Desmodium distortum Meibomia distorta (Aubl.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 281. 1926 Meibomia distorta Desmodium asperum (Poir.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 1: 122. 1813 Meibomia aspera (Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891 Meibomia elata (Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl 1: 198. 1891 Meibomia distorta var. perrottetii (DC.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 282. 1926 Desmodium violaceum G. Don, Gen. hist. 2: 298. 1832 Meibomia violacea (G. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891 Desmodium rubiginosum Benth., Ann. Nat. Hist. 3: 434. 1839 Desmodium spectabile Miq., Linnaea 18: 570. 1844 Desmodium pabulare Hoehne, Chácaras e Quintais 21: 460. 1920 Meibomia pabularis (Hoehne) Hoehne, Mem. Inst. Butantan 1(1): 25. 1921 Meibomia distorta var. pabularis (Hoehne) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 282. 1926 Desmodium distortum var. pabulare (Hoehne) Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. & Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon. A Taxonomic Revision of Desmodium (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Brazil Lima, Laura Cristina Pires Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart De Azevedo Lewis, Gwilym Peter Phytotaxa 2014 2014-05-16 169 1 1 119 3535C (Aubl.) J. F. Macbr., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. Aubl. [194,1115,151,176] Magnoliopsida Fabaceae Desmodium Plantae Fabales 39 40 Tracheophyta species distortum    Hedysarum asperumPoir., Encycl.6(2): 408. 1805.   Desmodium asperum(Poir.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric.1: 122. 1813.  Aeschynomene aspera(Poir.) J. St.- Hil., J. Bot. Appl. 1: 60. 1813.   Meibomia aspera(Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 197. 1891. Type:—Locality unknown. s.c.( holotypeP-JU!, isotype P!).   Desmodium elatum Kunth,  Nov. Gen.Sp.6: 528. 1823.   Meibomia elata(Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl1: 198. 1891. Type:—CARIBE. F.W.H.A. von Humboldt& A.J.A. Bonplands.n.( holotypeP-HUMB![3 sheets]).   Desmodium perrottetii DC., Mém. Légum.324. 1825.   Meibomia distortavar. perrottetii(DC.) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov.Regni Veg. 22: 282. 1926. Lectotype(designated here):— FRENCH GUIANA. G.G.S. Perrottet s.n.( lectotypeG-DC!, isolectotypes G![2 sheets], P![3 sheets]), syn. nov.     Desmodium violaceum G. Don, Gen.hist. 2: 298. 1832.   Meibomia violacea(G. Don) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl.1: 198. 1891. Type:— BRAZIL. Maranhão: G. Dons.n.( holotype BR989555!), syn. nov.    Desmodium rubiginosum Benth., Ann. Nat. Hist.3: 434. 1839. Lectotype(designated here):— GUYANA. R.H. Schomburgk217( lectotypeBM![2 sheets], isolectotypes K000328093!, P00706583!, W0027216!).    Desmodium spectabile Miq., Linnaea18: 570. 1844, nom. illeg., non Sweet, 1826. Lectotype(designated by Schubert 1980):— SURINAME. Para: Onoribo, H. Focke 880( lectotypeU!, isolectotypes E!, L!).    Desmodium pabulareHoehne, Chácaras e Quintais21: 460. 1920.   Meibomia pabularis(Hoehne) Hoehne, Mem. Inst. Butantan1(1): 25. 1921.   Meibomia distortavar. pabularis(Hoehne) Schindl., Repert. Spec. Nov.Regni Veg. 23: 282. 1926.   Desmodium distortum var. pabulare(Hoehne) Hoehne, Ind. Bibl. & Num. Pl. Col. Com. Rondon.240. 1951, nom. illeg., pro syn. Lectotype(designated here):— BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Benjamim Constant, Comissão Rondon,  May 1911, F.C. Hoehne 2553(SP!). Remaining syntypes: Brazil. Mato Grosso: Benjamim Constant, Comissão Rondon,  May 1911, F.C. Hoehne2554(R!). Minas Gerais: Bento-Toledo, cultivada no Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, F.C. Hoehne3908(SP!).  Erect, branched shrub, 1–4 mtall, without a xylopodium; stems not virgate, not slender, cylindrical, striate, densely or sparsely tomentose, uncinate and puberulous-uncinate, rarely hispid or glabrescent, not glaucous; internodes 2.1–6.5 cmlong. Stipules 8–14 × 2–4 mm, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, auriculate, semi-amplexicaul, inserted perpendicularly at the base of the leaf petiole, free from each other, apex caudate, apiculate, margin ciliate, densely or sparsely tomentose and uncinate, rarely glabrescent, veins conspicuous, caducous or generally persistent at the base of the inflorescence; auricle 3–5 mmlong. Leaves trifoliolate or unifoliolate, or uni and trifoliolate on the same plant; petiole 11–78 mmlong, cylindrical, sulcate, densely or sparsely uncinate or puberulous-uncinate; rachis 10–39 mmlong; stipels 5–8 mmlong, lanceolate, margin ciliate, tomentose or glabrescent on the outer surface, persistent; leaflets discolorous, chartaceous, coriaceous, subcoriaceous or papyraceous, venation eucamptodromous, primary, secondary, and tertiary veins prominent, quaternary veins flush on the abaxial surface, indumentum densely or sparsely tomentose on the primary, secondary and tertiary veins on the abaxial surface, adaxial surface puberulous, uncinate hairs covering both surfaces, terminal leaflet 6.7–19.8 × 2.8–17.2 cm, elliptic, lanceolate, broadly ovate, ovate, ovate-rhombic or rhombic, base cordate, cuneate, oblique or obtuse, apex acute, obtuse or retuse, mucronate, lateral leaflets 6.5–13.5 × 5.5–7.6 cm, the same shape as the terminal leaflet. Inflorescence a terminal paniculate; the main axis longer than the adjacent leaves, 32.1–77.5 cmlong, densely hispid, uncinate and puberulous-uncinate, 2 flowers per node; primary bract 2–4 mmlong, ovate-lanceolate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the on the outer surface, caducous, veins conspicuous on the outer surface; secondary bract 0.8–1 mmlong, subulate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface, caducous, veins inconspicuous on the on the outer surface; pedicel 2–3(–5) mm long, densely or sparsely hispid and puberulousuncinate, rarely glabrescent. Flowers 3–4.5 mmlong; calyx bilabiate, tube campanulate, 1–1.2 mmlong, tomentose, hispid and puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface; upper lip bifid, the 2 teeth joined for ca. ¾ of their length, acute, ca. 0.2 mmlong; lower lip trifid, lateral tooth triangular, 1–1.2 mmlong, central tooth triangular, 1.5–2 mmlong; corolla purple or white, standard 3–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, obovate, apex obtuse, maculate at the base, claw 0.2–0.5 mmlong; wing petals 3.5–4.5 × 1.5–2 mm, obovate, apex obtuse, without callosities, claw 0.5 mmlong; keel petals 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.5 mm, narrowly obovate, apex subacute, with callosities, claw 1.5–2 mmlong; androecium monadelphous, 3–4.5 mmlong, vexillary stamen partially fused with the other from the base 2–2.5 mm; ovary 2.5–3 mmlong, puberulous or glabrous stipe ca. 0.2 mmlong, glabrous. Loment 0.9–1.7 cmlong, stipe 1–1.5 mmlong, glabrous, isthmus subcentral, both margins sinuate; articles uniform 3–6, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, ovate-elliptic or orbicular, tortuous, indehiscent, subcoriaceous, veins inconspicuous, densely uncinate becoming glabrescent at maturity. Seed 2.5–3 × 1.5–2 mm, oblong, hilum subcentral.  40• Phytotaxa169 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press LIMA ET AL. DESMODIUM(LEGUMINOSAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE) IN BRAZIL   FIGURE 12.  Desmodium distortum. A. Flowering branch. B. Stipules inner surface. C. Calyx inner surface (opened). D. Parts of the corolla from the bottom to top: keel petals, wing petals, and standard. E. Androecium monadelphous (opened). F. Gynoecium. G. Fruit. H. Seed. (A: Queiroz 4452; B–H: Lima 517).  Phytotaxa169 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press • 41   Selected specimens examined:—  BRAZIL. Acre: Rio Branco: Rio Brancopara Boa Vista, 1908, fl.,  E .   Ule7935( K).  Alagoas: União: s. loc.,  23 March 1980, fl.,  J .   Deslandes65( HUEFS).  Amapá: rio Pedreira: Borda do rio Pedreira, ao longo da estrada para  Amapá, Km108,  13 July 1962, fl., fr.,  J. M .  Pires& P. B.   Cavalcante2165( U). Amazonas: Manicoré: Estrada do Estanho, Parque Nacionaldos Campos Amazônicos,  7 May 2009, fl., fr.,  L. C. P .   Limaet al. 630( HUEFS).  Bahia: Abaíra: s. loc.,  12 April 1994, fl.,  W .   Ganev3237( HUEFS, K).  Ceará: Guaraciaba do Norte: Serra da Ibiapaba,  15 June 1979, fl., fr.,  A .   Fernandeset al. s.n.( HUEFS128478); Candeias: ca.  30 kmNoroeste de Salvador, na BR-324,  25 September 1995, fl.,  L. P .  de Queiroz4452( HUEFS).  Espírito Santo: s. mun.: Serra do Caparaó, BR-262, Km195,  28 April 1975, fl.,  P .   Occhioni7194( RB).  Goiás: Caldas Novas: BR-070, Km232, perto de Paredão do Leste,  14 January 2009, fl., fr.,  L. C. P .   Limaet al. 517( HUEFS).  Maranhão: Loreto: Ilha de Balsas,  19 April 1962, fl.,  G .  Eiten& L. T.   Eiten4336( SP).  Mato Grosso: Glória do Oeste: BR-070, Km160,  18 April 2009, fl., fr.,  L. C. P .   Limaet al. 610( HUEFS).  Mato Grosso do Sul: Nova Andradina: MS-134, Km34, lado esquerdo, sentido Nova Andradinaa Casa Verde, ca.  23 kmSul de Casa Verde,  6 April 2009, fl., fr.,  L. C. P .  Lima& M. P.   Andrade571( HUEFS).  Minas Gerais: Monte Carmelo: BR-365, próximo à torre CTBC,   2 April 1992, fl.,  G .   Hatschbachet al. 56449( BR, CTES, HBG, K). Pará: Santarém: s. loc.,  June 1850, fl., fr.,  R .   Spruces.n.( FI-W, G, LE, M, OXF, W).  Paraíba: Areia: Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste,  28 September 1956, fr.,  J. C .   Moraess.n.( HUEFS169175).  Pernambuco: São Lourenço da Mata: Estação Ecológica do Tapacurá, mata do Camocim,  22 October 1992, fl., fr.,  A. M .   Mirandaet al. 631( HUEFS).  Piauí: Alto Longa: Posto Experimental de Área Seca,  16 May 1978, fl.,  J. J .   Viana153( RB). Rio de Janeiro:  Rio de Janeiro: Restinga de Jacarepaguá, vizinha da estrada do lado Sul da Pedra de Ituana.  7 April 1970, fl.,  D. Sucreet al. 6548( HUEFS).  Roraima: s. mun.: serra da Lua,  22 March 1955, fr.,  I. S .   Miranda463( INPA). São Paulo:  Bocaina do Sul: Guará, São Josémar,  29 March 1997, fl.,  R. M .   Harleyet al. 28540( HUEFS).  Tocantins: Arraias: s. loc.,  March 1840, fl.,  G .   Gardner3677( K).   Distribution and Ecology:—Central America and Tropical South America ( Schubert 1980). In Brazil  D.distortumhas been collected along roadsides, in pasture and grassland in the States of Acre, Alagoas, Amapá, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, São Paulo, and Tocantins.  Conservation Assessment:—Least Concern (LC), not endangered ( IUCN 2001).  Phenology:—flowering and fruiting from January to October.   Etymology:—in reference to the tortuose, distorted articles of the fruit.  Common Name:—carrapichinho; carrapicho; carrapicho-amor-seco; engorda-magro; feijão-de-boi.  Taxonomic notes:—persistent stipules at the base of the inflorescence, asperous leaflets more than 6 cmlong, paniculate inflorescences, pedicels 2–5 mmlong, flowers 3–4.5 mmlong with a purple or whitish corolla, and tortuous fruit articles are diagnostic characters of  Desmodium distortum. Among the unifoliolate species with ovate leaflets more than 6 cmlong,  D. distortumis similar to  D. guaraniticum,  D. arechavaletae,  D. membranifolium, and  D. sclerophyllum. The three latter species also have flowers with purple corollas, as in  D. distortum(vs. lilac or rose corollas in  D. guaraniticum).  Desmodium distortumcan be distinguished from  D. membranifoliumand  D. sclerophyllumby the auriculate stipules (vs. nonauriculate in  D. sclerophyllum), lanceolate stipels (vs. subulate in the latter two species), the tortuous articles to 3 mmlong (vs. not tortuous and more than 4 mmlong in  D. sclerophyllum) and ovate-elliptic or orbicular articles (vs. rhombic in  D. membranifolium). Among the trifoliate species with paniculate inflorescences,  D. distortumcan be confused with  D. album,  D. subsecundum, and  D. tortuosum. It resembles  D. tortuosumin leaf shape (elliptic, ovate-rhombic, or rhombic) and in the auriculate stipules, but can be distinguished by the prominent venation on the abaxial surface of the leaf (vs. only the primary and secondary venation prominent in  D. tortuosum), pedicels to 2–3(– 5) mm long (vs. more than 7 mmlong), and articles up to 3.5 mmlong (vs. more than 3.5 mmlong).   Desmodium distortumis similar to  D. subsecundumwith auriculate stipules and discolorous leaflets, but can be distinguished by flowers to 4.5 mmlong (vs. more than 7 mmlong in  D. subsecundum), fruit stipe to 1.5 mmlong (vs. 2–3 mmlong), and tortuous fruit articles (vs. not tortuous).  Hoehne (1920)published  Desmodium pabulareHoehnebased on collections from Mato Grossoand Minas Gerais, the latter cultivated in São Paulo. Vanni (2001)cited as the type of this species only the collections from Mato Grosso. As the typifications by Vanni (2001)are not valid following articles 7.11 and 9.21 of the ICBN ( McNeill et al.2006), a lectotypeis designated for this taxon.  42• Phytotaxa169 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press  LIMA ET AL.  Schubert (1980)designated the material from K as the holotypeof  Desmodium rubiginosumBenth. However, she did not specify which of the sheets labelled “Schomburgk 217” was being designated, which is a problem because one of them has been identified as  D. distortumand the other as  D. incanum. To remove any ambiguity as to the type of  Desmodium rubiginosum, a lectotypeis designated in this study. Schindler (1928)had already mentioned that there were two different specimens–  Desmodium frutescensSchindl.(=  D. incanum) and  Meibomia distorta(=  D. distortum)–comprising the “Schomburgk 217” collection. This study confirms the observation of Schindler (1928)through analysis of the “Schomburgk 217” specimens deposited in BR!, FI–W!, P00706584!, OXF!, and W1889–0109606!, all of which correspond to  D. incanum.  Schubert (1980)considered  Desmodium perrottetiias distinct from  D. distortum, but suggested that they may be synonymous. After examination of the typematerial  D. perrottetiiis treated here as a new synonym of  D. distortum.   Desmodium violaceumwas considered a doubtful species by Bentham (1859), Hoehne (1921), and Schindler (1928). On the typematerial analysed from the BR herbarium ( BR989555!), the morphological similarities between  D. violaceumand  D. distortumare evident and  D. violaceumis therefore considered a synonym of  D. distortumin this study. [360,423,387,408] F, W, H, A, J Nov. Gen. Sp. & Type & von Humboldt & Bonpland 39 40 1 holotype [378,572,449,470] G, S, P French Guiana FRENCH GUIANA 39 40 2 lectotype BR989555 [388,526,541,562] G, BR Brazil Don Type 39 40 1 Maranhao holotype [406,640,602,623] R, H, BM Guyana Schomburgk 39 40 K000328093, P00706583, W0027216 2 lectotype [395,541,663,684] H, U, E, L Suriname Onoribo Sweet 39 40 2 Para lectotype [374,1118,786,807] 1911-05 F, C, SP, R Brazil Benjamim Constant Benjamim Constant Comissao Rondon 39 40 2 Mato Grosso lectotype [588,1382,151,176] E Boa Vista Brazil Rio Branco Rio Branco 41 42 1 Acre K Brazil Ule 41 42 1 [269,789,188,213] 1980-03-23 J Brazil Uniao 41 42 1 Alagoas [800,1073,188,213] HUEFS Brazil Deslandes 41 42 1 Brazil rio Pedreira rio Pedreira 41 42 1 Amapa [571,1040,223,248] 1962-07-13 J, M Brazil Km 41 42 1 Amapa [1050,1184,224,248] P, B Brazil Pires 41 42 1 2009-05-07 U, L, C, P Parque Nacional Brazil Cavalcante Manicore Amazonas 41 42 1 [151,465,295,320] HUEFS Brazil Lima 41 42 1 [479,1018,295,320] 1994-04-12 W Brazil Abaira 41 42 1 Bahia [1031,1343,295,320] HUEFS, K Brazil Ganev 41 42 1 1979-06-15 A Brazil Serra da Ibiapaba Guaraciaba do Norte 41 42 1 Ceara 1995-09-25 L, P Brazil Candeias Fernandes 41 42 HUEFS128478 1 [1017,1332,367,392] HUEFS Brazil Queiroz 41 42 1 1975-04-28 P Km Brazil Serra do Caparao 41 42 1 Espirito Santo [1020,1261,404,429] RB Brazil Occhioni 41 42 1 2009-01-14 L, C, P de Paredao do Leste Brazil Km Caldas Novas 41 42 1 Goias [1134,1432,439,464] HUEFS Brazil Lima 41 42 1 [151,795,476,501] 1962-04-19 G Brazil Ilha de Balsas Loreto 41 42 1 Maranhao [807,947,476,500] L, T Brazil Eiten 41 42 1 [958,1147,476,501] SP Brazil Eiten 41 42 1 2009-04-18 L, C, P Brazil Km Gloria do Oeste 41 42 1 Mato Grosso [797,1104,511,536] HUEFS Brazil Lima 41 42 1 2009-04-06 L, C, P Nova Andradina & Casa Verde Brazil Km Nova Andradina 41 42 1 Mato Grosso do Sul [438,580,584,608] M, P Brazil Lima 41 42 1 [589,853,583,608] HUEFS Brazil Andrade 41 42 1 CTBC Brazil Monte Carmelo 41 42 1 Minas Gerais [297,510,620,645] 1992-04-02 G Brazil 41 42 1 1850-06 BR, CTES, HBG, K, R Para & Santarem Brazil Hatschbach 41 42 1 [258,695,655,680] FI-W, G, LE, M, OXF, W Brazil Spruce 41 42 1 1956-09-28 J, C Brazil Escola de Agronomia do Nordeste Areia 41 42 1 Paraiba [311,644,692,717] HUEFS Brazil Moraes 41 42 HUEFS169175 1 1992-10-22 A, M Brazil Sao Lourenco da Mata mata do Camocim Estacao Ecologica do Tapacura 41 42 1 Pernambuco [764,1120,727,752] HUEFS Brazil Miranda 41 42 1 1978-05-16 J Brazil Posto Experimental de Area Seca Alto Longa 41 42 1 Piaui [738,923,764,789] RB Brazil Viana 41 42 1 1970-04-07 HUEFS D. Sucre Brazil Sul da Pedra de Ituana. Restinga de Jacarepagua 41 42 1 Rio de Janeiro [151,778,836,861] 1955-03-22 I, S da Lua Brazil Roraima 41 42 1 Roraima [789,1031,836,861] INPA Brazil Miranda 41 42 1 1997-03-29 R, M Sao Josemar Brazil Guara 41 42 1 Bocaina do Sul [585,918,871,896] HUEFS Brazil Harley 41 42 1 [928,1435,871,896] 1840-03 G Brazil Arraias 41 42 1 Tocantins [151,358,908,933] K Brazil Gardner 41 42 1