New species of Daidalotarsonemus and Excelsotarsonemus (Acari, Tarsonemidae) from the Brazilian rainforest Rezende, Jose Marcos Lofego, Antonio Carlos Ochoa, Ronald Bauchan, Gary ZooKeys 2015 475 1 36 http://zoobank.org/101417BE-223C-4746-9107-05528AD1A7F8 Rezende, Lofego & Ochoa Arachnida Tarsonemidae Excelsotarsonemus GBIF Animalia Excelsotarsonemus caravelis Trombidiformes 10 11 Arthropoda species caravelis  Taxon classification Animalia Trombidiformes Tarsonemidae   Diagnosis. Females of this species resemble those of Excelsotarsonemus kimhansenaeOchoa & OConnor because of the shape of dorsal setae v1, sc2, c1 and c2, and the ornamentation pattern on the prodorsum; but they are distinguished by the asymmetric shape of setae e and the U-shaped cerotegument accumulation between prodorsum and tergite C in Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n., whereas setae e are orbicular and smooth and tergite C surface is smoother in Excelsotarsonemus kimhansenae. The accumulation of the cerotegument between the tergites was easily noticed in all microscopy techniques used (Fig. 16), and it is being considered a taxonomic feature, useful for distinguishing these species.  Adult female (5 specimens measured). Gnathosoma (Figs 17, 20, 21A-B): completely covered by prodorsum. Subtriangular in ventral view, length 22 (21-24), maximum width 17 (16-19); dorsal apodeme distinct. Setae dgs 7 (7-8) and vgs 5 (5-6) smooth; palps moderately short 6-8 (7), with 2 small subterminal setae and terminal projections. Pharynx fusiform, 15 (15-16) long and 6 (6) wide at maximum width. Gnathosoma, idiosoma and legs covered with tiny dimples, each 0.3 (0.2-0.5) in diameter. Idiosoma - dorsum (Figs 15-16): length 167 (166-168), width at level of c1 86 (84-90); prodorsal shield normally covering entire gnathosoma, with three external humps, broader proximally, central area with an inverted Y-shaped pattern. Stigma near lateral notch of the prodorsal shield, equidistant to the v1 and sc2 setal bases. Entire dorsum covered with cerotegument with a U-shaped cerotegument accumulating between the prodorsum and tergite C (Fig. 16). Tergite D with irregular bumps near setae d. Lengths of the setae: v1 29 (27-31), sc1 16 (14-18) (Fig. 21C), sc2 47 (45-49), c1 40 (40-41) (Fig. 21E), c2 9 (8-10), d 30 (28-32) (Fig. 21F), e 16 (16-17), f 36 (35-38) and h 13 (11-16). Maximum width of expanded setae: sc2 3 (3-4), c1 11 (11-12), d 22 (21-23), e 32 (31-33) and f 12 (11-13). All setae serrate, except for c2 which is smooth. Bothridial setae sc1 capitate with tiny spines; sc2 linear with a strong central furrow; setae c1 lanceolate, d ovate and f oblanceolate with serrate central veins; e each totally asymmetric (Figs 21G-H). Distances between dorsal setae: v1-v1 26 (24-29), sc2-sc2 46 (45-48), v1-sc2 15 (14-16), c1-c1 43 (41-45), c2-c2 89 (85-96), c1-c2 36 (34-38), d-d27 (27-28), f-f11 (9-13), e-f12 and h-h5 (4-7). Seta sc2 located anteriorly to sc1. Dorsal cupules not easily seen.  Idiosoma- venter (Figs 17-18): seta 1a 6 (6-7), posteriad of apodemes 1; 2a 9 (9-10), posterolaterad of apodemes 2; 3a 11 near anteriomedial margins of apodemes 3; 3b 8 (8-9) on posterior margins of apodemes 4. Apodeme 1 conspicuous and fused to anterior end of prosternal apodeme. Apodeme 2 short and not fused to prosternal apodeme. Prosternal apodeme conspicuous from junction with apodeme 1 near middle of sejugal apodeme portion. Sejugal apodeme uninterrupted with several small indentations. Apodeme 3 with a constriction near anterior end, extending diagonally from proximity of base of seta 3a to anterior margin of trochanter III; apodeme 4 extending diagonally from the middle of the poststernal apodeme to base of seta 3b. Poststernal apodeme bifurcated anteriorly. Tegula wide 16 (15-17) and very short, 4 (4-5) (Fig. 21I), posterior margin slightly arched. Setae ps 17 (16-19) smooth. Legs (Fig. 19): lengths (measured from femur to tarsus): leg I 42 (42-43), leg II 40 (39-41), leg III 92 (89-95), leg IV 32 (31-35). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: leg I: 3-4-5(2)-7(1), legII: 3-3-4-4(1), leg III: 2+2-4-4. Claws medium-sized (not reduced) and hooked. Empodia of the legs I, II and III about the same size or slightly smaller compared to the respective basal stalks. Tarsal solenidion ωof tibiotarsus I 4 (4-5), stout, wider medially. Sensory cluster of tibia I complete (Fig. 21D), solenidion φ1 4 (4-5), slender, capitate; solenidion φ2 3, robust, slightly capitate; famulus k 6; all those inserted at approximately in the same level. Seta d of tibia I 23 (22-24), serrate. Solenidion ωof tarsus II proximally inserted, 4 long, stout, wider medially. Seta d of tibia II 17 (17-18), serrate. Femorogenu IV 18 (16-20); tibiotarsus IV 9 (9-10). Length of leg IV setae: v'F 8 (8-9), v'G 10 (10-11), v'Ti 23 (22-24) and tc" 31 (29-33); setae v'Ti and tc" smooth; v'Ti falcate.  Adult male. Unknown.  Type material. Holotype female and 4 paratype females on Theobroma cacaoL., 14°47'45"S; 39°10'18"W, Ilheus, State of Bahia, Brazil, 10/IX/2012, A.C. Lofego and J.M. Rezende. Holotype and 3 paratypes are deposited in the DZSJRP and 1 paratype is deposited in the USNM.  Etymology. The region where this mite was found is the same place as the first Portuguese explorers arrived in Brazil, at the end of 15th century. On their trip, they used caravels, which had big sails. The name caravelis is used because several dorsal setae of this mite species are held in the upright position resembling those sails.   Note. Setae f has a unique modification as it is oblanceolate dorsal view, with four faces attached by the main vein, giving a deep concavity at either site, with a central furrow dorsally shoe-like; all margins serrate (Fig. 21H). Similar setal complex modification has been observed in Excelsotarsonemus mariposa(setae d, f and e) and other Excelsotarsonemusand Daidalotarsonemusspecies under DIC. However, it is under the LT-SEM that we can understand their complexity.  Figure 15. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). Dorsal surface.  Figure 16. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). Dorsal micrographs. A phase contrast B differential interference contrast C low temperature scanning electron microscopy.  Figure 17. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). Ventral surface.  Figure 18. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). Ventral micrographs. A phase contrast B differential interference contrast C low temperature scanning electron microscopy.  Figure 19. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). A leg I B leg II C leg III D leg IV.  Figure 20. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). Detail of the gnathosoma.  Figure 21. Excelsotarsonemus caravelissp. n. (female). A gnatosoma B detail of the palps C Bothridial seta sc1D sensorial cluster of tibia I E seta c1F seta dG tergites D, E, F, H and posterior setae H setae e, f and hI tegula.  Figure 22. Excelsotarsonemus tupisp. n. (female). Dorsal surface (arrows indicate muscle attachments present over the body).