Raphidia margaritacea Fischer von Waldheim, 1834: 330 . Holotype or syntypes : sex and depositary unknown. Type locality: Brazil Solving taxonomic and nomenclatural problems among the Neotropical species of the family Mantispidae (Insecta, Neuroptera) Pires Machado, Renato Jose Li, Hongyu Ohl, Michael Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2025 2025-06-24 72 1 57 83 4RKCK Fischer von Waldheim Fischer von Waldheim 1834 Insecta Mantispidae Raphidia Animalia Neuroptera Arthropoda species margaritacea      Raphidia margaritacea  Fischer von Waldheim, 1834: 330.  Holotypeor syntypes: sex and depositary unknown. Type locality: Brazil   Notes. This species was described by Fischer von Waldheim (1834)in his study about the Orthoptera and Neuropterafrom Brazil. The description is very brief and not very informative and the type series is apparently lost, as shown by Ohl (2004). After the original description, the first paper to mention  R. margaritaceawas Hagen (1861), who synonymized it under  Mantispa viridulaErichson, which was later followed by Hagen (1866), Berg (1899)and Penny (1977). Poivre (1982)transferred the species to the genus  EntanoneuraEnderleinwithout justification. In the revision of the Mantispidaefrom the Brazilian Amazon, Penny (1982)synonymized both  M. viridulaand  R. margaritaceaunder  Mantispa minuta(Fabricius), now in  Zeugomantispa. The synonymy of  R. margaritaceaunder  Z. minutawas followed by many subsequent authors ( Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995; Ohl 2004; Ardila-Camacho and García 2015; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018) and it is the most accepted placement today ( Oswald 2024). The first species with which  R. margaritaceawas synonymized,  M. viridula, is now considered a synonym of  Z. virescens(Rambur)(see Ohl 2004for more details). Later, Machado and Rafael (2010)during their study of the Brazilian Mantispidae, noted that what was previously treated as  M. minutain the Brazilian fauna ( sensu Penny 1982; Penny and Costa 1983; Carvalho and Corseuil 1995) was actually  Z. virescensand not  Z. minuta, based on the taxonomic arrangement proposed by Hoffman (2002). Despite being present in some neighboring countries, like Colombiaand Venezuela,  Z. minutais still not recorded from Brazil( Machado and Martins 2022). In this sense, based on the fact that the type series of  R. margaritaceais from Brazil, and that it was firstly synonymized under  M. viridula, it makes sense to associate  R. margaritaceawith  Z. virescensand not with  Z. minuta. Furthermore, if this assumption is true, the oldest name of this species that would prevail would be  R. margaritacea, and the current accepted name of this species would have to change. However, the lack of the type material of  R. margaritaceamakes it impossible to finally decide on the taxonomic status of this species. Since its original description is also quite uninformative, we are herein considering the species as a nomen dubiumpotentially in  Zeugomantispa. 5197428318 Brazil Brazil 2 holotype