Neoconocephalus boraceae Piza, 1952 Paschoal & Barros (1977) : 241 Chamorro-Rengifo & Braun (2010) : 43 Comments on Neoconocephalus Karny, 1907 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae) species described by Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr.: The first contribution to the knowledge of South American species Antunes, André Fonseca Souza-Dias, Pedro G. B. Takiya, Daniela Maeda Zootaxa 2025 2025-02-10 5584 3 363 393 748FC Piza, 1952 Piza 1952 [151,618,932,959] Insecta Tettigoniidae Neoconocephalus Animalia Orthoptera 2 365 Arthropoda species boraceae  ( Figs. 1, 2, 17, 18A–B)     Neoconocephalus boraceae Piza, 1952. Piza Jr. (1952): 245 [Description];  Paschoal & Barros (1977): 241[Catalog];  Chamorro-Rengifo & Braun (2010): 43[Catalog].     Typelocality. Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.   Diagnosis.Head semi-ovoid in frontal view ( Figs. 1E, M, 2E); fastigium of vertex trapezoidal in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth of base projected and space between fastigium of vertex and fastigium of frons approximately half the length of scapus ( Figs. 1C, D, E, K, L, M, 2C, D, E); pronotum lateral lobe slightly longer than wide ( Figs. 1C, K, 2C); and tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide and apex slightly rounded ( Figs. 1B, J, 2B).   Redescription. Head:Semioval in frontal view ( Figs. 1E, M, 2E); fastigium of vertex slightly trapezoidal in frontal view, two and a half times longer than scapus length, base three times wider than scapus width, tooth projected at basal portion of fastigium ( Figs. 1C, D, E, K, L, M, 2C, D, E); fastigium of frons little projected, triangular ( Figs. 1E, M, 2E). Thorax:Pronotum anterior margin almost straight and posterior margin slightly convex ( Figs. 1D, L, 2D); lateral lobe slightly longer than wide, anterior margin of the lateral lobe straight followed by sharp curve with straight lower margin; margin of humeral sinus broadly rounded, invagination of humeral sinus in an open V-shaped or concave ( Figs. 1C, K, 2C). Wings:Tegmen with basal and apical region equally wide ( Figs. 1B, J, 2B). Legs:foreleg genicular lobe with inner side wide with rounded apex and outer side with triangular apex, tympanum with three distinct regions: proximal one rounded and closed, median one with a pair of open longitudinal slits, and apical one almost rounded and closed, tibia with six pairs of ventral spines; midleg genicular lobe with inner side triangular with acute apex and outer side with rounded apex, tibia with seven ventral spines on inner margin and nine on outer margin; hindleg femur with nine pairs of short ventral spines, genicular lobe little developed and slightly curved, tibia dorsally with approximately 20 inner spines and 29 outer spines, in addition to two pairs of spurs, ventrally with eight pairs of small alternating spines.  Color:Living male and female specimens mostly green ( Fig. 18A–B). Typespecimen greenish yellow; black maculae on ventral surface of tarsi and frontal area of the fastigium of the vertex ( Figs. 1E, M, 2E).  Description of male. Tegmen: Stridulatory area with two distinct elevated transverse regions, anterior one oval and the posterior one rounded ( Fig. 1F).  Cercus:Dorsal lobe with spine measuring half the length of lobe; ventral lobe two times longer than dorsal lobe ( Figs. 1G, H).  Description of female. Subgenital plate:Posterior margin weakly concave, with pair of lateral triangular projections ( Figs. 1N, 2F). Ovipositor:Extending beyond tegmen apex ( Figs. 1J, 2B).   FIGURE 1.  Neoconocephalus boraceae Piza, 1952. (A–H) Male specimen deposited in UFVB. (A) dorsal habitus; (B) lateral habitus; (C) head and thorax, in lateral view; (D) head, in dorsal view; (E) head, in frontal view; (F) stridulatory area; terminalia, in lateral (G) and (H) ventral views. (I–O) Female holotype of  N. boraceaedeposited in MELQ. (I) dorsal habitus; (J) lateral habitus; (K) head and thorax, in lateral view; (L) head, in dorsal view; (M) head, in frontal view; (N) terminalia, in ventral view; (O) specimen labels.  Measurements:Female holotype: BdL 29.1(30.0); FL 3.2(2.9); PdL 7.9(8.5); TegL 41.8(41.0); FlegL 8.1; HlegL 26.9(27.0); OvL 40.8(35.0). Females (n=18): BdL 27.8–32.5; FL 2.9–3.2; PdL 8.0–8.3; TegL 41.8–44.7; FlegL 7.6–8.4; HlegL 26.5–27.6; OvL 37.9–41.1. Males (n=12): BdL 26.4–29.7; FL 1.7–1.9; PdL 7.6–8.0; TegL 35.1–38.3; FlegL 6.3–7.1; HlegL 20.0–21.4.   Distribution. Brazil: Minas Gerais[ new record], São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro[ new record] states.  Taxonomic notes.This species is most similar with  N. affinis( Palisot de Beauvois, 1819),  N. minor( Karny, 1907), and  N. nigrosignatus( Karny, 1907) Nevertheless,  N. boraceaecan be distinguished from  N. affinisby stridulatory area with two distinct elevated regions, the anterior one measuring approximately one third of tegmen width ( Fig. 1F) (stridulatory area with single elevated region with length subequal to tegmen width in  N. affinis), from  N. minorby the pronotum posterior margin slightly convex ( Figs. 1D, L, 2D) and stridulatory area with two elevated transverse regions ( Fig. 1F) (pronotum posterior margin convex and stridulatory area with single elevated region in  N. minor), and from  N. nigrosignatusby the ovipositor extending beyond or reaching the tegmen apex ( Figs. 1J, 2B) (ovipositor not reaching tegmen apex in  N. nigrosignatus). Finally, Piza (1983)pointed similarities between  N. boraceaeand  N. boraceanus, but the former can be easily distinguished by its tegmen with slightly rounded apex ( Figs. 1B, J, 2B) (oblique in  N. boraceanus).   Type material.  Neoconocephalus boraceae:  female holotype“BR.—S.P.— Salesópolis; Boracea  6–11. Mar. 1948; Travassos P. Braz, Rabello& Bohermann.” [ MELQ].   Additional material.   Females: Three females“Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras;  27– 31. V.2014; Manual; Costa. B.B.leg.” [ DZRJ ORT 0770, DZRJ ORT0771and DZRJ ORT0776].  One female“ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São Josédas Paineiras;  25–29.IV.2012; Manual; Cunha et al.leg.” [ DZRJ ORT0062].  One female“ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São Josédas Paineiras; 14–19. V.2013; Manual; Macedo, L.S.leg. [ DZRJ ORT0208].  One female“Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São José das Paineiras;  27.IV.2011; Manual; Pereira, F.leg.” [ DZRJ ORT0082].  Two females“Parq.Arq. e Amb. de São João Marcos, Rio Claro, RJ, BR, Estrada Imperial;  07–08.VIII.2018; Luiz Carmoleg.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32496, MNRJ-ENT6-32497].  Three females“Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIOdo Tinguá;  26–27.XI.2019; Souza-Dias P.leg.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32491, MNRJ-ENT6- 32492, MNRJ-ENT6-32493].  One female“Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, Rebio do Tinguá;  16–17.XII.2019; Souza-Dias, P. Siqueira, A.M. legs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32494].  Two females“ Brasil, RJ, Riodas Ostras, REBIO União; 22°25’31S 42°02’21”W;  21–25.II.2022; DisciplinaPPGZoo— Souza Dias& equipe legs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32200, MNRJ-ENT6-32485].  Two females“ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIOdo Tinguá;  14–16.II.2020; Souza-Dias, P. Siqueira, A.M. legs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32489, MNRJ-ENT6-32490].  One female“Viçosa, M.G. Brasil; Vanettileg.” [ UFVB].  Males: One male“Campos do Jordão. S.P.  7.XII.1926; Spitzcol.” “ alotipohaud descriptus” [ MELQ].  One male“ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São Josédas Paineiras; 27/IV-1/ V/2011; Manual; Nessimian et al.leg.” [ DZRJ ORT0088].  One male“ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São Josédas Paineiras; 14–19/ V/2013; Manual; Vozniak, J.leg.” [ DZRJ ORT0213].  One male“ Brasil, RJ, Mendes, Centro Marista São Josédas Paineiras; 14–19/ V/2013; Manual; Aguilar, B.leg” [ DZRJ ORT0211].  One male“ Brasil, RJ, Nova Iguaçu, REBIOdo Tinguá;  26–27.XI.2019; Souza-Dias P.leg.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32199].  One male“ Brasil, RJ, Riodas Ostras, REBIO União; 22°25’31S 42°02’21”W;  21–25.II.2022; DisciplinaPPGZoo— Souza Dias& equipe legs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32484].  Two males“ BRASIL, RJ, Itatiaia, PN_ Itatiaia; 22°27’1510”S 44°36’6410”W;  809m  11–13.II.2019; Souza-Dias, PGB, Siqueira, A.M., Pereira, TPL legs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32487, MNRJ-ENT6-32488].  One male“Brasil RJ, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Res. Ecológica do Guapiaçu; 22°27’5”S 42°46’19”W,  30–40m;  13–16.XI.2021; Disciplina PPGZoo—Souza Dias & equipe legs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32495].  One male“ Rebio União, Rio das Ostras, RJ;  06–10/ IX/2019; M. TarginoJ. Miguellegs.” [ MNRJ-ENT6-32486].  One male“ Viçosa, M.G. Brasil; Vanettileg.” [ UFVB].  One male“ Viçosa, M.G. Brasil; 11.38; Snipesleg.” [ UFVB]. 5053755393 [151,1014,1127,1154] Brazil Estacao Biologica de Boraceia Salesopolis 2 365 1 Sao Paulo holotype 5053755361 1948-03-06 1948-03-11 1948-03-06 MELQ Travassos P. Braz & Rabello & Bohermann Brazil Boracea Salesopolis 4 367 1 1 Sao Paulo holotype 5053755401 2014-05-27 4 368 4 367 5053755376 2012-04-25 4 368 4 367 5053755353 4 368 4 367 5053755311 2011-04-27 4 368 4 367 5053755303 2018-08-07 4 368 4 367 5053755395 2019-11-26 4 368 4 367 5053755366 2019-12-16 5 368 4 367 5053755339 2022-02-21 5 368 -22.425278 -42.039165 5 367 5053755388 2020-02-14 5 368 5 367 5053755352 1926-12-07 5 368 5 367 5053755396 5 368 5 367 5053755308 5 368 5 367 5053755326 5 368 5 367 5053755310 2019-11-26 5 368 5 367 5053755305 2022-02-21 5 368 -22.425278 -42.039165 5 367 5053755389 2019-02-11 809.0 5 368 5 367 5053755381 2021-11-13 35.0 5 368 -22.45139 -42.771946 5 367 5053755332 2019-09-06 5 368 5 367 5053755358 [832,1437,691,717] 5 368 5 367 5053755323 [151,836,727,753] 5 368 5 367