A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Madagascar and the Mascarene islands Johnson, David M. Murray, Nancy A. Adansonia 2020 2020-02-05 42 1 1 88 D. M.Johnson & N. A.Murray D. M. Johnson & N. A. Murray 2020 Magnoliopsida Annonaceae Xylopia Plantae Magnoliales 75 74 Tracheophyta species marojejyana sp. nov. ( Fig. 25F-H)  Species resembling  Xylopia humbertiiin its elliptic subcoriaceous leaves with the blades decurrent on the petiole, but differing in the exfoliating bark of the twigs, the leaf blades 5.8-7.3 cmlong and 3.1-3.3 cmwide with a narrow sharp-pointed acumen 7-10 mmlong, and the conspicuous reticulum formed by the secondary and higher-order veins on the adaxial blade surface.  Xylopia humbertii, in contrast, lacks exfoliating bark on the twigs, has leaves 5.2-6.3 cmlong and 2.2-2.8 cmwide with a blunt acumen 3-5 mmlong, and the secondary and higher-veins only slightly raised and not conspicuous on the adaxial blade surface. The monocarps of  X. marojejyana, sp. nov., which are oblong, short-stipitate, and 4.0- 4.9 cmlong and 2.0- 2.3 cmwide with strong oblique wrinkles, will distinguish it from many other Malagasy  Xylopiaspecies.   TYPE. —   Madagascar. Prov. Antsiranana, Réserve naturelle de Marojejy, western slopes of Mt. Beondroka, 14°27’S, 49°47’E,  660-830 m,  23-24.X.1989(fr.),  Miller & Randrianasolo4423(holo-, MO).  DISTRIBUTION, ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION STATUS. —  Xylopia marojejyana, sp. nov., is known only from the Réserve Naturelle de Marojejy, where it was collected from the forested slopes of Mount Beondroka at an elevation of 660-830 meters ( Fig. 29). The Marojejy massif area has been documented as a center of plant microendemism, with endemic species from many different families represented. Most of the endemics, however, are typical of higher elevation vegetation, for example Weinmanniain the Cunoniaceae( Bradford & Miller 2001).The typespecimen with fruit only was collected in October. It has not been re-collected in 30 years. We give it a preliminary conservation assessment of Critically Endangered.  DESCRIPTION Tree 10 mtall.  Twigsglabrous, with exfoliating bark; nodes with one axillary branch.  Leaveswith larger blades 5.8-7.3 cmlong, 3.1-3.3 cmwide, subcoriaceous, slightly discolorous, dark brown adaxially, dull reddish brown abaxially, broadly elliptic, apex acuminate, the acumen 7-10 mmlong, base cuneate and long-decurrent on the petiole, margin flat, not revolute, glabrous on both surfaces; midrib concolorous with rest of blade adaxially, secondary veins weakly brochidodromous, 15-16 per side, diverging at c.60° from midrib, these and higher-order veins raised and forming a conspicuous reticulum adaxially, but only slightly raised and less distinct abaxially; petiole 4-5 mmlong, canaliculate, wrinkled, glabrous.  Inflorescences and flowersunknown.  Fruitof 4 monocarps borne on a pedicel c. 10 mmlong, c. 4 mmthick, glabrous; torus c. 10 mmin diameter, c. 5 mmhigh, depressed-globose; monocarps with green exterior in vivo, 4.0- 4.9 cmlong, 2.0- 2.3 cmwide, 1.4-1.8 cmthick, oblong to obovoid, not torulose, apex rounded, base contracted into a stipe 3-4 mmlong, 4-7 mmthick, finely verrucose, strongly and obliquely wrinkled, with scattered lenticellate patches, slightly shiny, glabrous; pericarp c. 1.7 mmthick.  Seeds c.6 per monocarp, in a single irregular row, oblique to perpendicular to long axis, c. 12 mmlong, 6 mmwide, ellipsoid, wedge-shaped in cross-section, light brown, smooth, dull, perichalazal ring not evident; presence of sarcotesta undeterminable; aril absent.  NOTES   Xylopia marojejyana, sp. nov., is superficially similar to  Xylopia lemurica, which occurs in nearby sites, but differs in the completely glabrous twigs with exfoliating bark and glabrous broader leaf blades with a pronounced raised vein reticulum on the adaxial surface. The monocarps differ from those of  X. lemuricain being thicker, more strongly wrinkled, and having short broad stipes. It is also similar to  X. humbertii, sharing the shiny subcoriaceous glabrous leaves. The typecollection of  X. humbertiihas only flowers and that of  X. marojejyana, sp. nov., only fruits, preventing more detailed comparison, but the vegetative features are sufficiently different to separate the two species. 2632071755 1989-10-23 1989-10-24 1989-10-23 MO Miller & Randrianasolo Madagascar 745 -14.45 Reserve naturelle de Marojejy 1288 49.783333 Antsiranana 75 74 1 Prov. Antsiranana holotype