Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa Filander, Zoleka N. Kitahara, Marcelo V. Cairns, Stephen D. Sink, Kerry J. Lombard, Amanda T. ZooKeys 2021 2021-10-28 1066 1 198 (Trochocyathus) sp. 2 sp. 2 Anthozoa Caryophylliidae Trochocyathus CoL Animalia Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus) Scleractinia 0 1 Cnidaria subGenus Trochocyathus   Fig. 6C-F  Material examined.  DEFF/SAEON_ A33997( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 39 kmfrom Cape Padrone/ 40 kmoff Boknes Estuary, 34°03'53.52"S, 26°42'11.58"E;   100 m. DSCS-INV 529 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 35 kmfrom Cape St. Francis/ 70 kmoff Slang Estuary, 34°47'05.0"S, 24°45'42.3"E;  392-418 mSAMC_A073141 ( 3 specimens): Easternmargin, 33 kmfrom Coffee Bay/  18 moff Ntlonyane Estuary, 32°16'41.88"S, 29°06'00.00"E;   300 m. SAMC_A073150 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 26 kmfrom Mazeppa Bay/ 33 kmoff Great Kei Estuary, 32°41'12.12"S, 28°43'54.12"E;  480- 490 m. SAMC_A073166 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 19 kmoff Port St. Johns/ 21 kmoff Bulolo Estuary, 31°45'00.00"S, 29°40'47.99"E;   125 m. SAMC_A073175 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 28 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 16 kmoff Hluleka Estuary, 31°55'58.79"S, 29°25'12.00"E;   300 m. SAMC_A073211 ( 3 specimens): Easternmargin, 5 kmfrom Cape Vidal/ 16 kmoff St Lucia Estuary, 28°08'24.00"S, 32°36'24.00"E;   165 m. SAMC_A073235 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC_A088920 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 38 kmfrom Cintsa/ 22 kmoff Cwili Estuary, 32°50'30.72"S, 28°30'41.33"E; 250-   226 m. SAMC_A088921 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E;  445- 463 m. SAMC_A088925 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E;  445- 463 m. SAMC_A088926 ( 8 specimens): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E;  445- 463 m. SAMC_A090146 ( 5 specimens): Southernmargin, 68 kmfrom Cape St. Francis/ 70 kmoff Slang Estuary, 34°47'35.77"S, 24°38'35.69"E;   520 m. SAMC_A090147 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E;  445- 463 m. SAM_H1243 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 11 kmfrom Infanta/ 12 kmoff Duiwenhoks Estuary, 34°27'00.00"S, 20°58'00.00"E;   47 m. SAM_H1370 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 28 kmfrom Gonubie/ 27 kmoff Buffalo Estuary, 33°09'29.99"S, 28°03'06.00"E;   86 m. SAM_H1384 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E;   95 m. SAM_H1388 ( 14 specimens): Southernmargin, 11 kmfrom East London/ 5 kmoff Gouda Estuary, 33°05'03.24"S, 27°49'33.40"E;  146- 238 m. SAM_H1391 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 24 kmfrom Cape Padrone/ 35 kmoff Boknes Estuary, 33°58'00.00"S, 26°21'00.00"E;   46 m. SAM_H1400 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 74 kmoff Cape St. Francis/ 83 kmoff Slang Estuary, 34°52'00.00"S, 24°56'59.99"E;   137 m. SAM_H1407 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E;   192 m. SAM_H1408 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 14 kmfrom Mazeppa Bay/ 20 kmoff Great Kei Estuary, 32°34'00.00"S, 28°33'00.00"E;   174 m. SAM_H1419 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 4 kmfrom Plettenberg Bay/ 7 kmoff Piesang Estuary, 34°06'00.00"S, 23°23'59.99"E;   146 m. SAM_H1443 ( 26 specimens): Southernmargin, 241 kmfrom Agulhas/ 247 kmoff De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36°40'00.00"S, 21°25'59.99"E;   200 m. SAM_H1487 ( 13 specimens): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E;   229 m. SAM_H3103 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E;  165- 183 m. SAM_H3106 ( 9 specimens): Southernmargin, 846 kmfrom Port St. Johns/ 842 kmoff Mkweni Estuary, 36°40'00.00"S, 21°25'59.99"E;   366 m. SAM_H3111 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 18 kmfrom Cape Vidal/ 27 kmoff Mfolozi Estuary, 28°16'18.00"S, 32°38'48.00"E;   670 m. SAM_H3114 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, 11 kmfrom East London/ 5 kmoff Gouda Estuary, 33°05'03.24"S, 27°49'33.40"E;  146- 238 m. SAM_H3116 ( 9 specimens): Easternmargin, 22 kmfrom Cape Vidal/ 28 kmoff Mfolozi Estuary, 28°17'23.99"S, 32°40'47.99"E;   550 m. SAM_H3170 ( 15 specimens): Easternmargin, 28 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 19 kmoff Bulungulu Estuary, 32°14'53.99"S, 29°10'23.99"E; 620-   560 m. SAM_H3172 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 29 kmfrom Mazeppa Bay/ 25 kmoff Kobole Estuary, 32°29'30.00"S, 28°57'06.00"E;  650- 700 m. SAM_H3173 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 47 kmfrom Port Alfred/ 14 kmoff Mgwalana Estuary, 33°30'18.00"S, 27°22'05.99"E;   80 m. SAM_H3175 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 30 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 20 kmoff Bulungulu Estuary, 32°15'00.00"S, 29°09'06.00"E; 520-   500 m. SAM_H3176 ( 3 specimens): Easternmargin, 30 kmfrom Scottburgh/ 20 kmoff Fafa Estuary, 30°33'24.00"S, 30°48'35.99"E;   690 m. SAM_H3830 ( 2 specimens): Westernmargin, 49 kmfrom Cape Point/ 51 kmoff Buffels Wes Estuary, 34°43'18.00"S, 18°12'29.99"E;  360- 365 m. SAM_H3832 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 14 kmfrom Cape Point/ 10 kmoff Buffels Wes Estuary, 34°13'59.99"S, 18°30'00.00"E;   42 m.  Description. Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, and attached to a variably sized pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.2-0.7). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.2), with serrate calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H1400) 17.4 x17.2 mm in CD, 6.0 mm in PD, and 39.6 mm in H. Costae prominent from calicular margin to base, ca. the same width as associated septa, equidistant, low, bearing small granules, and separated by thin intercostal furrows. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to formula S1> S2 ≥ S3> S4> S5> S6 (≤ 60 septa). S1 most exsert, independent, slightly wider than S2, and bearing straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. S2 slightly less exsert than S1, and extending slightly less to centre of calice with moderately sinuous axial margin. S3 equal or slightly smaller than S2, but have axial margin equally sinuous. S4 predominantly restricted to upper calice in specimens with four septal cycles, but dimorphic and variable in development half-systems bearing S5 or S5-6 (e.g., SAMC_A090146 = 6:6:12:24:10:2, SAM_H1407 = 6:6:12:24:12). In the latter, S4 closer to S1 have the same rudimentary profile as S5 and S4 flanked by S5 having a similar profile as S3 or slightly less wide. S4 axial margin coarsely dentated. If present, S6 restricted to calicular margin. S3-5 progressively less exsert than S1-2. Pali present before all but last septal cycle. P2 most recessed. P2-3 form a chevron-like pattern before S2, a pattern also taken by S4 flanked by S5 which sometimes bear pali. All septal and palar faces granulated. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of 17-30 rod elements which mostly are as high as pali elements.  Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Point extending towards Cape Vidal; 42-700 m.  Remarks. Although specimens examined closely resemble Trochocyathus (T.)sp. 1 cf.  T. rawsonii Guynia sensu Gardiner (1904)in having well-developed costae extending from the calicular margin to base, an often curved coralla, and the presence of S5,  Trochocyathussp. 2 occasionally has a pair of S6, even though the fifth cycle is incomplete (SAMC_A090146 = 6:6:12:24:10:2), and an independent S1 which extends further to the columella. Apart from that, the specimens reported herein differ from Trochocyathus (T.)sp. 1 cf.  T. rawsonii Guynia sensu Gardiner (1904)in having a systematic development of septal cycles (irrespective of an increase mm in CD). While this material may represent a new species of  Trochocyathus, a name will not be introduced until the intraspecific variation is better understood and compared with that from congeners.   Figure 6. A, B Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)sp. 1 (SAM_H1449, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) Acalicular view Blateral view C, F Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)sp. 2 C, D(SAM_H1388, East London, 90 m) Ccalicular view Clateral view E, F(SAM_H1407, off Mosselbaai, 192 m) Ecalicular view Flateral view G, L Trochocyathus( Trochocyathus Trochocyathus) sp. cf. Trochocyathus Trochocyathus rawsonii Guynia sensuCairns & Keller, 1993 G, J(SAM_H1440, off East London, 90 m) Gcalicular view Hlateral view Icalicular view Jlateral view. 1993 K, L(SAMC_A090156, off Sedgefield, 74 m) Kcalicular view Llateral view M, P Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)sp. 3 M, N(SAM_H3124, off East London, 90 m) Ocalicular view Plateral view O, P(BMNH 1939.7.20.47, off Richards Bay, 165 m) Ocalicular view Plateral view. Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm. A33997 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Boknes Estuary 100 -34.064865 Southern 1 26.703217 Cape Padrone 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Ntlonyane Estuary 405 -32.2783 Southern 1 29.1 Coffee Bay 4 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Great Kei Estuary 485 -32.686703 Southern 1 28.7317 Mazeppa Bay 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Bulolo Estuary 125 -31.75 Eastern 1 29.679996 Port St. Johns 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Hluleka Estuary 300 -31.932997 Eastern 1 29.42 Coffee Bay 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 St Lucia Estuary 165 -28.14 Eastern 1 32.606667 Cape Vidal 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Cwili Estuary 226 -32.841866 Southern 1 28.51148 Cintsa 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Ratels Estuary 454 -36.04155 Southern 1 19.690168 Agulhas 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Ratels Estuary 454 -36.04155 Southern 1 19.690168 Agulhas 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Ratels Estuary 454 -36.04155 Southern 1 19.690168 Agulhas 8 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Slang Estuary 520 -34.79327 Southern 1 24.643248 Cape St. Francis 5 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Ratels Estuary 454 -36.04155 Southern 1 19.690168 Agulhas 2 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Duiwenhoks Estuary 47 -34.45 Southern 1 20.966667 Infanta 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Buffalo Estuary 86 -33.158333 Southern 1 28.051666 Gonubie 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Hartenbos Estuary 95 -34.186146 Southern 1 22.161274 Mosselbaai 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Gouda Estuary 192 -33.084232 Southern 1 27.825945 East London 14 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Boknes Estuary 46 -33.966667 Southern 1 26.35 Cape Padrone 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Slang Estuary 137 -34.866665 Southern 1 24.949997 Cape St. Francis 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Hartenbos Estuary 192 -34.186146 Southern 1 22.161274 Mosselbaai 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Great Kei Estuary 174 -32.566666 Southern 1 28.55 Mazeppa Bay 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Piesang Estuary 146 -34.1 Southern 1 23.399998 Plettenberg Bay 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary 200 -36.666668 Southern 1 21.43333 Agulhas 26 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Hartenbos Estuary 229 -34.186146 Southern 1 22.161274 Mosselbaai 13 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Hartenbos Estuary 174 -34.186146 Southern 1 22.161274 Mosselbaai 2 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Mkweni Estuary 366 -36.666668 Southern 1 21.43333 Port St. Johns 9 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Mfolozi Estuary 670 -28.271666 Eastern 1 32.646667 Cape Vidal 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Gouda Estuary 192 -33.084232 Southern 1 27.825945 East London 2 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Mfolozi Estuary 550 -28.289997 Eastern 1 32.68 Cape Vidal 9 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Bulungulu Estuary 560 -32.24833 Eastern 1 29.17333 Coffee Bay 15 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Kobole Estuary 675 -32.49167 Southern 1 28.951668 Mazeppa Bay 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Mgwalana Estuary 80 -33.505 Southern 1 27.36833 Port Alfred 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Bulungulu Estuary 500 -32.25 Eastern 1 29.151667 Coffee Bay 1 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Fafa Estuary 690 -30.556665 Eastern 1 30.809996 Scottburgh 3 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Buffels Wes Estuary 363 -34.72167 Western 1 18.208332 Cape Point 2 2021-01-01 2021-12-31 2021-01-01 Buffels Wes Estuary 42 -34.23333 Southern 1 18.5 Cape Point 3