Coprophanaeus morenoi Arnaud, 1982b: 121 Coprophanaeus kohlmanni Arnaud, 2002a: 5 A taxonomic review of the neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) Edmonds, W. D. Zidek, J. Insecta Mundi 2010 2010-07-02 2010 129 1 111 3TRJ Olsoufieff 1924 [192,407,1698,1723] Insecta Scarabaeidae Coprophanaeus Animalia Coleoptera 63 60 Arthropoda genus   Fig. 162-163, 171-172, 179-184      Coprophanaeus morenoi Arnaud, 1982b: 121     Coprophanaeus kohlmanni Arnaud, 2002a: 5  New Synonymy   Type.  C. morenoi–  holotypemale, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris(examined by photo);   C. kohlmanni– holotypemale, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingode Heredia.   Diagnosis. General– Completely black, only very rarely with metallic coloration along anterior pronotal margin. Clypeal teeth normal, length about equal to width at base. Width of upper portion of eye slightly greater than one-fourth of interocular distance. Frons smooth, at most with faint puncturing behind transverse carina. Posterior portion of paraocular area smooth. Posteromedian portion of pronotum smooth, devoid of distinct sculpturing; basal pronotal fossae effaced. Anterior angle of metasternum bearing elevated cap (seen in profile, as in Fig. 168). Elytral interstriae flat. Pygidium with wide basal groove ( Fig. 162-163). Length 15-23 mm.  Male( Fig. 181-184) – Pronotal prominence bimorphic, either cleat-shaped ( Fig. 183, upper view) or quadrilobate with lobes linked by thick carina ( Fig. 183, lower view); prominence flanked by broad concavities; declivitous surface of pronotum beneath carina smooth, devoid of sculpturing. Parameres with wide subapical tooth ( Fig. 184).  Female( Fig. 179-180) – Length of frons about one and one-half times that of clypeus. Transverse pronotal carina bidentate medially, followed by transverse depression summit of which weakly bitumid.  Specimens examined– 327.   Distribution. Chocóand Eastern Central American provinces ( Fig. 172).  Collection Records.   COLOMBIA: Chocó– Quibdó(Sep);  El Amargal Biological Station, 5.6 oN77.4 oW,  150-500 m(Aug);   30 kmS Quibdó[ Lloró], 5 o30’N 76 o33.5’W,  90 m(Feb);  Pacurita, 5 o41’N 76 o40’W,  50 m(Nov);   20 kmNE Quibdó[ Tutumendó],  60 m(Nov).   Vallede Cauca–  70 kmE Buenaventura[Anchicaya Dam],  350 m(Jul).   COSTA RICA:  Alajuela–  3.5 kmE Bijagua[Heliconias Lodge], 10 o42’45.2”N 85 o02’28.5”W,  730 m(May-Jun).  Heredia– Reserva Biológica La Selva, 10 o26’N 86 o59W,  75 m(Oct).  Limón– Sector Cerro Cocori, Finca de E. Rojas,  150 m(Oct).  SanJosé– Estación Bijagual (north of Bijagualito),  600 m(Jun).   ECUADOR:  Esmeraldas– Borbón, 1 o04’44”N 78 o58’48”W,  25 m(Aug);  SanMiguel, 00 o40’18”N 79 o53’00”W(Dec);   11 kmSE San Lorenzo[ La Chiquita Forest Station] (Jun); Punta Venado (Nov-Dec); Yalere (Nov);  Playa de Oro(Feb-Mar, Oct); La Concordia (Nov);  Palma Real( Mar).  Los Ríos– Río Palenque Research Station, 0 o35’S 79 o22’W,  200 m(Jan-Feb, Jun-Jul).  Pichincha– Quevedo (Apr-May);   113 kmNW Quito on Puerto Quitoroad,  800 m(Aug); i  1 kmE Tinalandia,  600 m(Jul).   NICARAGUA:  Jinotega–  32 kmNW Jinotega[  Finca ElJaguar], 13 o14’28”N 86 o03’16”W,  1340 m(Dec).  Matagalpa– Selva Negra, 13 o00’01”N 85 o54’32”W,  1350 m(May).  Río San Juan–  8 kmS El Castillo[Refugio Bartola], 10 o56.6’N 84 o20.4’W,  30 m(Mar, May).   PANAMA:  Colón–  16 kmSE Colón[Santa Rita Ridge],  270 m( Jun).  Darien– Estación Ambiental Cana, 7 o45.32’N 77 o41.07W,  600-750 m(Jun).  Panamá– Capira [Cerro Campana], 8 o44’N 79 o57’W,  790 m(Jun, Dec);  Chepo-Carti Road,  400 m(Jun-Aug);  Cerro Azul,  650 m(May, Dec);   7.5-9.6 kmN El Llano,  475 m(Jan);   12 kmN El Llanoon road to Carti,  250 m(May).   Comments.The occurrence of bimorphic major males in this species is unique to the genus and, although in different descriptive terms and under the name “  ohausi”, it was first described by Howden and Young (1981). The unusual form ( Fig. 183, lower view) is so far known only from certain populations in the environs of El Llano ( Panamá province), where it occurs with the typical cleat-shaped form ( Fig. 183, upper view). Because the quadrilobate condition of the male pronotum occurs in individuals otherwise “major” in size and other respects, we consider it a developmental option to the cleat-shaped prominence in typical males rather than a step in the gradient from “major” to “minor” individuals. The middle of basal margin of pygidium is sometimes weakly angulate and tooth-like, at least partially interrupting basal groove ( Fig. 162). This was a key character in the original description that has revealed itself to be highly variable. The toothed condition is more frequent in Ecuadorian, Colombian and eastern Panamanian populations, but it becomes very rare beyond the Darien province. For most of this study we regarded  C. kohlmannias a species distinct from  C. morenoi; the primary criteria for doing so were its somewhat larger size and presumed isolated distribution. It turns out, however, that the distribution of  C. morenoiis continuous from northwestern Ecuadorthrough Panamaalong Caribbean coast into Nicaragua, and the species is subject to local variations along the way, the most striking of which is the unusual male typefrom western Panama. Costa Rican populations formerly assigned to  C. kohlmanniare part of a continuum and tend to be somewhat larger than in other populations. [428,1404,1859,1883] Paris Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 63 60 1 holotype Santo Domingo Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad 63 60 1 Heredia holotype [460,901,1709,1734] Colombia Quibdo 64 61 1 Colombia 325 El Amargal Biological Station 64 61 1 [407,1053,1740,1766] Colombia 90 5.5 Lloro 930 -76.558334 64 61 1 Colombia 50 5.6833334 Pacurita 1305 -76.666664 64 61 1 [270,791,1774,1798] Colombia 60 Tutumendo 64 61 1 Colombia 350 Valle 64 61 1 Cauca E. Rojas Costa Rica Reserva Biologica La Selva 730 65 62 10.433333 Bijagualito 1298 -86.98333 San 64 61 1 Alajuela [511,1381,1633,1659] Ecuador 25 1.0788889 Borbon 21 -78.98 65 62 1 Esmeraldas Ecuador 0.6716667 San 21 -79.88333 65 62 1 [653,1353,1667,1691] Ecuador La Chiquita Forest Station 65 62 1 [581,917,1699,1723] Ecuador Playa de Oro 65 62 1 Ecuador Palma Real 200 -0.5833333 Rio Palenque Research Station 1308 -79.36667 Mar 65 62 1 Los Rios [337,1013,1763,1787] Ecuador 800 113 km NW Quito on Puerto Quito 65 62 1 [1027,1436,1763,1787] Ecuador 600 1 km E Tinalandia 65 62 1 Finca El Jaguar Nicaragua 1340 10.943334 El 129 -84.34 Finca El Jaguar 65 62 1 Jinotega Panama 270 66 63 8.733334 Estacion Ambiental Cana 1300 -79.95 Jun 65 62 1 Colon Panama 400 Chepo-Carti Road 66 63 1 [328,687,1796,1820] Panama 650 Cerro Azul 66 63 1 [697,1121,1796,1820] Panama 475 7.5 - 9.6 km N El Llano 66 63 1 Panama 250 Carti 66 63 1