Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus. Wilson, E. O. urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:181881 Insecta Formicidae Pheidole CoL Animalia Pheidole harlequina Wilson Pheidole harlequina Wilson Hymenoptera 432 Arthropoda species harlequina  Etymology NL harlequinafor harlequin, clown in multicolored, brightly patterned costume.  Diagnosis Similar to drepanon, another unusual Dominican endemic, differing from it and all other Pheidoleas follows. Major: propodeal spine thick, curved slightly, and as long as the propodeal basal face anterior to it; body multicolored as depicted and described under Color below; head much broader than long, expanding posteriorly to maximum width at occiput; a small patch of rugoreticulum present between eye and antennal fossa on each side, and most of rest of dorsal surface of head carinulate; postpetiole from above oval.  Minor: multicolored, as described below; propodeal spines thick, curved, and as long as the propodeal basal face anterior to them. Measurements (mm) Holotype major: HW 0.94, HL 0.90, SL 0.66, EL 0.14, PW 0.50. Paratype minor: HW 0.50, HL 0.50, SL 0.62, EL 0.10, PW 0.34. Color Major: multicolored; mesosoma and waist dark brown; posterior rear half of head, a large circular patch covering part of vertex, and all of frontal triangle and clypeus medium brown; and rest of body clear yellow. Minor: head, mesosoma, and waist dark brown; gaster pale yellow; appendages light to brownish yellow.  range Known only from the type locality. Evidently an endemic of the Dominican Republic, although it is to be looked for in Haiti as well. A second, similar species is known from a single minor collected in dry coastal scrub 3 km east of Tintero, San Pedros de Macoris, Dominican Republic (W. L. and D. E. Brown); it will not be described at this time.  Biology The type colony was found in a pine-hardwood ravine.  Figure Upper: holotype, major. Lower: paratype, minor. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (GREATER ANTILLES): Hotel Nueva Sueza, Constanza, La Vega Prov., 1300 m (William L. and Doris E. Brown). Scale bars = 1 mm.