Buthus acutecarinatus abyssinicus Birula, 1903: 108 Buthus acutecarinatus abyssinicus Kraepelin, 1913: 127 Compsobuthus abyssinicus KovařÍk et al., 2016: 3 Compsobuthus acutecarinatus Sissom, 1994: 9 Compsobuthus maindroni Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part XXXVI. Compsobuthus starhai sp. n. from Somalia (Puntland) (Buthidae) Kovařík, František Euscorpius 2025 408 1 14  KovařÍk et al., 2016: 3  XHF7 (Birula, 1903) Birula 1903 [893,1393,1854,1881] Arachnida Buthidae Compsobuthus Animalia Scorpiones 2 1 Arthropoda species abyssinicus  ( Figures 1–6, 35, 37)    Buthus acutecarinatus abyssinicusBirula, 1903: 108.    Buthus acutecarinatus abyssinicus:  Kraepelin, 1913: 127    Compsobuthus abyssinicus: Vachon, 1949: 99 (1952: 219); Fet & Lowe, 2000: 124; KovařÍk, 2003a: 88–89; KovařÍk, 2003b: 138; KovařÍk & Whitman, 2005: 107 (in part); KovařÍk & Ojanguren, 2013: 146–147, figs. 777–782, 921–925;  KovařÍk et al., 2016: 3, figs. 1–4, 15–16, 19–22, 77.  ?  Compsobuthus acutecarinatus:  Sissom, 1994: 9(in part, record from Assab, Eritrea)   Compsobuthus maindroni: KovařÍk, 2003b: 138, fig. 1 (misidentification).    TYPE LOCALITY AND  TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia(Abyssinia), Kachenuha[ 09º04'N 40º12'E; see below]; ZISP.   TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Abyssinia, Kachenuha,  31.I.1899(“Old [Julian] Style”), leg. N. A. Dmitriev, 1♂ 1♀( lectotypeand paralectotype, hereby designated, Figs. 1–6),  ZISP 47(see comments below).   OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED( FKCP).  Djibouti, Ali Sabieh District,  4kmW of Ali Adeh,  23.X.2023, 11°07'30.678''N 42°50'55.456''E(11.12,42.85),  580 ma. s. l., 23DL, 5♂ 1♀juv. (2580), leg. F. KovařÍk.   Ethiopia, 30 kmW Metahara,  VIII.1982, 2♀;  Awash, Metaharaenv., 08°54'N 39°54'E,  960-1050 ma. s. l.(11EA), 2008, 1♀, leg. Trailin, 19.-22. VII.2011, 3♂ 1♀3ims., leg. F. KovařÍk;  Awash, 09°00'34.5''N 40°17'56.5''E,  1012 ma. s. l.(11 EW),  19.VII.2011, 1♂ 1♀, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Awashn. p., 08°52'N 40°05'E,  981 ma. s. l.(11 EX),  20.VII.2011, 1♀2juvs before first ecdysis, leg. F. KovařÍk;  13°43'10''N 39°55'34''E,  879 ma. s. l.(12 EI),  18.XI.2012, 1im. 1juv., leg. F. KovařÍk;  11°29'47''N 40°25'07''E,  766 ma. s. l.(12 EL),  20.XI.2012, 1♂ 1♀, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Gewane, 10°09'38''N 40°39'45''E,  631 ma. s. l.(12 EO),  23.XI.2012, 1♀, leg. F. KovařÍk;  09°34'06''N 40°23'45.9''E,  601 ma. s. l.(12 EQ),  24.XI.2012, 1♂, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Awash, 09°00'34.5''N 40°17'56.5''E,  1012 m. a. s. l. (12 EW), 1♀,  25.XI.2012, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Awash, Metaharaenv., 08°54'N 39°54'E,  960-1050 ma. s. l.(12 EX),  25.XI.2012, 1♀, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Afar State, Awash, 09°09'03.6''N 40°31'38.8''E,  1378 ma. s. l.(14 ES),  26.XI.2014, 1♀, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Afar State, 09°34'06''N 40°23'45.9''E,  601 ma. s. l.(14EU =12 EQ),  27.XI.2014, 1♀, leg. F. KovařÍk;  Oromia State, East Shewa, Fantalezone, volcanic crater Fantalenear Metahara, 09°00'56.2''N 39°51'21''E,  1050 ma. s. l.(14 EV),  29.XI.2014, 4♂ 3♀3juvs., leg. F. KovařÍk.Jiri,  9.7610586°N 42.6800703°E,   VI.2024, 1♂ 1♀( Figs. 33–34, ETH099, ETH082), leg. H. Elmii. Somaliland,   4 kmS of Borama, Awdal, 09°53'01''N 43°11'56''E,  1662 ma. s. l.,  17.I.2015, 1♂, leg. T. Mazuch;  5 kmof Jidhi village, 10°35'04''N 43°02'16.9''E,  515 ma. s. l.(19SF),  1.VII.2019, 1♂( No.1683) 1♀leg. F. KovařÍk;  Habas village, 10°24'42.6''N 42°48'40.1''E,  866 ma. s. l.(19SD),  30. VI.2019, 1♂( No.1679), leg. F. KovařÍk;  5 kmW of Bown, 10°11'50.9''N 43°03'46.6''E,  1340 ma. s. l.(21 SM),  16.X.2021, 1♂(2036), leg. F. KovařÍk.  DIAGNOSIS ( ♂ ♀). Total length 28–40 mm. Sexual dimorphism minor, adult males with chela of pedipalps broader and fingers of pedipalps flexed proximally; there is no difference in length and width of metasomal segments. Base color uniformly reddish to gray. Pedipalps with or without spots. Movable finger of pedipalp bears 10 rows of granules, all without external and with internal accessory granules (  acutecarinatusgroup). Pedipalp chela length/width ratio 3.7–3.8 inmales and 4.4–4.6 infemales. Manus of chela shorter than fixed finger. Trochanter of pedipalps with numerous long setae. Anterior margin of carapace bears eight symmetrically distributed spinae. First to third metasomal segments bear 10 carinae, fourth bears 8 or 10 carinae. All metasomal segments longer than wide. Pectinal teeth number 19–24. Sternites and ventral surface of metasoma granulated and with numerous small black setae. Seventh sternite bears four crenulate carinae. Telson bulbous, aculeus shorter than vesicle. Subaculear tubercle present but not spinoid.   HISTORY OF STUDY. Birula (1903) mentioned only the type series that included 12 specimens, all collected by N. A. Dmitriev in “ Abyssinia, Kachenuha” on 31.01.1899[Old Style, the Gregorian calendar used in Russiauntil 1918]. We examined the two syntypesdeposited in ZISP, lot No. 47. Birula’s handwritten, unpublished collection catalog, which is preserved in ZISP, lists their provenance, in Russian, as “Kachenuha” ( Fig. 37). The catalog also mentions additional, unpublished Abysssian specimens (not types, number unspecified), their locality listed (in Russian) as “vill.[age] Kachin-Uokha on the r[iver] Khavash, ZISP48, 19.03.1903[Old Style], leg. Dr. Brovtsyn.” Khavash is the modern Awash River, and the Ethiopian gazetteer online lists a locality called Kassin Uha or Cassin Ua at 09º04’N 40º12’E, not far from the Awash town. The collector of 1903 specimens was Dr. Nikolay Petrovich Brovtsyn, a well-known Russian medical doctor in Abyssiniasince 1896, a personal physician of Negus Menelik II since 1899, and an author of an early book on Abyssinian anthropology (Brovtsyn, 1909). Birula’s catalog also lists one specimenfrom Addis Ababacollected by Brovtsyn earlier, in 1898-1899 ( ZISP1518), as well as a single specimen from the Egyptian Sudanin 1914 collected by Franz Werner ( ZISP49). We accept “Kachenuha’ as a type locality although it is not entirely clear why the 1899 lot collected by Dmitriev (the types) and 1903 lot collected (independently?) by Brovtsyn have the same locality label. Both Dmitriev and Brovtsyn were later mentioned as zoological collectors for ZISPby Birula (1927: 175-176) in his work on the rich ZISPcollection of Solifugae( Arachnida): “…Part of this material was composed of the collections of some members of the official Russian Missions in Abyssinia, as well as of private persons travelling independently in that country. These persons collected the Solifugaechiefly along the usual caravan route from Dshibuti or Zeyla at Tadshurabay on the Red Sea, through Dshildessa in the northern part of the Somalian desert, and Hararin East Abyssiniato the chief town of Abyssinia, Addis-Abbeba, and the residence of the late emperor Menelik, Antoto. The Zoological Museum is especially grateful for the valuable and careful collections of the order Solifugaeto the folowing persons: G. V. Kachovskij,   Figures 1–2.  Compsobuthus abyssinicus(Birula, 1903), male lectotype (1) and female paralectotype (2) in dorsal views. Scale bar: 10 mm.   Figures 3–6:  Compsobuthus abyssinicus(Birula, 1903). Figures 3–4. Male lectotype (4) and female paralectotype (3) in ventral views. Figure 5. Movable finger dentition of female paralectotype. Figure 6. Original label. attaché to the Russian mission in Abyssiniain 1897-1898, N. A. Dmitriev (1899), Dr. Lukjanov (1890), dresser Mr. Sjedov (1903—1905), Dr. Brovzyn (1905), and Dr. I. N. Lebedinskij (1906).” [113,334,523,547] LOCALITY, AND 3 2 1 holotype REPOSITORY Ethiopia 9.066667 Kachenuha 1300 40.2 3 2 1 holotype 1899-01-31 TYPE, MATERIAL, EXAMINED N. A. Dmitriev Ethiopia Kachenuha 3 2 2 1 1 lectotype ZISP Abyssinia 3 2 ZISP 47 1 lectotype 2023-10-23 OTHER, MATERIAL, EXAMINED, FKCP F. KovarIk. Djibouti 580 11.125189 4 km W of Ali Adeh 1 42.848736 3 2 6 1 5 Ali Sabieh 1982-08 Ethiopia Metahara 3 2 2 2 Trailin Ethiopia 1005 8.9 Metahara 1300 39.9 Awash 3 2 1 1 2011-07-19 EW F. KovarIk Ethiopia 1012 9.009583 Awash 1 40.299026 3 2 2 1 1 2011-07-20 EX F. KovarIk Ethiopia 981 8.866667 Awash 1300 40.083332 3 2 1 1 2012-11-18 EI F. KovarIk Ethiopia 879 13.719444 21 39.926113 3 2 1 2012-11-20 EL F. KovarIk Ethiopia 766 11.496389 21 40.418613 3 2 2 1 1 2012-11-23 EO F. KovarIk Ethiopia 631 10.160555 Gewane 21 40.662502 3 2 1 1 2012-11-24 EQ F. KovarIk Ethiopia 601 true 9.568334 Gewane 15 40.396084 3 2 1 1 2012-11-25 EW F. KovarIk Ethiopia 1012 9.009583 Awash 1 40.299026 3 2 1 1 2012-11-25 EX F. KovarIk Ethiopia 1005 8.9 Metahara 1300 39.9 Awash 3 2 1 1 2014-11-26 ES F. KovarIk Ethiopia 1378 9.151 Awash 1 40.527443 3 2 1 1 Afar 2014-11-27 EQ F. KovarIk Ethiopia 601 9.568334 Afar State 15 40.396084 3 2 1 1 Afar 2014-11-29 EV F. KovarIk. Jiri Ethiopia East Shewa 1050 9.015611 Fantale 15 39.85583 Fantale 3 2 7 3 4 Oromiya 2024-06 VI H. Elmii. Somaliland Ethiopia 9.761059 1 42.68007 3 2 ETH099, ETH082 2 1 1 2015-01-17 T Mazuch Ethiopia 1662 9.883611 Awdal 21 43.19889 3 2 1 1 2019-07-01 No. & F. KovarIk Ethiopia 515 10.584444 Jidhi village 15 43.03803 3 2 2 1 1 2019-06-30 VI No. & F. KovarIk Ethiopia 866 10.411833 Habas village 1 42.81114 3 2 1 1 2021-10-16 SM F. KovarIk. Ethiopia 1340 10.197473 Bown 1 43.062943 3 2 1 1