Redescription and new records of Ontholestes brasilianus Bernhauer, 1906 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) Costa-Silva, Vinícius Asenjo, Angélico Newton, Alfred F. Thyssen, Patricia J. Zootaxa 2018 2018-03-01 4388 1 143 150 74MJG Bernhauer, 1906 Bernhauer. Schematic 1906 [151,648,1482,1509] Insecta Staphylinidae Ontholestes GBIF Animalia Coleoptera 1 144 Arthropoda species brasilianus   Type specimens: LECTOTYPE 1♂ (here designated): “Brasilia / ex coll.Fruhstorfer[printed in green label]”, “c. Epplsh. / Steind. d.[printed in white label]”, “ brasilianus/ Bernh. Typus [handwritten in old white label]”, “Chicago NHMus / M.Bernhauer / Collection[printed in white label]”, “Lectotype / Ontholestes/ brasilianus/ Bernhauer / designated by / A.Newton 1979[1 st andthe two last lines printed, others handwritten in red label]”, “Bernhauer Brazil Types / PHOTOGRAPHED / E. Caron 2017[printed in blue label]”, “[QR code in left lateral] / FMNHINS / 3048932 / FIELD MUSEUM / Pinned[printed in white label]” (FMNH). PARALECTOTYPE 1♂: “Stett.” or “Shtt.”[handwritten], “ brasilianus Brh. Typ.unic. / det. Bernhauer[handwritten except last line printed]”, “Typus”, “Lectotype / Ontholestes/ brasilianus/ Bernhauer / designated by / A.Newton 1989[1 st andthe two last lines printed, others handwritten on yellow label]” (NMW). Note:In the original description, Bernhauer (1906)indicated that he studied two specimens, one in his collection and one in the naturhistorisches Hofmuseum in Wien (Vienna), from Brazil without further indication of locality. One of us (AFN) previously studied both specimens, and labeled these as lectotype and paralectotype in 1979 and 1989, respectively, but these designations have not been previously published. We also studied photographs of the FMNH lectotype.   Diagnosis.  Ontholestes brasilianusis easily distinguished from  O. murinusby the characters cited in the key above, and by the pattern of microsetal coloration on the body, mainly on the head, pronotum and abdomen. The length and setation of the parameres is very different between these species (very short and glabrous in  O. brasilianusas shown in Figs. 6–7, and long with several apical setae in  O. murinus (Yang & Zhou, 2012, fig. 5D–E)). The apex of the median lobe of the aedeagus is abruptly bent dorsally in  O. brasilianus( Fig. 6), and is nearly straight in  O. murinus( Yang & Zhou, 2012, fig. 5D–E).   Redescription. Adult male and female.Body length 12.0– 16.4 mm(not including mandibles). Body covered by microsetae with white, yellowish and black color. Head: Habitus as in Fig 1. Wider than long (HW: 3.7; HL: 2.1), with genal area prominent and rounded; anterior edge concave and posterior edge straight. Vertex area flat. Eyes prominent, almost 2/3 the length of disk of head (YL: 1.53); Clypeus rectangular with white color. Translucent labrum wider than long, strongly bilobate with long setae medially. Disk of head with long setae ( Fig. 12). Antennae ( Fig. 5) with scape gradually thickened. Scape length (without peduncle) 1.05 mm, width (maximum) 0.28 mm, pedicel shorter than scape (0.49: 0.21), antennomere 3 longer than wide (0.69: 0.21), antennomere 4 (0.36: 0.21) longer than wide, antennomere 5 longer than wide (0.34: 0.22), antennomere 6 subquadrate (0.25: 0.25), antennomere 7 subquadrate (0.25: 0.25), antennomere 8 wider than long (0.22: 0.25), antennomere 9 wider than long (0.21: 0.27), antennomere 10 wider than long (0.21: 0.25), antennomere 11 longer than wide (0.40: 0.30); segments 5–11 densely covered with microsetae; segments 6–11 asymmetric. Mandibles large (ML: 3.44), each with three small medial teeth ( Fig. 3, but note that one ventral tooth on each mandible is concealed there). Thorax:Pronotum as wide as long (PL: 2.73; PW: 2.73), trapezoidal in shape with lateral margin narrower posteriorly; anterior edge straight and posterior edge convex; humeral angle slightly prominent; lateral margin concave in posterior half. Disk of pronotum with some small tubercles on surface; prosternum triangularly projected with marked transverse line. Pronotum with long setae along lateral edge ( Fig. 14). Legs:long with dense setae; all coxae black, femora with black and yellow markings, tibiae and tarsi yellow or orange, except protarsomeres 1–4 which are darker; mesofemora with ventral and dorsal face sinuate; metafemora long and parallel; meso and metatibiae each with apical spine; tarsi pentamerous; each last tarsomere long, with one pair of falciform tarsal claws and small bisetose empodium; first four protarsomeres markedly dilated and each densely covered by tenant setae ventrally. Elytra:quadrate in shape with length and width similar (EL: 4.20; EW: 4.14); anterior edge concave; lateral margins slightly convex; posterior edge medially with “V” shaped emargination at middle; humeral region rounded; scutellum rounded at base and narrow towards the apex. Abdomen:Terga and sterna III–VII with white, black and blond microsetae; black microsetae predominate along the middle region of segments III–V. Terga III–VII with transverse basal carina and two paratergites per segment, in segment VII the inner paratergite is small and triangular in shape. Male:Sternum VII with small median apical emargination ( Fig. 12). Sternum VIII with deep emargination in median apical edge in shape of “V” ( Fig. 11). Tergites IX ( Figs. 9–10) long, straight, covered with prominent macrosetae. Tergum X subtriangular, obtusely angulate at apex ( Fig. 10). Sternum IX asymmetrical and slightly emarginate at the apex ( Fig. 9). Aedeagus as in Figs. 6–8; paramere small, symmetrical, triangular in shape with rounded apex lacking setae. Median lobe symmetrical, curved and bulbous at base; in lateral view apex abruptly bent dorsally. Female: Habitus as in Fig 2. The female has the same general characters as the male, but has a smaller head and shorter mandibles (ML: 1.83) ( Fig. 4). Also, the posterior margins of sterna VII and VIII of the female are rounded, without emargination.  Habitat and biology.This species has been recorded from Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga and Pantanal biomes in Brazil, and can be collected in all seasons using feces (from cow, cattle or human) or chicken gizzards as bait. In general, the specimens have been associated with larvae of Sarcophagidae (Diptera), most likely because they are feeding on them.    New Records. GUYANA: Rupununi, Kuyuwini River, 2°16'N, 58°16'W,  22.xi. W.G. Hassler(4 AMNH).   SURINAME: Paramaribo,  Paramaribo,  5m, 5°50'N, 55°10'W, J. MichaelisS.V. (1 ZMHB).    PERU:  Madre de Dios, Tampopata, Puerto Maldonado( 15kmNE), Reserva CuzcoAmazónico,  200m, 12°36,3'S, 69°3'W,  13.vi.1989, J.S. Ashe& R.A. Leschen( 1♀ SEMC).   BOLIVIA: Laz Paz, Yungas de la Paz, 16°10'S, 67°30'W, ( 1♀ ZMHB).   Cochabamba, Chaparé,  400m, 16°30'S, 65°30'W,  7.iv.1946, R.Zischka( 1♂ NMW).   Santa Cruz, Río Yapacani, 17°27'S, 63°40'W, J. Steinbach(1 CMNH); Gutiérrez, Prov. Gutiérrez, 16°50'S, 63°55'W, J. Steinbach S.V. (1 ZMHB); Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, 700m, 17°39'S, 63°43'W, 26.xii.1988, human feces, P. Bettella, (1♂ UASC);  Ichilo, Parque Nacional Amboró, Río Saguayo,  700m, 17°39'S, 63°43'W,  28.xii.1988, human feces, P. Bettella, ( 1♂, 1♀ UASC).   BRAZIL: Goiás, Leopoldo Bulhoes, 16°37'S, 48°46'W,  xi.1937, Nick( 1♀ MZSP);  Jataí,  700m, 17°53'S, 51°43'W(2 IRSNB);  Jataí,  700m, 17°53'S, 51°43'W, 1895, C. Pujol(6 MNHN);  Jataí,  700m, 17°53'S, 51°43'W, 1898, C. Pujol(1 MNHN);  Jataí,  700m, 17°53'S, 51°43'W,  20.iv.1904( 1♂ FMNH).   Pará, Itaituba, Rio Tapajóz, 4°13'S, 56°1'W,  vi.1964, Diringsleg. ( 1♀ MZSP);  Canindé, Rio Gurupi, 2°34'S, 46°31'W,  7–11.iv.1963, B. Malkin(1 FMNH);  Santarém,  36m, 2°26'S, 54°42'W, H.H. Smith(4 CMNH);  Santarém,  36m, 2°26'S, 54°42'W,  iii.1896, H.H. Smith(1 BMNH);  Santarém,  36m, 2°26'S, 54°42'W,  vi.1896(1 BMNH);  Tucuruí, 3°42'S, 49°27'W,  i.1979, M. Alvarenga(1 CNC).   Paraná, Salto Yguassu[= Iguaçu], Puerto Agurra,  29–30.xi.1914, Strelnikov & Tanasiychuk ( 1♀ ZIN).   Mato Grosso, Barra do Tapirapé, 10°41'S, 50°38'W,  6.xii.1962, B. Malkin( 1♀ FMNH);  Chapadados Guimarães,  793m, 15°26'S, 55°45'W, viii, H.H. Smith(1 CMNH);  Chapadados Guimarães,  793m, 15°26'S, 55°45'W, x, H.H. Smith(1 CMNH);  São Domingos, 13°30'S, 51°23'W,  25.viii.1914, Strelnikov & Tanasiychuk ( 1♂ ZIN);  Sinop, 12°31'S, 55°37'W,  x.1975, M. Alvarenga(14 CNC);  Sinop, 12°31'S, 55°37'W,  x.1976, M. Alvarenga(2 CNC);  Villa Vera, 12°46'S, 55°30’W,  x.1973, M. Alvarenga(2 AMNH);    Mato Grossodo Sul, Corumbá,  116m, 19°1'S, 57°39'W(1 NMW);  Corumbá,  116m, 19°1'S, 57°39'W, Bang- Haas( 1♀ FMNH); Itaum, Dourados, 22°0'S, 55°20'W, iii.1974, M. Alvarenga (2 AMNH);  Maracaju,  385m, 21°38'S, 55°9'W,  iv.1937, G. Fairchild( 1♂and 1♀ MCZ).   Bahia, Iguassú, 12°55'S, 41°3'W,  12.vii, Sv. Amaz.- Exp. Roman(1 NHRS); Ilhéus, Faz. Alameda, 45m, 14°49'S, 39°2'W, vii. 1944, L. Gomes (2 USNM);  Salobro, 13°49'S, 40°9'W,  6.vii.1885, E. Gounelle(2 IRSNB).   Minas Gerais, [ Withoutspecific locality], 1897, Fruhstorfer(2 MNHN).   Espírito Santo, Conceição da Barra( 12 kmE), Pedro Canario Fazenda Klabin,  7m, 18°35'S, 39°45'W,  xii.1972, J.F. Abravaya(1 LACM).   São Paulo, Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo,  302m, 22°30’41.50”S, 52°21’28.47”W,  16.iv.2017, moela [chicken gizzard used as bait], V. Costa-Silvaleg. ( 1♀, 1♂same label CEMT);  Porto Cabral, Rio Paraná, 22°17'S, 52°38'W,  2–31.iii.1944, Trav. Fo., Carrera& E. Dente( 1♀ MZSP). [Without specific state or locality],Shtt. (1♂ NMW); Frühstofer (1♂ FMNH); K. Brancsik (1♂ FMNH).    PARAGUAY: Caaguazú,  Caaguazú,  375m, 25°26'S, 56°2'W,  xii.1948, F.H. Schade( 1♂ NMW).   Caazapa, Rivacue, prop. Veva de Cuevafamily, San Rafael Res.,  80m, 26°18,1'S, 55°37'W,  7.xii.2000, Z.H. Falin( 1♂ SEMC).   Guairá, Paso Yavay,  200m, 25°45'S, 56°26'W,  x.1938, F. Schade(1 NMW);  Villa Rica,  200m, 25°45'S, 56°26'W[ West],  xii.1927, F. Schade(1 NMW);  Villa Rica,  200m, 25°45'S, 56°26'W,  viii.1928, F. Schade(1 NMW).   Itapúa, Hohenau, 27°5'S, 55°45'W, Fassl(1 FMNH).  [ Withoutspecific state or locality],  7.iv, C. FiebrigS.V. (2 ZMHB).   ARGENTINA: Misiones, [without specific locality], C. Bruch( 1♀ FMNH); [without specific locality], C. Bruch (1♂ MACN);  Iguazu,  30.i.1985, J.E. Barriga( 1♂ JEBC).   Salta, Vespucio.xi,1985, M. Viana( 1♂ JEBC). [Without specific state or locality], A. Breyer (1♀ MACN).   Distribution.The records from Guyana, Suriname, Bolivia, and  Paraguay( Fig. 15) are new records for these countries. The geographical distribution of  O. brasilianusis apparently restricted to South America. 1828873213 [199,1432,1122,1145] 22. xi. AMNH W. G. Hassler Guyana New Records. 2.2666667 Kuyuwini River 1307 -58.266666 Rupununi 3 146 1 1828873215 [151,1154,1157,1180] ZMHB Michaelis Suriname 5 5.8333335 Paramaribo 1305 -55.166668 3 146 1 Paramaribo 1828873166 1989-06-13 PERU, SEMC J. S. Ashe & R. A. Leschen Peru Madre de Dios 200 -12.605 Puerto Maldonado 908 -69.05 Tampopata 3 146 1 1 Madre de Dios 1828873178 [485,1266,1226,1249] ZMHB Bolivia -16.166666 Laz Paz, Yungas de la Paz 1282 -67.5 3 146 1 1 Laz Paz, Yungas de la Paz 1828873164 1946-04-07 NMW R. Zischka Bolivia 400 -16.5 Chapare 1282 -65.5 3 146 1 1 Cochabamba 1828873163 CMNH Steinbach Bolivia -17.45 Rio Yapacani 1278 -63.666668 3 146 1 Santa Cruz 1828873181 1988-12-28 UASC P. Bettella Bolivia Ichilo 700 -17.65 Rio Saguayo 1277 -63.716667 Parque Nacional Amboro 3 146 2 1 1 Santa Cruz 1828873207 1937-11 MZSP Nick Brazil -16.616667 Leopoldo Bulhoes 1281 -48.766666 3 146 1 1 Goias 1828873203 [966,1432,1400,1423] IRSNB Brazil 700 -17.883333 Jatai 1277 -51.716667 3 146 1 Goias 1828873169 [151,784,1434,1457] MNHN C. Pujol Brazil 700 -17.883333 Jatai 1277 -51.716667 3 146 1 Goias 1828873222 [798,1431,1434,1457] MNHN C. Pujol Brazil 700 -17.883333 Jatai 1277 -51.716667 3 146 1 Goias 1828873211 [151,754,1469,1492] 1904-04-20 FMNH Brazil 700 -17.883333 Jatai 1277 -51.716667 3 146 1 1 Goias 1828873176 1964-06 MZSP Dirings Brazil -4.2166667 Rio Tapajoz 1306 -56.016666 Itaituba 3 146 1 1 Para 1828873172 [345,1168,1504,1527] 1963-04-07 1963-04-11 1963-04-07 FMNH B. Malkin Brazil -2.5666666 Rio Gurupi 1307 -46.516666 Caninde 3 146 1 Para 1828873177 CMNH Smith Brazil 36 -2.4333334 Santarem 1307 -54.7 3 146 1 Para 1828873170 [527,1251,1538,1561] 1896-03 BMNH H. H. Smith Brazil 36 -2.4333334 Santarem 1307 -54.7 3 146 1 Para 1828873174 1896-06 BMNH Brazil 36 -2.4333334 Santarem 1307 -54.7 3 146 1 Para 1828873219 [593,1259,1573,1596] 1979-01 CNC M. Alvarenga Brazil -3.7 Tucurui 1307 -49.45 3 146 1 Para 1828873183 1914-11-29 1914-11-30 1914-11-29 ZIN Brazil Salto Yguassu Puerto Agurra Iguacu 3 146 1 1 Parana 1828873171 1962-12-06 FMNH B. Malkin Brazil -10.683333 Barra do Tapirape 1297 -50.633335 3 146 1 1 Mato Grosso 1828873202 CMNH H. H. Smith Brazil 793 -15.433333 Guimaraes 1285 -55.75 Chapada 3 146 1 Mato Grosso 1828873209 [419,1256,1677,1700] CMNH H. H. Smith Brazil 793 -15.433333 Guimaraes 1285 -55.75 Chapada 3 146 1 Mato Grosso 1828873179 1914-08-25 ZIN Brazil -13.5 Sao Domingos 1290 -51.383335 3 146 1 1 Mato Grosso 1828873208 1975-10 CNC M. Alvarenga Brazil -12.516666 Sinop 1293 -55.616665 3 146 1 Mato Grosso 1828873221 [229,839,1746,1769] 1976-10 CNC M. Alvarenga Brazil -12.516666 Sinop 1293 -55.616665 3 146 1 Mato Grosso 1828873210 1973-10 AMNH M. Alvarenga Brazil -12.766666 Villa Vera 1292 -55.5 3 146 1 Mato Grosso 1828873168 [257,982,1781,1804] NMW Brazil 116 -19.016666 Corumba 1273 -57.65 3 146 1 Mato Grosso do Sul 1828873167 FMNH Haas Brazil 116 -19.016666 Corumba 1273 -57.65 3 146 1 1 Mato Grosso do Sul 1828873165 1937-04 MCZ G. Fairchild Brazil 385 -21.633333 Maracaju 1263 -55.15 3 146 2 1 1 Mato Grosso do Sul 1828873218 12. vii NHRS Sv. Amaz. & Exp. Roman Brazil -12.916667 Iguassu 1292 -41.05 3 146 1 Bahia 1828873175 1885-07-06 IRSNB E. Gounelle Brazil -13.816667 Salobro 1289 -40.15 3 146 1 Bahia 1828873184 [544,1332,1920,1943] MNHN Without & Fruhstorfer Brazil Minas Gerais 3 146 1 Minas Gerais 1828873214 1972-12 LACM J. F. Abravaya Brazil 7 -18.583334 Pedro Canario Fazenda Klabin 1275 -39.75 Conceicao da Barra 3 146 1 Espirito Santo 1828873201 2017-04-16 CEMT V. Costa-Silva Brazil 302 4 147 -22.511528 Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo 1 -52.357906 3 146 2 1 1 Sao Paulo 1828873217 1944-03-02 1944-03-31 1944-03-02 MZSP Trav. Fo. & Carrera & E. Dente Brazil -22.283333 Porto Cabral 1260 -52.633335 4 147 1 1 Parana 1828873220 1948-12 NMW F. H. Schade Paraguay 375 -25.433332 Caaguazu 1246 -56.033333 4 147 1 1 PARAGUAY 1828873205 2000-12-07 SEMC Z. H. Falin Paraguay Rivacue 80 -26.301666 San Rafael Res. 834 -55.616665 Veva de Cueva 4 147 1 1 Caazapa 1828873206 1938-10 NMW F. Schade Paraguay 200 -25.75 Paso Yavay 1245 -56.433334 4 147 1 Guaira 1828873216 [282,1119,325,348] 1927-12 NMW F. Schade Paraguay 200 -25.75 West 1245 -56.433334 Villa Rica 4 147 1 Guaira 1828873212 1928-08 NMW F. Schade Paraguay 200 -25.75 Villa Rica 1245 -56.433334 4 147 1 Guaira 1828873204 [598,1167,360,383] FMNH Fassl Paraguay -27.083334 Hohenau 1239 -55.75 4 147 1 Itapua 1828873173 7. iv ZMHB C. Fiebrig Paraguay Without 4 147 1 Itapua 1828873182 FMNH C. Bruch Argentina Misiones 4 147 1 1 Misiones 1828873180 [794,1251,429,452] 1985-01-30 JEBC J. E. Barriga Argentina Iguazu 4 147 1 1 Misiones 1828873223 JEBC Vespucio. & M. Viana Argentina Salta 4 147 1 1 Salta