The tip of the iceberg: a distinctive new spotted-wing Megaselia species (Diptera: Phoridae) from a tropical cloud forest survey and a new, streamlined method for Megaselia descriptions Hartop, Emily A. Brown, Brian V. Biodiversity Data Journal 2014 2 4093 4093 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7ADB2743-C5BB-4515-A2E6-A26055B8CA61 Hartop Insecta Phoridae Megaselia CoL Animalia Megaselia shadeae Diptera 0 4093 Arthropoda species shadeae  Materials  Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 322007; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: San Jose; locality: Zurqui de Moravia; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 10.05°N, 84.01°W; decimalLatitude: 10.05; decimalLongitude: -84.01; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Brian Brown; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap #1; eventDate: 2013-06-14/21; Record Level: institutionCode: LACM; collectionCode: ENT; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen  Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 322008; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: San Jose; locality: Zurqui de Moravia; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 10.05°N, 84.01°W; decimalLatitude: 10.05; decimalLongitude: -84.01; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Brian Brown; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap #1; eventDate: 2013-06-14/21; Record Level: institutionCode: LACM; collectionCode: ENT; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen  Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 275333; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: San Jose; locality: Zurqui de Moravia; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 10.05°N, 84.01°W; decimalLatitude: 10.05; decimalLongitude: -84.01; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Brian Brown; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap #1; eventDate: 2012-09-12/18; Record Level: institutionCode: LACM; collectionCode: ENT; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen  Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 275324; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: San Jose; locality: Zurqui de Moravia; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 10.05°N, 84.01°W; decimalLatitude: 10.05; decimalLongitude: -84.01; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Brian Brown; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap #1; eventDate: 2012-09-12/19; Record Level: institutionCode: LACM; collectionCode: ENT; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen  Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: 326547; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Megaseliashadeae Hartop 2014; Location: country: Costa Rica; stateProvince: San Jose; locality: Zurqui de Moravia; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 10.05°N, 84.01°W; decimalLatitude: 10.05; decimalLongitude: -84.01; georeferenceProtocol: GPS; Identification: identifiedBy: Brian Brown; dateIdentified: 2014; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap #1; eventDate: 2012-09-12/20; Record Level: institutionCode: LACM; collectionCode: ENT; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen  Description See Table 2, Figs 2, 3, 4, 5.  Diagnosis Wing with darkly-pigmented central swelling in center. Fork formed by wing veins R2+3 and R4+5 greatly enlarged. The central wing spot makes this different from all other described Neotropical species with the single exception of M. dicksoni( Wakeford and Disney 1994), from which it differs in having a bubbled and pigmented, rather than a scaled, wing spot.  Etymology Named for E. A. Hartop's niece, Shade Zehendner.  Distribution Known from a single site in Costa Rica.  Biology Unknown.  Taxon discussion A primary key to Neotropical species of Megaseliawas given by Borgmeier (1962), who supplemented his original key with two additional keys to Neotropical species ( Borgmeier 1969a, Borgmeier 1971), and a key to Dominican species ( Borgmeier 1969b). In Borgmeier (1962), this species keys to couplet 62 of the group VII key where it differs immediately from both M. notipennisand M. phoebeby the presence of a wing spot. Neotropical species of Megaseliadescribed subsequent to Borgmeier'skeys are given by Boesi et al. (2006), Brown and Horan (2011), Kung and Brown (2004), Disney (1982), Disney (1989), Disney (1995), Disney and Berghoff (2007), Disney and Rettenmeyer (2007), Disney and Rettenmeyer (2010), Disney and Sakai (2001), Disney and Sinclair (2008), Disney and Weinmann (1998), Downie et al. (1995), Gonzalez et al. (2002), Wakeford and Disney (1994), Weinmann and Disney (1997), and Woolf (1998). This species is easily distinguished from all of these described species except M. dicksoni( Wakeford and Disney 1994) by the presence of a central wing spot. In practice, M. shadeaeis differentiated easily from M. dicksoniby the composition of the characteristic wing spot. In M. shadeae, the wing spot is pigmented wing membrane, whereas in M. dicksonithe wing spot is composed of a patch of pigmented scales. Three genera that have been synonymized (or partially synonymized) with Megaseliathat contain Neotropical fauna are PericycloceraSchmitz, ParaphiochaetaMalloch, and PlastophoraBrues. The species herein described is easily distinguished from species once classified in these genera by presence of the wing spot. 2013-06-14/21 Malaise trap 1 LACM, ENT Costa Rica 10.05 Zurqui de Moravia -84.01 0 4093 322007 1 1 Holotype 2013-06-14/21 Malaise trap 1 LACM, ENT Costa Rica 10.05 Zurqui de Moravia -84.01 0 4093 322008 1 1 Paratype 2012-09-12/18 Malaise trap 1 LACM, ENT Costa Rica 10.05 Zurqui de Moravia -84.01 0 4093 275333 1 1 Paratype 2012-09-12/19 Malaise trap 1 LACM, ENT Costa Rica 10.05 Zurqui de Moravia -84.01 0 4093 275324 1 1 Paratype 2012-09-12/20 Malaise trap 1 LACM, ENT Costa Rica 10.05 Zurqui de Moravia -84.01 0 4093 326547 1 1 Paratype