Taxonomy of Paraplatyarthrus Javidkar and King (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Paraplatyarthridae) with description of five new species from Western Australia, and comments on Australian Trichorhina Budde-Lunde, 1908 (Platyarthridae) Javidkar, Mohammad King, Rachael A. Cooper, Steven J. B. Humphreys, William F. Austin, Andrew D. Zootaxa 2017 4243 3 401 431 4D8WK Javidkar and King Javidkar and King [151,791,1236,1262] Malacostraca Paraplatyarthridae Paraplatyarthrus GBIF,CoL Animalia Isopoda 8 409 Arthropoda species crebesconiscus sp. nov.  urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:770E92F4-8569-49BA-B9C7-FB5630513FEE     Typematerial.  Holotype: Male, WAMC 54789 (BES16478.3), Halfpenny Wellcalcrete, Millbillilliepastoral station, Eastern Murchison region,  WesternAustralia, Australia, 27.69661°S, 121.33953°E,  Oct 2011, coll. W. F. Humphreys& S. J. B. Cooper.  Paratypes: 3 females (WAM C 54790, BES16478.2; WAM C 54791, BES16478.4; WAM C 54792, BES16478.5),  1 male( WAMC 54793, BES16478.1) (same locality and collection data as holotype); 1 female (WAM C 66918, BES15072.1) (same calcrete as holotype), 27.69661°S, 121.33953°E, Mar 2009, coll. W. F. Humphreys & S.J.B. Cooper;  1 female( WAMC 66919, BES15073), Nambicalcrete, Eastern Murchison region,  WesternAustralia, Australia, 28.22232°S, 121.82014°E,  Mar 2009, coll. W.F. Humphreys& S.J.B. Cooper;  1 female( WAMC 66920, BES17224.1), Laverton Downs Calcrete-Windarra, Eastern Murchison region,  WesternAustralia, Australia, 28.50517°S, 122.18038°E,  May 2012, coll. W.F. Humphreys& S.J.B. Cooper;  1 specimen, Genderindeterminate ( WAMC 66917, BES15072) (same calcrete as holotype), 27.69661°S, 121.33953°E,  Mar 2009, coll. W.F. Humphreys& S.J.B. Cooper;  1 specimen, Genderindeterminate ( WAMC 66921, BES17224.2), Laverton Downs Calcrete-Windarra, Eastern Murchison region,  WesternAustralia, Australia, 28.50517°S, 122.18038°E,  May 2012, coll. W.F. Humphreys& S.J.B. Cooper.   Diagnosis.Eyes with 5 ommatidia. Cephalic lateral lobes not developed. Male pleopod 1 exopodite with weak posterior point.   Description. Male(WAM C 54789). Bodylength 2.7 mm, cephalon and posterior body weakly pigmented. Cephalic lateral lobes small. Eyes with 5 black ommatidia.   FIGURE 7.  Paraplatyarthrus crebesconiscus  sp. nov., (Holotype, ♂), A, pleopod 1 endopodite; B, pleopod 1 exopodite; C, pleopod 2 endopodite; D, pleopod 2 exopodite; E, pleopod 3 exopodite; F, pleopod 4 exopodite; G, pleopod 5 exopodite. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.  Antenna 1with medial article shortest, distal article longest ( Fig. 5A). Antenna 2flagellum with basal article shorter, about 1/3 length of distal article ( Fig. 5B).  Left mandiblepars molaris ( Fig. 5C) with 6 to 7 plumose setae; hairy lobe bearing 2 plumose setae. Right mandiblepars molaris with about 6 plumose setae; 1 plumose seta on hairy lobe. Maxilla 1outer endite ( Fig. 5D) with outer group of 4 teeth covering about 65% of marginal area, inner group of 3 cleft teeth, 1 simple and 1 stalklike tooth; inner endite ( Fig. 5E) with 2 very fine setae on subapical outer marginal corner. Maxilla 2( Fig. 5F) apically bilobate; inner lobe comparatively smaller than outer one; inner and outer lobes delimited by fine suture. Maxillipedalendite with 1 large seta close to subapical inner corner; distal articles of palp with 1 large proximal seta, medial tuft of 2 large and 1 small setae and apical tuft of probably 2 long setae ( Fig. 5G).  Epimeron 1rounded anteriorly. In dorsal view, posterolateral corner of pereonites 1–4rounded. Posterolateral corner of pereonites 5–7posteriorly directed ( Fig. 20B). Pleonal epimeron 5reaching (but not surpassing) uropodal sympodite. Noduli lateraleswith D/C ratios not constant in tergites 1–7.  Pereopod 1( Fig. 6A) carpus inner margin densely covered with long serrate setae, tuft of fine setae present medially near distal margin; propodus with both small simple and large serrate setae; dactylus with long seta not exceeding claws, outer claw relatively straight, with small depression on medial part. Pereopod 7( Fig. 6B) carpus not showing any sexual dimorphism.  Pleonoutline continuous with pereon. Pleopod 1endopodite ( Fig. 7A) slender, with simple apex, medial margin with group of fine setae, very fine setae also close to tip of endopodite; exopodite ( Fig. 7B) heart-shaped with posterior point not developed. Genital papilla ( Fig. 6C) ventral sheath apically pointed, surpassed by long rounded lobe. Pleopod 2endopodite ( Fig. 7C) with distal half slender, not reaching to posterior apex of pleopod 4 exopodite. Pleopod 2–5exopodites ( Fig. 7D–G) with 4 to 5 cleft and simple long setae. Pleotelsontriangular and pointed. Uropodalexopodites surpassing pleotelson; endopodites slightly exceeding pleotelson; uropodal sympodite with elongated circumflex-shaped incision.   Etymology.The species name is composed of the Latin word ‘crebesco’ (meaning widespread) and ‘oniscus’, referring to its comparatively widespread distribution in the calcrete aquifers.   Remarks.  Paraplatyarthrus crebesconiscus  sp. nov.appears in the same clade with  P. nahidae  sp. nov.( Fig. 1) from which it has a 12.3% COIdivergence (Appendix 1). Unlike  P. nahidae, the body is semi-pigmented to pale, cephalic lobes are not developed on the head, and male pleopod 1 exopodite has a weak posterior point. The body length varies between 2.7 mmand 3.5 mm. Some individuals have slightly stronger pigmentation on the dorsal body ( Fig. 2A). It has been recorded from calcrete aquifers at Halfpenny Well (Millbillillie pastoral station), Nambi pastoral station and Laverton Downs pastoral station (Mt Windarra), and the EasternMurchison region of  Western Australia. 1440156643 2011-10 WAM W. F. Humphreys & S. J. B. Cooper Australia Eastern Murchison region -27.69661 Male 1 121.33953 Millbillillie 8 409 2 Western Australia holotype 1440156631 [320,1321,1522,1547] WAM 8 409 1 1 holotype 1440156645 2009-03 WAM W. F. Humphreys & S. J. B. Cooper Australia -28.22232 Nambi 1 121.82014 Eastern Murchison region 8 409 1 1 Western Australia holotype 1440156646 2012-05 WAM W. F. Humphreys & S. J. B. Cooper Australia -28.50517 Laverton Downs Calcrete-Windarra 1 122.18038 Eastern Murchison region 8 409 1 1 Western Australia holotype 1440156634 2009-03 WAM W. F. Humphreys & S. J. B. Cooper Australia -27.69661 Gender 1 121.33953 8 409 1 Western Australia holotype 1440156639 2012-05 WAM W. F. Humphreys & S. J. B. Cooper Australia Eastern Murchison region -28.50517 Gender 1 122.18038 Laverton Downs Calcrete-Windarra 8 409 1 Western Australia holotype