Two new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from the cloud forests of Panama
Kriebel, Ricardo
Almeda, Frank
Phytotaxa
2013
2013-09-26
134
1
27
41
42NBY
Kriebel & Almeda
Kriebel & Almeda. A. Habit. B. Leaf
2013
[151,625,1452,1478]
Magnoliopsida
Melastomataceae
Miconia
Plantae
Myrtales
1
28
Tracheophyta
species
galdamesiae
sp. nov.
TYPE:— PANAMA. Chiriquí: Reserva Forestal de Fortuna. Senderoatrás de la estación del Smithsonian( STRI), 1162 m, 8.734583 N, - 82.240083 W, 19 September 2011, R. Kriebel 5736 & J. Burke( holotype NY!, isotypes INB!, PMA!). Figs. 1–2. Small trees 2.5–7 mtall with young stems orange–brown from the copious indument of asperous–headed hairs, nodal line barely evident. Petioles 0.8–4 cm. Leaf blades 4.5–20 × 2–10.5 cm, 3–5–plinerved, diverging from the midvein 0.5–6 cmabove the base usually asymmetrically, elliptic–ovate to ovate, base obtuse to acute and usually oblique, apex acuminate, the margin denticulate, adaxially glabrous except for asperous–headed hairs on the main veins towards the base, somewhat thin and dark green when alive, abaxially densely pubescent on tertiary and higher order veins with asperous–headed orange–brown hairs and glabrous to glabrescent on the actual surface. Inflorescences terminal, lax dichasia branched at or near the base of the inflorescence, 3.7–7 cmlong, copiously covered with orange–brown asperous–headed hairs, bracts to 8 mmlong, linear oblong, bracteoles 0.5–1 mmlong, linear, less pubescent than rest of inflorescence rachis, drying pinkish, flowers clustered at the end of the inflorescence branches. Pedicels essentially absent. Hypanthia campanulate 1.25–1.75 × 1–1.5 mm, densely covered with asperous–headed hairs. Flowers 5– merous. Calyx fused in bud, shortly apiculate and less pubescent than the hypanthium, rupturing at anthesis into irregular, broadly rounded hyaline lobes 0.25–0.75 mmlong and 0.5–0.75 mmwide at the base, the exterior calyx teeth 0.25–0.5 mmlong, linear oblong, the calyx tube 0.25–0.5 mmlong. Petals 1.5–2 x 1–1.5 mm, ovate, white, smooth, reflexed at anthesis, emarginate. Stamens 10, 3– 3.5 mmlong, radially arranged around the style; filaments 1.5–2 mmlong, geniculate near the apex, translucent white; anthers 1–1.5 × 0.35– 0.65 mm, linear–oblong, somewhat laterally compressed, cream yellow, pores 0.1–0.15 mmwide, truncate to somewhat ventrally inclined. Ovaries 5–locular, half inferior, apex elevated into a low papillose collar. Styles 4.5–4.75 mmlong, straight to very slightly curved, distance between the anther apex and the stigma ca. 1 mm; stigmas truncate to capitellate, ca. 0.5 mmwide. Berries described as green–red on one label ( McPherson 8410, CAS) but drying purple, 1.7–1.9 × 2.0– 2.2 mmwhen dry; seeds ovoid and angled, 0.4–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, orange–brown, lateral symmetrical plane ovate to triangular, the highest point toward the chalazal side, antiraphal symmetrical plane ovate–triangular and inconspicuously verruculose on the angles, raphal zone narrowly triangular and extending the length of the seed, expanded into an appendage that covers about 30% of the seed length. Chromosome number: n= 17 (reported as M.aff. friedmaniorumin Almeda 2013).
Distribution— Miconia galdamesiaeis known from two cloud forest localities in Panama, one in Chiriquí/ Bocas del ToroProvinces and one in Veraguas Provincein an elevation range from 860–1350 m. Phenology—Specimens of Miconia galdamesiaehave been collected in flower in January through March, August and September, and with fruit in February and September.
Etymology—It is with great pleasure that we name this species for our colleague, Carmen Galdames, botanist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute who has made many important collections of Melastomataceaeand the Panamanian flora in general.
Discussion— Miconia galdamesiaebelongs to a group of small tree species that appear to be restricted to the cloud forests of Costa Ricaand Panama. Based on molecular phylogenetic data (Kriebel & Michelangeli in prep.) M. galdamesiaegroups in a well supported clade that includes M. friedmaniorum, M. papillopetala, and M. pendulaUmaña & Almeda (1993: 5). These species share a similar indument of roughened trichomes, leaves that are typically asymmetrically plinerved with the main veins diverging from the mid vein in alternate fashion, small flowers with a fused calyx that ruptures prior to anthesis, filaments that are geniculate just below the anther thecae, five-locular ovaries, very exserted styles and seeds that are more or less ovoidtriangular in outline and angulate on the antiraphal surface with or without verruculose ornamentation that is restricted to the angle ridges. Miconia galdamesiaecan be distinguished from both Miconia pendulaand M. friedmaniorumby its ovate petals (vs. linear-oblong petals). Also, M. galdamesiaehas sessile flowers in glomerules and exhibits a ‘big bang’ flowering strategy ( Fig. 1), whereas the other two species have inflorescences in which few flowers appear to open at a time, and the flowers are pedicellate and not arranged in glomerules. The stamens of M. galdamesiaeare declined away from the style at anthesis unlike M. pendula(see Almeda & Umaña 1993, for a drawing of M. pendula) and M. friedmaniorum( Figs. 5–6) where the stamens are held tightly around the style at anthesis ( Figs. 1–4). Miconia pendulaalso differs in its lanate indument and both M. pendulaand M. friedmaniorumdiffer from M. galdamesiaein their deflexed inflorescences. Continuing botanical exploration in southern Central America suggests that M. friedmaniorumand M. pendulaare restricted to Costa Ricaas suspected when they were described whereas M. galdamesiaeand M. papillopetalaare endemic to Panama. Miconia galdamesiaeis also similar to and grows sympatrically with M. papillopetalaon Cerro Tute (= Cerro Mariposa) in Veraguas Province. The two Panamanian species can be distinguished by petal color and indument details on upper cauline internodes, the inflorescence axes and the leaves (see Table 1and Figs. 3& 4). See discussion under M. papillopetalabelow for further comments. Another close relative of the above discussed taxa is Miconia brenesiiwhich has a broader distribution that may ultimately extend to Panama. This species can be distinguished from M. galdamesiaeby its young branches that appear glabrous or with very short roughened hairs, pedicellate, unclustered flowers, a calyx that is not fused prior to anthesis and very broad anther pores that are typically bent backwards toward the dorsal side of the anther ( Figs. 7& 8). FIGURE 1. Miconia galdamesiaeKriebel & Almeda. A.Habit. B. Leafabaxial surface showing asymmetric leaf veins. C.Flowering branch. D.Ultimate inflorescence branch with clustered flowers. E.Floral bud with fused sepals that terminate in an apiculum. F.Flower at anthesis. G.Longitudinal section of the hypanthium at anthesis. H.Petal. I–J. Longitudinal section and detail of the ovary apex and the inner hypanthial wall. K. Stamen (profile view). From the holotype. FIGURE 2. Miconia galdamesiaeKriebel & Almeda. A.Detailof the indument of a secondary vein on the abaxial foliar surface. B.Detail of the indument of a tertiary vein on the abaxial foliar surface. C.Floral bud. D.Flower at anthesis. E.Petal adaxial surface. From the holotype. Scale bar = 500 µm (A, C–E), and 100 µm (B). Representative Specimens Examined— PANAMÁ. Bocas del Toro: Fortuna Dam Area, along continental divide trail bordering Chiriquí Province, 1200–1300 m, 08º45’04”N, 82º15’04”W, 10 March 1988, F . Almedaet al. 6059( BM, BR, CAS, GH, MEXU, MO, NY, PMA, P, US); Fortuna Dam region, near trail along continental divide, 11 February 1986, 1250– 1300 m, ca. 8º45’N, 82º15’W, G . McPherson8410( CAS, MO, PMA); Vicinity of Fortuna Dam, along continental divide trail west of highway, 1250 m, 08°45’N, 82°15’W, 5 September 1987, McPherson11636( CAS, MO, PMA). Coclé: Cerro Tigrero, 1000– 1350 m, 8°37’33”N, 80°41’18”W, 26–28 September 2001, J . Mendieta17-466( CAS, PMA). Veraguas: Trailto Reserva Biológica Serrania de Tuteand the summit of Cerro Tuteabout 0.7 kmbeyond the Escuela Agricola Rio Piedrajust outside Santa Fe, 18 February 1996, 860– 1300 m, F . Almedaet al. 7618( CAS, INB, MO, NY, PMA, US); Vicinity of Escuela Agricola, Alto de Piedranear Santa Fe. 3 mibeyond the fork in the road near the school, toward Atlanticslope along trail to top of Cerro Tute, 26 January 1980, 3400–3800 ft., T . Antonio3501( CAS, MO, PMA); puente sobre río Los Valles, cerca de la hidrolectrica Estrella Los Valles, 28 August 1982, M . D. Correaet al. 4341( CAS, PMA); Cerro Tuteridge up from former Escuela Agricola, Santa Fe, 1000–1300 m, 8°05’W, 8°35’N, 20 February 1983, C . Hamilton& R. Dressler3073( CAS, EAP, INB, MEXU, MO, PMA).
[151,1372,1490,1513]
TYPE, STRI
Smithsonian
Panama
Reserva Forestal de Fortuna. Sendero
1
28
1
Chiriqui
J, NY, INB, PMA
Panama
Burke
1
28
1
holotype
1988-03-10
F
Panama
1250
8.751111
Fortuna Dam Area
21
-82.251114
4
31
1
Bocas del Toro
1986-02-11
BM, BR, CAS, GH, MEXU, MO, NY, PMA, P, G
Almeda
United States of America
1300
8.75
Fortuna Dam region
1300
-82.25
4
31
1
1987-09-05
2001-09-28
1987-09-05
CAS, MO, PMA, J
McPherson
United States of America
Vicinity of Fortuna Dam
1250
8.6258335
Cerro Tigrero
21
-80.68833
Cocle
4
31
1
1996-02-18
CAS, PMA, F
Mendieta
United States of America
Veraguas
1300
Reserva Biologica Serrania de Tute
Trail
4
31
1
1980-01-26
CAS, INB, MO, NY, PMA, T
Almeda & Santa Fe.
United States of America
Vicinity of Escuela Agricola
1097
Atlantic
Alto de Piedra
4
31
1
1982-08-28
CAS, MO, PMA, M
Antonio
United States of America
Estrella Los Valles
rio Los Valles
4
31
1
1983-02-20
CAS, PMA, C
D. Correa
United States of America
Cerro Tute
1150
8.583333
Santa Fe
1301
-8.083333
Escuela Agricola
4
31
1
[925,1099,1916,1942]
R
Hamilton
United States of America
4
31
1
CAS, EAP, INB, MEXU, MO, PMA
Dressler
United States of America
4
31
1