Felis guigna Molina, 1782 Felidae Don E. Wilson Russell A. Mittermeier 3T789 61386 Molina 1782 [394,735,1603,1649] Mammalia Felidae Leopardus Animalia Carnivora 21 147 Chordata species guigna    19.   Kodkod    French: Kodkod/ German" Chilenische Waldkatze/ Spanish: Huina   Other common names: Guigna   Taxonomy. Felis guigna Molina, 1782,   Valdivia, Chile.  Sometimes placed in genus Oncifelis. Molecular and morphological data show that present species and L. geoffroyiare closed related sister taxa. Analyses of mtDNA lineages show that these two species last shared a common ancestor about 2-3 million years ago. Two subspecies recognized.   Subspecies and Distribution.  L. g. guigna Molina, 1782— S Chileand Argentina.  L. g. tigrillo Schinz, 1844— C Chile.   Descriptive notes.Head-body 39-51 cm, tail 19.5-25 cm. Adult males heavier (1.7-3 kg) than adult females (1.3-2. 1 kg). Gray-brown coat marked with small, round, black spots and flecks. Forehead and neck with dark spots and streaks. Tail thick, bushy, marked with series of narrow black bands. White central spot on backs of ears. Melanism common.   Habitat.Southern beech forest and temperate rain forest. A study population on the north-west coast of IslaGrande de Chiloé, in Chile, used fragmented remnants of natural forest interspersed with ravines and steep coastal forest strips. They avoided agricultural fields, pastures, and cleared areas. They moved between forest tracts by travelling along vegetated corridors. Below about 2000 m.   Food and Feeding.Diet includes birds, primarily ground-dwelling thrushes ( Turdidae), lapwings (Charadiidae), tapaculos ( Rhinocryptidae), domestic geese, and chickens. Other prey include small rodents ( Rattusspp.) and lizards ( Iguanidae).   Activity patterns.Adept climbers, often use tree branches as travel paths, escape cover, rest sites, and for hunting. Rest during the day along streamsin thick vegetation. Active at all times of the day and night, but generally more active at night.   Movements, Home range and Social organization.Males on IslaGrande de Chiloé sometimes crossed home ranges in a single day. Movement rates for males averaged 62 mper hour, females 36 mper hour. In the fragmented forest, home range size of males was 357 ha; females in same area had home ranges of 126 ha. Home range size of males in unfragmented habitat was 179 ha. Little overlap among home ranges of same sex animals on IslaGrande de Chiloé; male ranges ovelapped those of females. In Laguna San Rafael National Park in south Chile, mean home range size was 150 ha, with no significant differences between sexes.   Breeding.The gestation period is 72-78 days,litter size varies from 1-4. Longevity is up to eleven years.   Status and Conservation.CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Has one of the smallest geographic ranges of any felid species and the species 1s restricted to dense forest areas. Logging and forest clearance are increasingly fragmenting its habitat.   Bibliography.Dunstone, Durbin, Wyllie, Freer et al. (2002), Dunstone, Durbin, Wyllie, Rose & Acosta (1998), Greer (1965), Johnson, Pecon-Slattery et al. (1999), Nowell & Jackson (1996), Osgood (1943), Sanderson, J.G. al. (2002), Scosta-Jamett & Simonetti (2004), Sunquist & Sunquist (2002). 3819684319 21 147