Chalcinus güntheri Garman, 1890:4 Eigenmann, 1912:377 Chalcinus rotundatus Triportheus güntheri Fowler, 1945:153-154 Triportheus guentheri Fowler, 1950:359 T. rotundatus Chalcinus guentheri Fowler, 1975:296 Triportheus rotundatus Revision of the Neotropical genus Triportheus Cope, 1872 (Characiformes: Characidae) Malabarba, Maria Claudia S. L. Neotropical Ichthyology 2004 2004-12-31 2 4 167 204 58Z4B (Garman, 1890) Garman 1890 [261,684,1250,1274] Actinopterygii Triportheidae Triportheus Animalia Characiformes 21 188 Chordata species guentheri   Fig.15      Chalcinus güntheri Garman, 1890:4. (description, type-locality: rio São Francisco).   Eigenmann, 1912:377(as synonym of  Chalcinus rotundatus).    Triportheus güntheri.  Fowler, 1945:153-154(listed).    Triportheus guentheri.  Fowler, 1950:359(synonym of  T. rotundatus).    Chalcinus guentheri.  Fowler, 1975:296(synonym of  Triportheus rotundatus).   Diagnosis.A deep-bodied  Triportheusspecies reaching 133.7 mmof SL (depth at dorsal-fin origin, 28.2-37.0, mean = 33.4% SL, n = 26); depth at pectoral-fin insertion, 29.3-34.9, mean = 32.2% SL, n = 25). The presence of 2 longitudinal scale rows between the pectoral-fin insertion and the ventral keel distinguish this species from  Triportheusspecies with elongate bodies that have 1 longitudinal scale row between the pectoral-fin insertion and the ventral keel.  Triportheus guentheridiffers from all other deep-bodied congeners in the higher number of gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (52- 57, mean = 54.8, n = 26).   Description.Morphometric data for  Triportheus guentheripresented in Table 11. Body deep and compressed laterally. Greatest body depth located slightly posterior to vertical through pectoral-fin insertion. Dorsal profile of head very slightly convex from snout to rear of head. Dorsal profile of body gently curved from rear of head to dorsal-fin origin; posteroventrally slanted and slightly convex from dorsal-fin origin to caudal peduncle; slightly curved along caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head straight from tip of lower lip to anteroventral margin of dentary; slanted from that point to isthmus. Ventral profile of body arched from isthmus to pelvic-fin insertion; slightly convex from pelvic-fin insertion to anal-fin origin; posterodorsally slanted along anal-fin base; slightly curved along caudal peduncle. Prepelvic region very expanded ventrally and flattened, with well developed keel. Head bluntly rounded in profile; posterior margin of opercle falling short of vertical through pectoral-fin insertion. Snout margin vertically straight. Mouth terminal; lower jaw as long as upper jaw. Nostrils of each side close together; anterior opening circular; posterior elongate. Gill rakers thin and close together, length equivalent to that of branchial filaments; gill rakers on lower limb of first arch 52- 57 [50] (mean = 54.8, n = 26). Teeth on premaxilla in 3 rows; teeth of inner row largest. Four or 5 tricuspidate teeth in outer row; outer row teeth arranged along external margin of mouth and visible externally in closed mouth. Medial tooth row with 3 tricuspidate teeth. Six, rarely 7, multicuspidate teeth on inner row of premaxilla. Maxilla with 0-2 flattened teeth, smaller than those on premaxilla. Teeth on lower jaw in 2 rows. Outer row with 4-5 larger anterior teeth, followed by 4-6 smaller teeth. Inner row consisting of conical symphyseal tooth. Scales cycloid, thin, large. Lateral line distinctly decurved ventrally, completely pored from supracleithrum to base of caudal-fin rays. Thirty to 33 (mean = 32.1, n = 20) scales in lateral line; 5 scale series above lateral line; 2 scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin insertion. Two scale rows between pectoral-fin insertion and midventral keel; 4-5 scale series on caudal peduncle. Scale series along middorsal line irregular, 6-13 scales from supraoccipital process to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal-fin rays ii,9; anal-fin rays iii,27-32 [29] (mean = 30.5, n = 20); pectoral-fin rays i,11-12 [10]; pelvic-fin rays i,6. Dorsal-fin base situated on posterior one-half of body; base of last dorsal-fin ray located anterior to vertical through anal-fin origin; first branched ray longest with following rays slightly decreasing in length. Pectoral fin pointed, tip reaching vertical through distal one-third of pelvic fin. Anal fin margin straight; first branched anal-fin ray longest; following rays gradually decreasing in length. Margin of caudal fin emarginate; median caudal-fin rays not extended beyond the posterior margin of fin. Scales cover basal one-third of fin. Total vertebrae [37].   Fig. 15.  Triportheus guentheri, MCP14037, 133.7 mm SL, Brazil, Minas Gerais, rio São Francisco, Represa de Três Marias.   Table 11.Morphometrics of  Triportheus guentheri. Ranges include measurements of non-type specimens: MZUSP 20436 (2), MZUSP 19663 (13 of 24), MCP 14037 (3 of 16), MCP 16710 (3 of 30), FMNH 56494 (5).  PROOFS  Coloration in alcohol.Overall ground color yellowish with silver. Snout and dorsal portion of head darker. Scattered dark chromatophores located posterodorsal and posterior to orbit on infraorbitals 5 and 6 and opercle. Longitudinal dark stripe extends from supracleithrum to caudal peduncle. Stripe broadened into diffuse dark spot on lateral surface of caudal peduncle. Body darker above stripe. Dark chromatophores scattered over all fins. Caudal fin outlined by dark pigmentation.   Distribution.Rio São Francisco basin ( Fig. 8).   Remarks. Garman (1890:4-5)stated that  C. brachypomus Günther, 1864“is so different in essential aspects from that of Valenciennes [  C. brachipomus] that the two cannot be considered identical” and consequently that the material reported on by Günther (1864)represented a new species “  Chalcinus güntheri”. Garman provided a brief diagnosis with counts of the dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins as well as the lateral-line scales (D. 11, A. 28, V. 7, L.l. 34), that seems to be a copy of the description of  C. brachypomusby Günther (1864). In the description that follows this diagnosis, Garman, however, described a specimen (“Taking one from the San Francisco river as a typical specimen,...”) with counts different that those reported for  C. brachypomusby Günther (1864)most notably the counts of anal-fin rays and lateral-line scales. The specimen discussed by Garman is then the holotype of  Triportheus guentheriwhich differs from  Chalcinus brachipomusValenciennes, 1850. In the same paper, Garman (1890:3)considered, “  C. brachipomusVal.” to be synonym of  C. angulatusand different from “ C.  brachypomusGünther”. Later authors erroneously refer  Chalcinus brachypomusas a junior synonym of  Triportheusguentheri, following Garman (1890).  Günther (1864:341)presented a new spelling [  brachypomus] for  Chalcinus brachipomusValenciennes, 1850, described from Mana, EssequiboRiver.    Type material.  Chalcinus guentheri, holotype, MCZ 21173, 105.9 mmSL, Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Francisco river, ‘below the falls” [probably near Pirapora, Brazil], F.C. Hartt, 1867 (Pirapora coordinates 17°21’S, 44°56’W].   Type-material remarks. Garman (1890:1)cited his studied material as having been collected by the Thayer Expedition and deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Eschmeyer (1998:686)considered three uncatalogued BMNH specimens as syntypesof  C. guentheri, which the type-locality as Essequiboand São Francisco based on the argument that Garman did not clearly designate a type. However,  T. guentheriwas based on one specimen (MCZ 21173) from rio São Francisco (“Taking one from San Francisco river as a typical specimen”) and as such the BMNH specimens are not syntypes.  Non-type material.   Brazil: Bahia: MZUSP 20436(2), Represa de Sobradinho( 12°60’S, 38°59’W);  MCP16710 (3 of 30), Bom Jesus da Lapa, riacho Santana, 31 kmfrom Bom Jesus da Lapa( 13º31’S, 43º21’W).  Minas Gerais: MZUSP 19663(13 of 24), Represa de Três Marias( 18°40’S, 45°15’W);  MCP14037 (3 of 16), rio São Francisco, Represa de Três Marias( 18°40’S, 45°15’W).  Alagoas: FMNH 56494(5), Penedo( 10°16’S, 36°35’W). 5220462474 MCZ F. C. Hartt Brazil -17.35 Sao Francisco river 1279 -44.933334 Pirapora 22 189 MCZ 21173 1 Minas Gerais holotype 5220462422 MZUSP Brazil -13.0 Represa de Sobradinho 1291 -38.983334 23 190 MZUSP 20436 1 Bahia 5220462416 MCP Brazil Bom Jesus da Lapa -13.516666 Bom Jesus da Lapa 1290 -43.35 Santana 23 190 1 Bahia 5220462539 MZUSP Brazil -18.666666 Represa de Tres Marias 1274 -45.25 23 190 MZUSP 19663 1 Minas Gerais 5220462382 MCP Brazil -18.666666 Represa de Tres Marias 1274 -45.25 rio Sao Francisco 23 190 1 Minas Gerais 5220462476 FMNH Brazil -10.266666 Penedo 1298 -36.583332 23 190 FMNH 56494 1 Alagoas