Desmodium distortum
Meibomia distorta (Aubl.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 281. 1926
Meibomia distorta
Desmodium asperum (Poir.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 122. 1813
Meibomia aspera (Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891
Meibomia elata (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl 1: 198. 1891
Meibomia distorta var. perrottetii (DC.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 282. 1926
Desmodium violaceum G. Don, Gen. hist. 2: 298. 1832
Meibomia violacea (G. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891
Desmodium rubiginosum Benth., Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: 434. 1839
Desmodium spectabile Miq., Linnaea 18: 570. 1844
Desmodium pabulare Hoehne, Chácaras e Quintais 21: 460. 1920
Meibomia pabularis (Hoehne) Hoehne, Mem. Inst. Butantan 1(1): 25. 1921
Meibomia distorta var. pabularis (Hoehne) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 282. 1926
Desmodium distortum var. pabulare (Hoehne) Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. & Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon.
A Taxonomic Revision of Desmodium (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Brazil
Lima, Laura Cristina Pires
Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De
Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart De Azevedo
Lewis, Gwilym Peter
Phytotaxa
2014
2014-05-16
169
1
1
119
3535C
(Aubl.) J. F. Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser.
Aubl.
[194,1115,151,176]
Magnoliopsida
Fabaceae
Desmodium
Plantae
Fabales
39
40
Tracheophyta
species
distortum
Hedysarum asperumPoir., Encycl.6(2): 408. 1805. Desmodium asperum(Poir.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric.1: 122. 1813. Aeschynomene aspera(Poir.) J. St.- Hil., J. Bot. Appl. 1: 60. 1813. Meibomia aspera(Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 197. 1891. Type:—Locality unknown. s.c.( holotypeP-JU!, isotype P!). Desmodium elatum Kunth, Nov. Gen.Sp.6: 528. 1823. Meibomia elata(Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl1: 198. 1891. Type:—CARIBE. F.W.H.A. von Humboldt& A.J.A. Bonplands.n.( holotypeP-HUMB![3 sheets]). Desmodium perrottetii DC., Mém. Légum.324. 1825. Meibomia distortavar. perrottetii(DC.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov.Regni Veg. 22: 282. 1926. Lectotype(designated here):— FRENCH GUIANA. G.G.S. Perrottet s.n.( lectotypeG-DC!, isolectotypes G![2 sheets], P![3 sheets]), syn. nov.
Desmodium violaceum G. Don, Gen.hist. 2: 298. 1832. Meibomia violacea(G. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 198. 1891. Type:— BRAZIL. Maranhão: G. Dons.n.( holotype BR989555!), syn. nov. Desmodium rubiginosum Benth., Ann. Nat. Hist.3: 434. 1839. Lectotype(designated here):— GUYANA. R.H. Schomburgk217( lectotypeBM![2 sheets], isolectotypes K000328093!, P00706583!, W0027216!). Desmodium spectabile Miq., Linnaea18: 570. 1844, nom. illeg., non Sweet, 1826. Lectotype(designated by Schubert 1980):— SURINAME. Para: Onoribo, H. Focke 880( lectotypeU!, isolectotypes E!, L!). Desmodium pabulareHoehne, Chácaras e Quintais21: 460. 1920. Meibomia pabularis(Hoehne) Hoehne, Mem. Inst. Butantan1(1): 25. 1921. Meibomia distortavar. pabularis(Hoehne) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov.Regni Veg. 23: 282. 1926. Desmodium distortum var. pabulare(Hoehne) Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. & Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon.240. 1951, nom. illeg., pro syn. Lectotype(designated here):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Benjamim Constant, Comissão Rondon, May 1911, F.C. Hoehne 2553(SP!). Remaining syntypes: Brazil. Mato Grosso: Benjamim Constant, Comissão Rondon, May 1911, F.C. Hoehne2554(R!). Minas Gerais: Bento-Toledo, cultivada no Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, F.C. Hoehne3908(SP!).
Erect, branched shrub, 1–4 mtall, without a xylopodium; stems not virgate, not slender, cylindrical, striate, densely or sparsely tomentose, uncinate and puberulous-uncinate, rarely hispid or glabrescent, not glaucous; internodes 2.1–6.5 cmlong. Stipules 8–14 × 2–4 mm, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, auriculate, semi-amplexicaul, inserted perpendicularly at the base of the leaf petiole, free from each other, apex caudate, apiculate, margin ciliate, densely or sparsely tomentose and uncinate, rarely glabrescent, veins conspicuous, caducous or generally persistent at the base of the inflorescence; auricle 3–5 mmlong. Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate, or uni and trifoliolate on the same plant; petiole 11–78 mmlong, cylindrical, sulcate, densely or sparsely uncinate or puberulous-uncinate; rachis 10–39 mmlong; stipels 5–8 mmlong, lanceolate, margin ciliate, tomentose or glabrescent on the outer surface, persistent; leaflets discolorous, chartaceous, coriaceous, subcoriaceous or papyraceous, venation eucamptodromous, primary, secondary, and tertiary veins prominent, quaternary veins flush on the abaxial surface, indumentum densely or sparsely tomentose on the primary, secondary and tertiary veins on the abaxial surface, adaxial surface puberulous, uncinate hairs covering both surfaces, terminal leaflet 6.7–19.8 × 2.8–17.2 cm, elliptic, lanceolate, broadly ovate, ovate, ovate-rhombic or rhombic, base cordate, cuneate, oblique or obtuse, apex acute, obtuse or retuse, mucronate, lateral leaflets 6.5–13.5 × 5.5–7.6 cm, the same shape as the terminal leaflet. Inflorescence a terminal paniculate; the main axis longer than the adjacent leaves, 32.1–77.5 cmlong, densely hispid, uncinate and puberulous-uncinate, 2 flowers per node; primary bract 2–4 mmlong, ovate-lanceolate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the on the outer surface, caducous, veins conspicuous on the outer surface; secondary bract 0.8–1 mmlong, subulate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface, caducous, veins inconspicuous on the on the outer surface; pedicel 2–3(–5) mm long, densely or sparsely hispid and puberulousuncinate, rarely glabrescent. Flowers 3–4.5 mmlong; calyx bilabiate, tube campanulate, 1–1.2 mmlong, tomentose, hispid and puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface; upper lip bifid, the 2 teeth joined for ca. ¾ of their length, acute, ca. 0.2 mmlong; lower lip trifid, lateral tooth triangular, 1–1.2 mmlong, central tooth triangular, 1.5–2 mmlong; corolla purple or white, standard 3–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, obovate, apex obtuse, maculate at the base, claw 0.2–0.5 mmlong; wing petals 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, obovate, apex obtuse, without callosities, claw 0.5 mmlong; keel petals 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm, narrowly obovate, apex subacute, with callosities, claw 1.5–2 mmlong; androecium monadelphous, 3–4.5 mmlong, vexillary stamen partially fused with the other from the base 2–2.5 mm; ovary 2.5–3 mmlong, puberulous or glabrous stipe ca. 0.2 mmlong, glabrous. Loment 0.9–1.7 cmlong, stipe 1–1.5 mmlong, glabrous, isthmus subcentral, both margins sinuate; articles uniform 3–6, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ovate-elliptic or orbicular, tortuous, indehiscent, subcoriaceous, veins inconspicuous, densely uncinate becoming glabrescent at maturity. Seed 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, oblong, hilum subcentral. 40• Phytotaxa169 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press LIMA ET AL. DESMODIUM(LEGUMINOSAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE) IN BRAZIL FIGURE 12. Desmodium distortum. A. Flowering branch. B. Stipules inner surface. C. Calyx inner surface (opened). D. Parts of the corolla from the bottom to top: keel petals, wing petals, and standard. E. Androecium monadelphous (opened). F. Gynoecium. G. Fruit. H. Seed. (A: Queiroz 4452; B–H: Lima 517). Phytotaxa169 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press • 41
Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco: Rio Brancopara Boa Vista, 1908, fl., E . Ule7935( K). Alagoas: União: s. loc., 23 March 1980, fl., J . Deslandes65( HUEFS). Amapá: rio Pedreira: Borda do rio Pedreira, ao longo da estrada para Amapá, Km108, 13 July 1962, fl., fr., J. M . Pires& P. B. Cavalcante2165( U). Amazonas: Manicoré: Estrada do Estanho, Parque Nacionaldos Campos Amazônicos, 7 May 2009, fl., fr., L. C. P . Limaet al. 630( HUEFS). Bahia: Abaíra: s. loc., 12 April 1994, fl., W . Ganev3237( HUEFS, K). Ceará: Guaraciaba do Norte: Serra da Ibiapaba, 15 June 1979, fl., fr., A . Fernandeset al. s.n.( HUEFS128478); Candeias: ca. 30 kmNoroeste de Salvador, na BR-324, 25 September 1995, fl., L. P . de Queiroz4452( HUEFS). Espírito Santo: s. mun.: Serra do Caparaó, BR-262, Km195, 28 April 1975, fl., P . Occhioni7194( RB). Goiás: Caldas Novas: BR-070, Km232, perto de Paredão do Leste, 14 January 2009, fl., fr., L. C. P . Limaet al. 517( HUEFS). Maranhão: Loreto: Ilha de Balsas, 19 April 1962, fl., G . Eiten& L. T. Eiten4336( SP). Mato Grosso: Glória do Oeste: BR-070, Km160, 18 April 2009, fl., fr., L. C. P . Limaet al. 610( HUEFS). Mato Grosso do Sul: Nova Andradina: MS-134, Km34, lado esquerdo, sentido Nova Andradinaa Casa Verde, ca. 23 kmSul de Casa Verde, 6 April 2009, fl., fr., L. C. P . Lima& M. P. Andrade571( HUEFS). Minas Gerais: Monte Carmelo: BR-365, próximo à torre CTBC, 2 April 1992, fl., G . Hatschbachet al. 56449( BR, CTES, HBG, K). Pará: Santarém: s. loc., June 1850, fl., fr., R . Spruces.n.( FI-W, G, LE, M, OXF, W). Paraíba: Areia: Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste, 28 September 1956, fr., J. C . Moraess.n.( HUEFS169175). Pernambuco: São Lourenço da Mata: Estação Ecológica do Tapacurá, mata do Camocim, 22 October 1992, fl., fr., A. M . Mirandaet al. 631( HUEFS). Piauí: Alto Longa: Posto Experimental de Área Seca, 16 May 1978, fl., J. J . Viana153( RB). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro: Restinga de Jacarepaguá, vizinha da estrada do lado Sul da Pedra de Ituana. 7 April 1970, fl., D. Sucreet al. 6548( HUEFS). Roraima: s. mun.: serra da Lua, 22 March 1955, fr., I. S . Miranda463( INPA). São Paulo: Bocaina do Sul: Guará, São Josémar, 29 March 1997, fl., R. M . Harleyet al. 28540( HUEFS). Tocantins: Arraias: s. loc., March 1840, fl., G . Gardner3677( K).
Distribution and Ecology:—Central America and Tropical South America ( Schubert 1980). In Brazil D.distortumhas been collected along roadsides, in pasture and grassland in the States of Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo, and Tocantins. Conservation Assessment:—Least Concern (LC), not endangered ( IUCN 2001). Phenology:—flowering and fruiting from January to October.
Etymology:—in reference to the tortuose, distorted articles of the fruit. Common Name:—carrapichinho; carrapicho; carrapicho-amor-seco; engorda-magro; feijão-de-boi. Taxonomic notes:—persistent stipules at the base of the inflorescence, asperous leaflets more than 6 cmlong, paniculate inflorescences, pedicels 2–5 mmlong, flowers 3–4.5 mmlong with a purple or whitish corolla, and tortuous fruit articles are diagnostic characters of Desmodium distortum. Among the unifoliolate species with ovate leaflets more than 6 cmlong, D. distortumis similar to D. guaraniticum, D. arechavaletae, D. membranifolium, and D. sclerophyllum. The three latter species also have flowers with purple corollas, as in D. distortum(vs. lilac or rose corollas in D. guaraniticum). Desmodium distortumcan be distinguished from D. membranifoliumand D. sclerophyllumby the auriculate stipules (vs. nonauriculate in D. sclerophyllum), lanceolate stipels (vs. subulate in the latter two species), the tortuous articles to 3 mmlong (vs. not tortuous and more than 4 mmlong in D. sclerophyllum) and ovate-elliptic or orbicular articles (vs. rhombic in D. membranifolium). Among the trifoliate species with paniculate inflorescences, D. distortumcan be confused with D. album, D. subsecundum, and D. tortuosum. It resembles D. tortuosumin leaf shape (elliptic, ovate-rhombic, or rhombic) and in the auriculate stipules, but can be distinguished by the prominent venation on the abaxial surface of the leaf (vs. only the primary and secondary venation prominent in D. tortuosum), pedicels to 2–3(– 5) mm long (vs. more than 7 mmlong), and articles up to 3.5 mmlong (vs. more than 3.5 mmlong). Desmodium distortumis similar to D. subsecundumwith auriculate stipules and discolorous leaflets, but can be distinguished by flowers to 4.5 mmlong (vs. more than 7 mmlong in D. subsecundum), fruit stipe to 1.5 mmlong (vs. 2–3 mmlong), and tortuous fruit articles (vs. not tortuous). Hoehne (1920)published Desmodium pabulareHoehnebased on collections from Mato Grossoand Minas Gerais, the latter cultivated in São Paulo. Vanni (2001)cited as the type of this species only the collections from Mato Grosso. As the typifications by Vanni (2001)are not valid following articles 7.11 and 9.21 of the ICBN ( McNeill et al.2006), a lectotypeis designated for this taxon. 42• Phytotaxa169 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press LIMA ET AL. Schubert (1980)designated the material from K as the holotypeof Desmodium rubiginosumBenth. However, she did not specify which of the sheets labelled “Schomburgk 217” was being designated, which is a problem because one of them has been identified as D. distortumand the other as D. incanum. To remove any ambiguity as to the type of Desmodium rubiginosum, a lectotypeis designated in this study. Schindler (1928)had already mentioned that there were two different specimens– Desmodium frutescensSchindl.(= D. incanum) and Meibomia distorta(= D. distortum)–comprising the “Schomburgk 217” collection. This study confirms the observation of Schindler (1928)through analysis of the “Schomburgk 217” specimens deposited in BR!, FI–W!, P00706584!, OXF!, and W1889–0109606!, all of which correspond to D. incanum. Schubert (1980)considered Desmodium perrottetiias distinct from D. distortum, but suggested that they may be synonymous. After examination of the typematerial D. perrottetiiis treated here as a new synonym of D. distortum. Desmodium violaceumwas considered a doubtful species by Bentham (1859), Hoehne (1921), and Schindler (1928). On the typematerial analysed from the BR herbarium ( BR989555!), the morphological similarities between D. violaceumand D. distortumare evident and D. violaceumis therefore considered a synonym of D. distortumin this study.
[360,423,387,408]
F, W, H, A, J
Nov. Gen. Sp. & Type & von Humboldt & Bonpland
39
40
1
holotype
[378,572,449,470]
G, S, P
French Guiana
FRENCH GUIANA
39
40
2
lectotype
BR989555
[388,526,541,562]
G, BR
Brazil
Don
Type
39
40
1
Maranhao
holotype
[406,640,602,623]
R, H, BM
Guyana
Schomburgk
39
40
K000328093, P00706583, W0027216
2
lectotype
[395,541,663,684]
H, U, E, L
Suriname
Onoribo
Sweet
39
40
2
Para
lectotype
[374,1118,786,807]
1911-05
F, C, SP, R
Brazil
Benjamim Constant
Benjamim Constant
Comissao Rondon
39
40
2
Mato Grosso
lectotype
[588,1382,151,176]
E
Boa Vista
Brazil
Rio Branco
Rio Branco
41
42
1
Acre
K
Brazil
Ule
41
42
1
[269,789,188,213]
1980-03-23
J
Brazil
Uniao
41
42
1
Alagoas
[800,1073,188,213]
HUEFS
Brazil
Deslandes
41
42
1
Brazil
rio Pedreira
rio Pedreira
41
42
1
Amapa
[571,1040,223,248]
1962-07-13
J, M
Brazil
Km
41
42
1
Amapa
[1050,1184,224,248]
P, B
Brazil
Pires
41
42
1
2009-05-07
U, L, C, P
Parque Nacional
Brazil
Cavalcante
Manicore
Amazonas
41
42
1
[151,465,295,320]
HUEFS
Brazil
Lima
41
42
1
[479,1018,295,320]
1994-04-12
W
Brazil
Abaira
41
42
1
Bahia
[1031,1343,295,320]
HUEFS, K
Brazil
Ganev
41
42
1
1979-06-15
A
Brazil
Serra da Ibiapaba
Guaraciaba do Norte
41
42
1
Ceara
1995-09-25
L, P
Brazil
Candeias
Fernandes
41
42
HUEFS128478
1
[1017,1332,367,392]
HUEFS
Brazil
Queiroz
41
42
1
1975-04-28
P
Km
Brazil
Serra do Caparao
41
42
1
Espirito Santo
[1020,1261,404,429]
RB
Brazil
Occhioni
41
42
1
2009-01-14
L, C, P
de Paredao do Leste
Brazil
Km
Caldas Novas
41
42
1
Goias
[1134,1432,439,464]
HUEFS
Brazil
Lima
41
42
1
[151,795,476,501]
1962-04-19
G
Brazil
Ilha de Balsas
Loreto
41
42
1
Maranhao
[807,947,476,500]
L, T
Brazil
Eiten
41
42
1
[958,1147,476,501]
SP
Brazil
Eiten
41
42
1
2009-04-18
L, C, P
Brazil
Km
Gloria do Oeste
41
42
1
Mato Grosso
[797,1104,511,536]
HUEFS
Brazil
Lima
41
42
1
2009-04-06
L, C, P
Nova Andradina & Casa Verde
Brazil
Km
Nova Andradina
41
42
1
Mato Grosso do Sul
[438,580,584,608]
M, P
Brazil
Lima
41
42
1
[589,853,583,608]
HUEFS
Brazil
Andrade
41
42
1
CTBC
Brazil
Monte Carmelo
41
42
1
Minas Gerais
[297,510,620,645]
1992-04-02
G
Brazil
41
42
1
1850-06
BR, CTES, HBG, K, R
Para & Santarem
Brazil
Hatschbach
41
42
1
[258,695,655,680]
FI-W, G, LE, M, OXF, W
Brazil
Spruce
41
42
1
1956-09-28
J, C
Brazil
Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste
Areia
41
42
1
Paraiba
[311,644,692,717]
HUEFS
Brazil
Moraes
41
42
HUEFS169175
1
1992-10-22
A, M
Brazil
Sao Lourenco da Mata
mata do Camocim
Estacao Ecologica do Tapacura
41
42
1
Pernambuco
[764,1120,727,752]
HUEFS
Brazil
Miranda
41
42
1
1978-05-16
J
Brazil
Posto Experimental de Area Seca
Alto Longa
41
42
1
Piaui
[738,923,764,789]
RB
Brazil
Viana
41
42
1
1970-04-07
HUEFS
D. Sucre
Brazil
Sul da Pedra de Ituana.
Restinga de Jacarepagua
41
42
1
Rio de Janeiro
[151,778,836,861]
1955-03-22
I, S
da Lua
Brazil
Roraima
41
42
1
Roraima
[789,1031,836,861]
INPA
Brazil
Miranda
41
42
1
1997-03-29
R, M
Sao Josemar
Brazil
Guara
41
42
1
Bocaina do Sul
[585,918,871,896]
HUEFS
Brazil
Harley
41
42
1
[928,1435,871,896]
1840-03
G
Brazil
Arraias
41
42
1
Tocantins
[151,358,908,933]
K
Brazil
Gardner
41
42
1