Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa
Filander, Zoleka N.
Kitahara, Marcelo V.
Cairns, Stephen D.
Sink, Kerry J.
Lombard, Amanda T.
ZooKeys
2021
2021-10-28
1066
1
198
(Trochocyathus) sp. 2
sp. 2
Anthozoa
Caryophylliidae
Trochocyathus
CoL
Animalia
Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)
Scleractinia
0
1
Cnidaria
subGenus
Trochocyathus
Fig. 6C-F
Material examined. DEFF/SAEON_ A33997( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 39 kmfrom Cape Padrone/ 40 kmoff Boknes Estuary, 34°03'53.52"S, 26°42'11.58"E; 100 m. DSCS-INV 529 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 35 kmfrom Cape St. Francis/ 70 kmoff Slang Estuary, 34°47'05.0"S, 24°45'42.3"E; 392-418 mSAMC_A073141 ( 3 specimens): Easternmargin, 33 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 18 moff Ntlonyane Estuary, 32°16'41.88"S, 29°06'00.00"E; 300 m. SAMC_A073150 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 26 kmfrom Mazeppa Bay/ 33 kmoff Great Kei Estuary, 32°41'12.12"S, 28°43'54.12"E; 480- 490 m. SAMC_A073166 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 19 kmoff Port St. Johns/ 21 kmoff Bulolo Estuary, 31°45'00.00"S, 29°40'47.99"E; 125 m. SAMC_A073175 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 28 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 16 kmoff Hluleka Estuary, 31°55'58.79"S, 29°25'12.00"E; 300 m. SAMC_A073211 ( 3 specimens): Easternmargin, 5 kmfrom Cape Vidal/ 16 kmoff St Lucia Estuary, 28°08'24.00"S, 32°36'24.00"E; 165 m. SAMC_A073235 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, False Bay; depth unknown. SAMC_A088920 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 38 kmfrom Cintsa/ 22 kmoff Cwili Estuary, 32°50'30.72"S, 28°30'41.33"E; 250- 226 m. SAMC_A088921 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E; 445- 463 m. SAMC_A088925 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E; 445- 463 m. SAMC_A088926 ( 8 specimens): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E; 445- 463 m. SAMC_A090146 ( 5 specimens): Southernmargin, 68 kmfrom Cape St. Francis/ 70 kmoff Slang Estuary, 34°47'35.77"S, 24°38'35.69"E; 520 m. SAMC_A090147 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, 140 kmfrom Agulhas/ 144 kmoff Ratels Estuary, 36°02'29.58"S, 19°41'24.61"E; 445- 463 m. SAM_H1243 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 11 kmfrom Infanta/ 12 kmoff Duiwenhoks Estuary, 34°27'00.00"S, 20°58'00.00"E; 47 m. SAM_H1370 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 28 kmfrom Gonubie/ 27 kmoff Buffalo Estuary, 33°09'29.99"S, 28°03'06.00"E; 86 m. SAM_H1384 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E; 95 m. SAM_H1388 ( 14 specimens): Southernmargin, 11 kmfrom East London/ 5 kmoff Gouda Estuary, 33°05'03.24"S, 27°49'33.40"E; 146- 238 m. SAM_H1391 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 24 kmfrom Cape Padrone/ 35 kmoff Boknes Estuary, 33°58'00.00"S, 26°21'00.00"E; 46 m. SAM_H1400 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 74 kmoff Cape St. Francis/ 83 kmoff Slang Estuary, 34°52'00.00"S, 24°56'59.99"E; 137 m. SAM_H1407 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E; 192 m. SAM_H1408 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 14 kmfrom Mazeppa Bay/ 20 kmoff Great Kei Estuary, 32°34'00.00"S, 28°33'00.00"E; 174 m. SAM_H1419 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 4 kmfrom Plettenberg Bay/ 7 kmoff Piesang Estuary, 34°06'00.00"S, 23°23'59.99"E; 146 m. SAM_H1443 ( 26 specimens): Southernmargin, 241 kmfrom Agulhas/ 247 kmoff De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary, 36°40'00.00"S, 21°25'59.99"E; 200 m. SAM_H1487 ( 13 specimens): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E; 229 m. SAM_H3103 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, 2 kmfrom Mosselbaai/ 11 kmoff Hartenbos Estuary, 34°11'10.12"S, 22°09'40.59"E; 165- 183 m. SAM_H3106 ( 9 specimens): Southernmargin, 846 kmfrom Port St. Johns/ 842 kmoff Mkweni Estuary, 36°40'00.00"S, 21°25'59.99"E; 366 m. SAM_H3111 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 18 kmfrom Cape Vidal/ 27 kmoff Mfolozi Estuary, 28°16'18.00"S, 32°38'48.00"E; 670 m. SAM_H3114 ( 2 specimens): Southernmargin, 11 kmfrom East London/ 5 kmoff Gouda Estuary, 33°05'03.24"S, 27°49'33.40"E; 146- 238 m. SAM_H3116 ( 9 specimens): Easternmargin, 22 kmfrom Cape Vidal/ 28 kmoff Mfolozi Estuary, 28°17'23.99"S, 32°40'47.99"E; 550 m. SAM_H3170 ( 15 specimens): Easternmargin, 28 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 19 kmoff Bulungulu Estuary, 32°14'53.99"S, 29°10'23.99"E; 620- 560 m. SAM_H3172 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 29 kmfrom Mazeppa Bay/ 25 kmoff Kobole Estuary, 32°29'30.00"S, 28°57'06.00"E; 650- 700 m. SAM_H3173 ( 1 specimen): Southernmargin, 47 kmfrom Port Alfred/ 14 kmoff Mgwalana Estuary, 33°30'18.00"S, 27°22'05.99"E; 80 m. SAM_H3175 ( 1 specimen): Easternmargin, 30 kmfrom Coffee Bay/ 20 kmoff Bulungulu Estuary, 32°15'00.00"S, 29°09'06.00"E; 520- 500 m. SAM_H3176 ( 3 specimens): Easternmargin, 30 kmfrom Scottburgh/ 20 kmoff Fafa Estuary, 30°33'24.00"S, 30°48'35.99"E; 690 m. SAM_H3830 ( 2 specimens): Westernmargin, 49 kmfrom Cape Point/ 51 kmoff Buffels Wes Estuary, 34°43'18.00"S, 18°12'29.99"E; 360- 365 m. SAM_H3832 ( 3 specimens): Southernmargin, 14 kmfrom Cape Point/ 10 kmoff Buffels Wes Estuary, 34°13'59.99"S, 18°30'00.00"E; 42 m.
Description. Corallum ceratoid to trochoid, and attached to a variably sized pedicel (PD:GCD = 0.2-0.7). Calice circular to slightly elliptical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.2), with serrate calicular margin. Largest specimen examined (SAM_H1400) 17.4 x17.2 mm in CD, 6.0 mm in PD, and 39.6 mm in H. Costae prominent from calicular margin to base, ca. the same width as associated septa, equidistant, low, bearing small granules, and separated by thin intercostal furrows. Corallum white. Septa hexamerally arranged in five cycles, the last cycle being incomplete, according to formula S1> S2 ≥ S3> S4> S5> S6 (≤ 60 septa). S1 most exsert, independent, slightly wider than S2, and bearing straight to slightly sinuous axial margin. S2 slightly less exsert than S1, and extending slightly less to centre of calice with moderately sinuous axial margin. S3 equal or slightly smaller than S2, but have axial margin equally sinuous. S4 predominantly restricted to upper calice in specimens with four septal cycles, but dimorphic and variable in development half-systems bearing S5 or S5-6 (e.g., SAMC_A090146 = 6:6:12:24:10:2, SAM_H1407 = 6:6:12:24:12). In the latter, S4 closer to S1 have the same rudimentary profile as S5 and S4 flanked by S5 having a similar profile as S3 or slightly less wide. S4 axial margin coarsely dentated. If present, S6 restricted to calicular margin. S3-5 progressively less exsert than S1-2. Pali present before all but last septal cycle. P2 most recessed. P2-3 form a chevron-like pattern before S2, a pattern also taken by S4 flanked by S5 which sometimes bear pali. All septal and palar faces granulated. Fossa moderately deep, containing a papillose columella composed of a group of 17-30 rod elements which mostly are as high as pali elements.
Distribution. Regional: Western to eastern margin of South Africa, off Cape Point extending towards Cape Vidal; 42-700 m.
Remarks. Although specimens examined closely resemble Trochocyathus (T.)sp. 1 cf. T. rawsonii Guynia sensu Gardiner (1904)in having well-developed costae extending from the calicular margin to base, an often curved coralla, and the presence of S5, Trochocyathussp. 2 occasionally has a pair of S6, even though the fifth cycle is incomplete (SAMC_A090146 = 6:6:12:24:10:2), and an independent S1 which extends further to the columella. Apart from that, the specimens reported herein differ from Trochocyathus (T.)sp. 1 cf. T. rawsonii Guynia sensu Gardiner (1904)in having a systematic development of septal cycles (irrespective of an increase mm in CD). While this material may represent a new species of Trochocyathus, a name will not be introduced until the intraspecific variation is better understood and compared with that from congeners. Figure 6. A, B Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)sp. 1 (SAM_H1449, off Mazeppa Bay, 174 m) Acalicular view Blateral view C, F Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)sp. 2 C, D(SAM_H1388, East London, 90 m) Ccalicular view Clateral view E, F(SAM_H1407, off Mosselbaai, 192 m) Ecalicular view Flateral view G, L Trochocyathus( Trochocyathus Trochocyathus) sp. cf. Trochocyathus Trochocyathus rawsonii Guynia sensuCairns & Keller, 1993 G, J(SAM_H1440, off East London, 90 m) Gcalicular view Hlateral view Icalicular view Jlateral view. 1993 K, L(SAMC_A090156, off Sedgefield, 74 m) Kcalicular view Llateral view M, P Trochocyathus (Trochocyathus)sp. 3 M, N(SAM_H3124, off East London, 90 m) Ocalicular view Plateral view O, P(BMNH 1939.7.20.47, off Richards Bay, 165 m) Ocalicular view Plateral view. Lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm.
A33997
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Boknes Estuary
100
-34.064865
Southern
1
26.703217
Cape Padrone
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Ntlonyane Estuary
405
-32.2783
Southern
1
29.1
Coffee Bay
4
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Great Kei Estuary
485
-32.686703
Southern
1
28.7317
Mazeppa Bay
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Bulolo Estuary
125
-31.75
Eastern
1
29.679996
Port St. Johns
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Hluleka Estuary
300
-31.932997
Eastern
1
29.42
Coffee Bay
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
St Lucia Estuary
165
-28.14
Eastern
1
32.606667
Cape Vidal
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Cwili Estuary
226
-32.841866
Southern
1
28.51148
Cintsa
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Ratels Estuary
454
-36.04155
Southern
1
19.690168
Agulhas
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Ratels Estuary
454
-36.04155
Southern
1
19.690168
Agulhas
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Ratels Estuary
454
-36.04155
Southern
1
19.690168
Agulhas
8
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Slang Estuary
520
-34.79327
Southern
1
24.643248
Cape St. Francis
5
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Ratels Estuary
454
-36.04155
Southern
1
19.690168
Agulhas
2
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Duiwenhoks Estuary
47
-34.45
Southern
1
20.966667
Infanta
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Buffalo Estuary
86
-33.158333
Southern
1
28.051666
Gonubie
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Hartenbos Estuary
95
-34.186146
Southern
1
22.161274
Mosselbaai
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Gouda Estuary
192
-33.084232
Southern
1
27.825945
East London
14
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Boknes Estuary
46
-33.966667
Southern
1
26.35
Cape Padrone
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Slang Estuary
137
-34.866665
Southern
1
24.949997
Cape St. Francis
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Hartenbos Estuary
192
-34.186146
Southern
1
22.161274
Mosselbaai
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Great Kei Estuary
174
-32.566666
Southern
1
28.55
Mazeppa Bay
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Piesang Estuary
146
-34.1
Southern
1
23.399998
Plettenberg Bay
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
De Mond-Heuningnes Estuary
200
-36.666668
Southern
1
21.43333
Agulhas
26
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Hartenbos Estuary
229
-34.186146
Southern
1
22.161274
Mosselbaai
13
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Hartenbos Estuary
174
-34.186146
Southern
1
22.161274
Mosselbaai
2
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Mkweni Estuary
366
-36.666668
Southern
1
21.43333
Port St. Johns
9
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Mfolozi Estuary
670
-28.271666
Eastern
1
32.646667
Cape Vidal
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Gouda Estuary
192
-33.084232
Southern
1
27.825945
East London
2
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Mfolozi Estuary
550
-28.289997
Eastern
1
32.68
Cape Vidal
9
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Bulungulu Estuary
560
-32.24833
Eastern
1
29.17333
Coffee Bay
15
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Kobole Estuary
675
-32.49167
Southern
1
28.951668
Mazeppa Bay
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Mgwalana Estuary
80
-33.505
Southern
1
27.36833
Port Alfred
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Bulungulu Estuary
500
-32.25
Eastern
1
29.151667
Coffee Bay
1
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Fafa Estuary
690
-30.556665
Eastern
1
30.809996
Scottburgh
3
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Buffels Wes Estuary
363
-34.72167
Western
1
18.208332
Cape Point
2
2021-01-01
2021-12-31
2021-01-01
Buffels Wes Estuary
42
-34.23333
Southern
1
18.5
Cape Point
3