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg typedark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Coxae dorsally with fine microtrichia. Femora inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally and ventrally with mixed white and black setulae. Trochanters ventrally with brown setulae. Femora pale brown to blackish setulose: fore femur with anterodorsally short and posteroventrally long setulae; mid and hind femora mostly short setulose, with long setulae posterodistally and ventrally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.  Wing( Fig. 31): Pattern: Reticulate, with small to medium-size hyaline spots scattered more or less uniformly posterior to stem vein on proximal 0.5 of wing, and non-uniformly on distal 0.5, mostly arranged in level of crossvein DM-Cu as spotted band and in larger spots around periphery of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Pattern with discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 2 bands converging posterior to vein R2+3 and extending as one band over crossvein R-M, near to crossvein DM-Cu, ending near middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu: Proximal two forming "H" shape; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 3 partially merged dark spots. Venation: Veins generally pale to dark brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa dark brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter slightly narrower than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellowish, knob dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break with ventral seta, slightly longer and thicker than costal setulae. Tegula with moderately long setae. Ratios: Wing: 2.38–2.61.  Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about half as long as T3 and about 0.25 times as long as T5. Female T4 shorter than T3 and longer than T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen mostly shiny black, with microtrichia scattered mostly over distal 0.5 of T5, and sparsely over T4. Male terminalia( Figs. 42, 53, 64): Epandrium narrow and elongate; ventral concavity deep; subepandrial sclerite anteriorly broadened and extended beyond margin of epandrium, posteriorly with conspicuously long and narrow bridges; lateral surstylus bulbous, curved mesally; medial surstylus narrow, partially visible. Terminal filaments equally long, and conspicuously longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia(Fig. 78): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, with large protuberances. Ratios: Male: T3/ T4: 0.44–0.71; T4/T5: 0.15–0.24; T3+4/T5: 0.24–0.38; epandrium: 0.49–0.60; preglans: 1.13–1.50; glans: 1.70– 1.92; preglans/glans: 0.39–0.53; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 10.27–15.80; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 5.32–5.82. Female: T3/T4: 0.60–0.78; T4/T5: 1.22–1.47; T3+4/T5: 2.11–2.46; aculeus: 5.00–7.00; cercal unit: 2.44–3.00; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.21–0.24.  Measurements(mm). Body length: 3.20–4.80; wing length: 3.10–3.60.    Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL,  Yehudiya ForestNature Reserve[but labeled: Golan, Qusbiye],  17.iii.1981, A. Freidberg. Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (35Ƌ, 5♀); additional paratypes(all from Israel): Mezudat Nimrod[ Qala'at Nemrod],  24.iv.1982, F. Kaplan(1Ƌ); Avivim,  18.iv.1981, AF ( 2♀);  Ma'yan Barukh[ Mayan Baruch],  17.iii.1973, D. Furth(2Ƌ); Ga'ton,  17.iii.1973, M. Kaplan(6Ƌ, 3♀);  Zomet Golani[ Golanijunc.],  23.iii.1974, M. Kaplan(1Ƌ);  Yehudiya ForestNature Reserve[ Qusbiye],  14.iii.1975, F. Kaplan(5Ƌ, 5♀), AF (2Ƌ, 3♀); [ Golan, Qusbiye], T. Furman(9Ƌ);  15.iv.1982, F. Kaplan(1Ƌ, 1♀), T. Peller( 1♀); [ Yahudia],  20.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum(4Ƌ, 1♀);  Almagor, 32°54’N 35°35'E,  1–14.iii.2011, W. Kuslitzky( 3♀);  Kefar Nahum[ Kfar Nahum],  17.iii.1981, AF (2Ƌ); Biq'at Bet Zayda[ Bteicha],  14.iii.1975, AF ( 1♀);  Gamla,  28.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum( 1♀);  Ginnosar[ Genosar],  13.ii.1969, J. Kugler(2Ƌ, 1♀);  Huqoq[ Huquq],  17.iii.1981, AF (20Ƌ, 22♀), T. Furman(7Ƌ, 3♀);  Yavne'el,  31.iii.1973, D. Furth(1Ƌ); Kinneret [Kinerth],  20.ii.[19]54, Student, [DA4476], (1Ƌ). The holotype( Fig. 95) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypesare deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypeswill be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.   Distribution. Israel.  Distribution in Israel.Galilee, Golan Heights and northern part of JordanValley.  Adult activity in Israel.February to April.   Etymology.This species is named after DaliaBodner, the senior author’s mother. It is a noun in apposition. 1315932565 1981-03-17 A. Freidberg Israel Qusbiye Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve Golan 13 214 1 holotype 1315932573 1981-04-18 1982-04-24 1981-04-18 F. Kaplan Israel Avivim Mezudat Nimrod Qala'at Nemrod 13 214 2 2 paratype 1315932570 1973-03-17 D. Furth & Ga'ton & M. Kaplan Israel Ma'yan Barukh Mayan Baruch 13 214 3 3 paratype 1315932577 1974-03-23 1975-03-14 1974-03-23 M. Kaplan & Yehudiya Forest Nature Reserve & Qusbiye & F. Kaplan Israel Yehudiya Forest Zomet Golani Golani 13 214 8 8 paratype 1315932571 [452,1430,1456,1481] 1982-04-15 T. Furman & F. Kaplan & T. Peller Israel Golan Qusbiye 13 214 2 2 paratype 1315932583 [151,660,1492,1517] 1984-03-20 I. Nussbaum Israel Yahudia 13 214 1 1 paratype 1315932574 [673,1360,1492,1517] 2011-03-01 2011-03-14 2011-03-01 W. Kuslitzky Israel 32.9 Almagor 1208 35.583332 13 214 3 3 paratype 1315932572 1975-03-14 1981-03-17 1975-03-14 Biq'at Bet Zayda & Bteicha Israel Kefar Nahum Kfar Nahum 13 214 1 1 paratype 1315932586 1984-03-28 I. Nussbaum Israel Gamla 13 214 1 1 paratype 1315932584 [377,972,1564,1589] 1969-02-13 J. Kugler Israel Ginnosar Genosar 13 214 1 1 paratype 1315932578 1981-03-17 T. Furman Israel Huqoq Huquq 13 214 25 25 paratype 1315932575 1973-03-31 D. Furth & Student Israel Yavne'el 13 214 1 paratype