Xylopia capuronii Cavaco & Keraudren A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands Johnson, David M. Murray, Nancy A. Adansonia 2020 2020-02-05 42 1 1 88 5CLZX Cavaco & Keraudren Cavaco & Keraudren 1956 [939,1370,886,913] Magnoliopsida Annonaceae Xylopia Plantae Magnoliales 52 51 Tracheophyta species capuronii ( Fig. 18A-D)    Bulletin de la Société botanique de France103: 274 (1956).— Type:   Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina[“ Domaine de l’Est’], forêt orientale, bassin de l’Anketrabe, affluent r. g. de la Rantabe, au N de Sahajinja, vers  700 md’alt.,  6.III.1954(fl.), Capuron 9110(holo-, P[P030372]!; iso-, P[P00697845, P030373, P030374, P030375]!, TEF[photo]!, WAG!).  MATERIAL EXAMINED. —   Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina.Forêt orientale, environs de la baie d’Antongil, bassin de la Fananehana, massif de l’Androrona [ c. 15°51’S, 49°30’15”SE], vers 700 md’altitude, II.1954(fl. bud, fr.), Capuron 8997(P[P01986985, P01986986, P01987227, P01987228, P01987229]); Antsinanana, Ambodiriana, Andrantambe, Rendrirendry, Betampona RNI, 17°55’27”S, 49°11’59”E,  414 m,  10.IV.2010(buds), Razakamalala et al. 5372(to be distributed to MO, P, TAN); forêt Tsikambolozatsy-Mananara, village Ankarany, Canton Antsirabe, Dist. Mandritsara, 13.IV.1956(st.), sine coll. 107-R-301(P[P01986987, P01986988]).  DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION STATUS. —  Xylopia capuroniioccurs in humid lowland forest at elevations of 414-700 min northeastern to eastern Madagascar( Fig. 28). Specimens with flowers or buds have been collected from February to April, and with fruits in February. A preliminary conservation assessment of Critically Endangered is assigned, based on IUCN Criterion D. The species has EOO and AOO values of 3846 km 2and 16 km 2, respectively. The typelocality appears to fall within the boundaries of the Makira Natural Park, but the species has not been re-collected there since 1956; the more recent collection from the Betampona Reserve both extends the known distribution of  X. capuroniisignificantly southward and indicates another population within a protected area.  LOCAL NAME. — Hazoambomena (Tsimihety, 107-R-301).  DESCRIPTION Treeup to 15 mtall; d.b.h. up to 45 cm.  Twigsdensely pubescent with persistent erect dull red hairs, the hairs 0.4-0.6 mmlong; nodes with a single axillary branch. Leaveswith larger blades 9.8-14.5 cmlong, 2.5-4.5 cmwide, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, slightly discolorous, olive gray and shiny adaxially, brownish gray and dull abaxially, narrowly oblong to elliptic, apex acuminate, the acumen 5-9 mmlong, base broadly cuneate, not decurrent on petiole, margin revolute, glabrous except for the pubescent midrib adaxially, densely dull red erect-pubescent abaxially, especially pronounced on the midrib and margins in vivo; midrib darkened abaxially; secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 12-16 per side, diverging at 50-80° from midrib, these and higher-order veins forming a slightly raised reticulum on both surfaces; petiole 5-10 mmlong, canaliculate, slightly wrinkled, densely dull red erect-pubescent.  Inflorescencesaxillary, 1-2-flowered, arising from axils on separate pedicels, densely covered with dull red hairs; pedicels 5-8 mmlong, 1.6-2 mmthick; bract 1, subtending the sepals, persistent or caducous, 4.2-4.5 mmlong, broadly ovate; buds ovoid, apex obtuse to short-acuminate.  Sepalserect or slightly spreading, c.1/3-connate, 5-6 mmlong, 6-7 mmwide, coriaceous, broadly ovate, apex obtuse, densely dull red-pubescent abaxially.  Petalswith color in vivoand position at anthesis unknown; outer petals 11-13 mmlong, 6.1-7.2 mmwide at the base, 3.3-4.4 mmwide at midpoint, fleshy, lanceolate, apex acute, covered with short appressed hairs and dense glandular punctations except for the glabrous base adaxially, appressed-pubescent abaxially; inner petals 10-10.5 mmlong, 5-6.1 mmwide at base, 1.7-2.2 mmwide at midpoint, fleshy, lanceolate, somewhat subulate, puberulent on both surfaces.  Stamensnumerous; staminal cone concealing the lower half of the ovaries.  Carpels c.18; ovaries c. 1 mmlong, narrowly ellipsoid, covered with long sparse white hairs, stigmas loosely connivent, 3 mmlong, covered with long white tangled ascending hairs.  Fruitof up to 9 monocarps borne on a pedicel 10-11 mmlong, c. 5 mmthick, pubescent; torus c. 10 mmin diameter, c. 7 mmhigh, irregularly depressed-globose; monocarps with color in vivounknown, 2.3-3.1 cmlong, 1.5-1.9 cmwide, 1.3-1.8 cmthick, oblong, obovoid, or pyriform, sometimes slightly torulose, apex rounded, base sessile but gradually narrowed to point of attachment, obliquely wrinkled, dull, sparsely dull red pubescent; pericarp c. 1.5 mmthick.  Seedsup to 6 per monocarp, in two rows, oblique to nearly perpendicular to long axis, 12.4-14 mmlong, 9-10.1 mmwide, 6-6.9 mmthick, flattened-ellipsoid, narrowly elliptic in cross-section, brown or olive-colored, finely pitted, dull or slightly shiny, perichalazal ring visible but not raised; presence of sarcotesta undetermined; aril absent.  NOTES   Xylopia capuroniimay be separated from other Madagascarspecies by the conspicuous dull red indument on all parts, as well as the coriaceous to subcoriaceous narrowly oblong to elliptic leaves with revolute margins. In the short broad petals, and the shortstipitate to sessile and slightly compressed monocarps it is most similar to  X. lokobensis, sp. nov., which has thinner leaves with flat margins, and a yellowish brown rather than dull red indument. 2632071735 1954-03-06 WAG de l'Est' & de l'Anketrabe & de la Rantabe Madagascar 700 Domaine de l'Est' 52 51 1 Toamasina holotype 2632071536 [949,1455,1085,1110] 52 51 2632071622 [813,1028,1112,1136] 52 51 2632071712 52 51 2632071531 2010-04-10 MO, TAN 414 -17.924166 21 49.199722 52 51 1 2632071454 52 51