Taxonomic revision of the P. chartergoides species-group of the genus Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) Dos Santos Junior, José N. A. Silveira, Orlando T. Carpenter, James M. Zootaxa 2020 2020-10-02 4858 4 542 554 6XWM 91392 Ducke Ducke 1905 [462,704,853,880] Insecta Vespidae Protopolybia Animalia Hymenoptera 10 552 Arthropoda genus    1. Species with posterior aspect of propodeum gently convex around a narrow median groove or with posterior face projecting symmetrically to either side of median groove, forming two moderately high protuberances ( Fig. 23).....................................................................................................  P. exiguaspecies-group.  – Species with posterior aspect of propodeum with a wide and shallow cavity ( Fig. 24 and 25)...........................2   2. Occipital carina strong and salient throughout ( Fig. 26 and 27) and pronotal pretegular carina, posteriorly adjacent area strongly developed, adjacent area wider and T 1 indorsal view with petiole very short; distal margin wider and nearly straight, cup-like ( Fig. 30 and 31)...........................................................  P. picteti-emortualisspecies-group.  – Occipital carina fading at some point near the middle of gena height or fading very close to the insertion of the mandible ( Fig. 28 and 29); T 1 indorsal view with petiole and distal margin variable ( Fig. 32 and 33)............................... 3   3. Large and robust species, with length of fore wing between ca. 5.1–5.7mm. T2 with shape of tergum wider than long, profile strongly bulging antero-laterally, spiracles tending to face forward ( Fig. 34 and 35). Color black with yellow marks ( Fig. 1-10)............................................................................  P. chartergoidesspecies-group.  – Small and slender species, with length of fore wing between ca. 4.75–5.1mm. T2 with shape of tergum wider than long, anterior contour distinctly convex in both dorsal and lateral view ( Fig. 36 and 37), spiracles not tending to face foreward. Color variable, brown or entirely yellow with few black marks...........................................  P. sedulaspecies-group.