Tachyphonus rubrifrons Lawrence, 1865c: 106 Heterospingus rubrifrons (Lawrence, 1865) Hellmayr, 1936: 345 Storer, 1970: 288 Wetmore et al., 1984: 476–477 Sibley and Monroe, 1990: 744 Isler and Isler, 1999: 120–122 Tachyphonus cristatus fallax J.T. Zimmer Tachyphonus cristatus fallax J.T. Zimmer, 1945: 18 Tachyphonus cristatus fallax J.T. Zimmer, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 10. Passeriformes: Emberizidae: Emberizinae, Catamblyrhynchinae, Cardinalinae, Thraupinae, And Tersininae LeCroy, Mary Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2012 2012-06-21 2012 368 1 125 9G8C6 Lawrence Lawrence [161,551,1341,1364] Aves Thraupidae Tachyphonus Animalia Passeriformes 74 74 Chordata species rubrifrons      Tachyphonus rubrifrons Lawrence, 1865c: 106(line of the Pan. R. Road, near Lion Hill Station).  Now  Heterospingus rubrifrons(Lawrence, 1865). See  Hellmayr, 1936: 345,  Storer, 1970: 288,  Wetmore et al., 1984: 476–477,  Sibley and Monroe, 1990: 744, American Ornithologists’ Union, 1998: 575,  Isler and Isler, 1999: 120–122, and Dickinson, 2003: 814.   SYNTYPES:  AMNH 409460, male, collected by James McLeannanand John Galbraith,  AMNH 409461, female, collected by McLeannan;   AMNH 40962, female, collected by  McLeannan and Galbraith;   AMNH 40963, male, collected by McLeannan, all from near the Lion Hill Station, ca. 09.13N, 79.54W( Siegel and Olson, 2008), of the trans-Panama railway. Fromthe George N. Lawrence Collection.  COMMENTS: In the original description of  rubrifrons, Lawrencestated that the first specimen he received was marked as a male, but that he believed it might be the female of  T. xanthopygius. He had listed it (  Lawrence, 1861b: 331) as ‘‘  T. xanthopigius, Scl., ³. Irides reddish brown; quite rare.’’ This was probably AMNH 409463, as it was collected by McLeannan alone (as were all of the specimens reported in  Lawrence (1861b). Afterwards, he had received another male and two females. The second male, AMNH 40960, is the bird described as the male in the original description of  rubrifrons, as it is the specimen of the four that has the ‘‘front and part of crown dull red.’’ However, no type was designated, so all four specimensare syntypes, even though only AMNH 409460 and 409461 were marked ‘‘Type’’ by Lawrenceand only those had been included with the AMNH types. AMNH type labels have been added to the other two. All four specimenshad been marked  rubrifronsby Lawrence, and this had been marked out and  propinquusadded by him. The name  Tachyphonus propinquuswas introduced by  Lawrence (1867a: 94)as a replacement name for  T. rubrifrons. He thought the dull red on the forecrown of the described male to be the result of a stain caused by some food item and considered the name ‘‘  rubrifrons’’ therefore to be inappropriate. However, inappropriateness is not a reason to reject a name (ICZN, 1999: 21, Art. 18; p. 109, G), and the name  rubrifronsis the valid name (ICZN, 1999: 26, Art. 23.3.7). Hellmayr (1936: 345)listed  propinquusas a synomym of  rubrifrons.      Tachyphonus cristatus fallaxJ.T. Zimmer   Tachyphonus cristatus fallaxJ.T. Zimmer, 1945: 18 (Puerto Indiana, mouth of the Río Napo, Perú). Now  Tachyphonus cristatus fallaxJ.T. Zimmer,  1945, See Storer, 1970: 289–290, and Dickinson, 2003: 805.    HOLOTYPE:  AMNH 232913, adult male, collected at Puerto Indiana, ca. 03.28S, 73.03W( Stephens and Traylor, 1983), mouth of the Rio Napo, Loreto, Peru, on  3 August 1926, by Carlos Olallaand sons.   COMMENTS: Zimmercited the AMNHnumber of the holotypein the original description and listed the specimens he examined ( Zimmer, 1945: 19). Paratypesare: Ecuador, Rio Suno, above Avila,  AMNH 179786–179790, three males, two females,  1–13 February 1923; below San Jose´,  AMNH 183267, male,  3 April 1924,  AMNH 183272, female,  18 April 1924;  lower Rio Suno,  AMNH 183270, female,  14 March 1924; mouth of Lagarto Cocha,  AMNH 256990, male,  17 January 1926;   AMNH 257126, female,  15 January 1926, all the the foregoing collected by the Olallas;  El Loreto,  AMNH 510816, male, 1896, from the Dalmas Collectionvia the Rothschild Collection;  Sarayacu,  AMNH 510817,  510818, males, undated, Buckley Collectionvia the Rothschild Collection. Peru, Sarayacu, Rio Ucayali,  AMNH 238651, male,  14 July 1927, collected by the Olallas; mouth of the Rio Curaray,  AMNH 256983, 256984, 256986, 256988, 256989, four males, one female, collected in March, October,  December 1925, and  January 1926, all collected by the Olallas;  Rio Mazan,  AMNH 407295, female, no date, from the Bassler Collection. See Wiley (2010)for details concerning the Olalla’s collecting localities in Peruand Ecuador. AMNH James McLeannan & John Galbraith & McLeannan 74 74 AMNH 409460, AMNH 409461 1 syntype [161,619,1737,1759] AMNH 74 74 AMNH 40962 1 syntype AMNH McLeannan & From & George N. & Collection 9.13 Lion Hill Station 780 -79.54 74 74 AMNH 40963 1 1926-08-03 AMNH Peru Carlos Olalla 75 75 -3.28 Puerto Indiana 784 -73.03 Rio Napo 74 74 AMNH 232913 1 Loreto holotype 1923-02-01 1923-02-13 1923-02-01 AMNH Avila Ecuador Rio Suno Zimmer 75 75 AMNH 179786-179790 2 1 1 holotype 1924-04-03 1924-04-18 1924-04-03 AMNH Ecuador San Jose' 75 75 AMNH 183267, AMNH 183272 1 holotype 1924-03-14 AMNH Ecuador lower Rio Suno 75 75 AMNH 183270 1 holotype 1926-01-17 AMNH Ecuador Lagarto Cocha 75 75 AMNH 256990 1 holotype 1926-01-15 AMNH Olallas Ecuador 75 75 AMNH 257126 1 holotype AMNH Dalmas Collection & Rothschild Collection Ecuador El 75 75 AMNH 510816 1 Loreto holotype 1927-07-14 AMNH Olallas Peru Sarayacu Rothschild Collection. Buckley Collection 75 75 AMNH 510817, 510818, AMNH 238651 1 Ucayali holotype 1925-12 1926-01 1925-12 AMNH March & October & Olallas Peru Rio Curaray 75 75 AMNH 256983, 256984, 256986, 256988, 256989 2 1 1 Ucayali holotype AMNH Bassler Collection Peru Rio Mazan 75 75 AMNH 407295 1 Ucayali holotype